CN107032345A - 一种石墨层间化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石墨层间化合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107032345A CN107032345A CN201710332857.7A CN201710332857A CN107032345A CN 107032345 A CN107032345 A CN 107032345A CN 201710332857 A CN201710332857 A CN 201710332857A CN 107032345 A CN107032345 A CN 107032345A
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- compound
- graphite
- graphite layers
- metal
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000138 intercalating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium bromide Chemical compound Br[Al](Br)Br PQLAYKMGZDUDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021205 NaH2PO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003767 Gold(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RJYMRRJVDRJMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibromomanganese Chemical compound Br[Mn]Br RJYMRRJVDRJMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OVWPJGBVJCTEBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold tribromide Chemical compound Br[Au](Br)Br OVWPJGBVJCTEBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NGYIMTKLQULBOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dibromide Chemical compound Br[Hg]Br NGYIMTKLQULBOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dibromide Chemical compound [Ni+2].[Br-].[Br-] IPLJNQFXJUCRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PGAPATLGJSQQBU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thallium(i) bromide Chemical compound [Tl]Br PGAPATLGJSQQBU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoiron Chemical compound Br[Fe](Br)Br FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SRVXDMYFQIODQI-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Ga](Br)Br SRVXDMYFQIODQI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 53
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 iron chloride-compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KPWJBEFBFLRCLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium bromide Chemical compound Br[Cd]Br KPWJBEFBFLRCLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001508 sulfur Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G3/00—Compounds of copper
- C01G3/04—Halides
- C01G3/05—Chlorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/10—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/04—Halides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5805—Phosphides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨层间化合物的制备方法,将石墨与金属卤化物在空气中混合后封闭至反应釜中加热至一定温度,保温一段时间,金属卤化物扩散至石墨层间形成以金属卤化物为插层剂的石墨层间化合物,再将金属卤化物插层剂通过硫化工艺或磷化工艺转化为金属硫化物或金属磷化物,得到以金属硫/磷化物为插层剂的石墨层间化合物,实现金属硫/磷化物以分子水平的形式稳定存在于石墨片层间。本发明可实现石墨层间不同物质的插入,使产品具有不同的特性,制备过程具有低物耗、低能耗、产品质量稳定且工艺重复性能好等诸多优点,适合大规模工业化生产,最终产品用于下一代储能材料、太阳能电池材料和电催化等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属硫化物或金属磷化物作为插层剂的石墨层间化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
石墨层间化合物是近年来日益受到人们重视的一种新材料。石墨为六方晶系,是一种典型的C层状结构物质,层平面上的碳原子以强有力的共价键结合,而层与层间以弱的范德华力结合,而且层间距较大。因此,在适当的条件下,酸、碱金属、盐等多种化学物质可插入石墨层间,并与碳原子结合形成新的化学相一石墨层间化合物。石墨层间化合物不仅保持石墨优异的理化性质,而且由于插入物质与炭层之间的相互作用而呈现出良好导电导热性等独特的物化特性。
目前,常见的金属卤化物基石墨层间化合物合成方法为熔盐法,传统的熔盐法的反应容器为耐热玻璃管,并且需要对其进行熔封处理,因此玻璃管的管径不能太大。这造成了单次合成量较少,而且受玻璃耐热温度的限制无法进行温度较高的实验,限制了许多新型石墨层间化合物的开发。此外,在熔封操作前要对装有反应物的玻璃管进行真空脱水,然后边抽真空的情况边熔封,这很容易造成熔封处附近玻璃的薄厚不均匀,导致在插层反应阶段破裂,插层过程中断。除了用耐热玻璃管制备石墨层间化合物,也有人用自制反应釜制备出了阶数完整的石墨层间化合物,但是此方法混样和密封都在真空手套箱中进行,条件比较苛刻,成本较大,限制了大批量生产的可能性。因此,研究更简单有效的方法来合成石墨层间化合物具有重要的意义。
另外,根据插入物的不同,石墨层间化合物所表现的物理化学性能不一样,其应用领域也有所差别。当前金属卤化物作为插层剂的石墨层间化合物的研究较多(Adv.EnergyMater.2014,4,1300600),但将金属卤化物插层剂转化为金属硫化物或金属磷化物的方法目前还尚未报道。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供金属硫化物或金属磷化物作为插层剂的石墨层间化合物的制备方法,因为严格控制影响石墨层间化合物形成的最关键因素-水分和氧气,所以能够克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种能使反应物的层间插入率高(卤化物插入率至少是常规方法的两倍),且安全、环保、适合大规模生产的一种制备方法;而且通过高温加热,使得硫源或磷源扩散到石墨片层间与金属卤化物反应实现金属硫化物或者金属磷化物以分子水平的形式稳定存在于石墨片层间,扩大了石墨层间化合物的种类和应用范围以及提供了一种新型石墨层间化合物的合成方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的一个技术方案是:提供一种金属硫化物或金属磷化物作为插层剂的石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于先通过熔盐法将金属卤化物作为插层剂插入到石墨片层间,插层剂与石墨的质量比为1∶0.2~20,干燥温度为60~150℃,干燥时间为0.2~5h,插层反应温度300~1100℃,反应时间为1~72h,然后通过硫化工艺或磷化工艺将金属卤化物完全转化为金属硫化物或者金属磷化物,实现金属硫化物或者金属磷化物以分子水平的形式稳定存在于石墨层间,得到以金属硫化物或者金属硫磷化物为插层剂的石墨层间化合物。
所述的石墨包括天然石墨、人造石墨或膨胀石墨。
所述的金属卤化物插层剂都是无水化合物,形成受电子型的石墨层间化合物,包括铍、镁、钪、钇、锆、铪、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、铼、铁、钌、锇、钴、铑、铱、镍、钯、铂、铜、银、金、锌、镉、汞、铝、镓、铟、铊、锗、锡、铅、锑、铋、铀的金属氯化物以及溴化铁、溴化镍、溴化铝、溴化镓、溴化锰、溴化钴、溴化镉、溴化金、溴化汞、溴化铊和溴化铀中的一种或几种。
熔盐法制备石墨层间化合物的所有过程都在空气中进行,所制备的石墨层间化合物可以为1阶、2阶、3阶、4阶或混合阶数。
所述的硫化工艺中,硫源包括S、CS2、H2S、SO2、Na2S、硫脲中的一种或几种;磷化工艺中磷源包括P、PH3、H3PO4、NaH2PO2的一种或几种,反应温度为250~1100℃,反应时间为0.5~72h。
本发明的有益效果是:(1)改进了传统石墨层间化合物需要在惰性气氛中操作的制备工艺,简化了生产步骤,极大地降低了生产成本;(2)本发明提供了一种金属硫化物或磷化物作为插层剂的石墨层间化合物的制备方法,大大扩展了石墨层间化合物的种类和研究领域,且实验过程简单易操作,产品质量稳定,工艺重复性能好,适合大规模工业化生产;(3)金属硫化物或磷化物以分子形式稳定存在于石墨片层间,在保证石墨层状完整性的同时,根据插入物种类和数量的选择可控制石墨的片层间距,实现对石墨结构的精细调控;(4)金属硫化物或磷化物与石墨片层之间相互作用而表现出独特的物化性质,如提升的电子导电性,且金属硫化物或磷化物与石墨本体均能作为电化学储能活性物质,使得该石墨层间化合物具备双重储能机制,大大增加该材料的可逆容量;(5)制得的石墨层间化合物具有高的振实密度,高于石墨本体,若作为电化学储能材料能表现出高的单位体积容量。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的一阶氯化铁-石墨层间化合物(FG-1)和硫化铁-石墨层间化合物(SFG-1)的X射线衍射图;
图2为本发明实施例1中的硫化铁石墨层间化合物的储锂充放电曲线图。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种金属盐作为插层剂的石墨层间化合物的制备方法,包括:将1g粒度为10μm的天然石墨在120℃下干燥4h后迅速加入3.4g无水氯化铁后在空气中搅拌混合,然后在120℃下真空干燥1h后转移至反应釜中,将反应釜在空气中密封后,置于加热炉中加热到450℃并保温48h。得到的产物用去离子水、酒精和丙酮清洗后在80℃下干燥12h后得到一阶的FeCl3-石墨层间化合物(如附图1所示),样品命名为FG-1(F氯化铁、-2一阶)。取0.3g上述制得的FG-1在CS2与氮气的混合中以5℃/min的升温速率加热到550℃并保温2h,制备得到硫化铁插层的石墨层间化合物,样品命名SFG-1。
在附图1的XRD图中我们可以明显的看出氯化铁插层剂成功转变成硫化铁,且基本看不到硫化铁特征衍射峰,这可以证明硫化铁是以极小的颗粒甚至分子形式稳定存在于石墨片层间。
以本实施例1所获得的SFG-1为锂离子电池负极材料,如图2所示,以电流密度为100mA/g进行充放电,首次放电容量接近1300mAh/g,首次充电容量接近800mAh/g,远高于石墨327mAh/g的理论容量,该材料表现的首次充放电效率为62%,在第二次循环效率上升到98.8%。同时,该负极材料也表现出稳定的循环性能。
实施例2
将1g粒度为10μm的天然石墨在100℃下干燥4h后迅速加入1.7g无水氯化铁后在空气中搅拌混合,然后在100℃下真空干燥1h后转移至反应釜中,将反应釜在手套在空气中密封后,置于加热炉中加热到450℃并保温24h。得到的产物用去离子水、酒精和丙酮清洗后在80℃下干燥12h后得到二阶的FeCl3-石墨层间化合物,样品命名为FG-2(F氯化铁、-2二阶);
取0.5g FG-2在氢气与氩气混合气体下450℃处理4h得到RFG-2(R氢气还原),取0.3g RFG-2与0.6g单质硫在空气中混合后密封至反应釜中,加热至155℃保温12h,随后将温度升至350℃保温2h使硫与单质金属反应生成硫化物。最终得到硫化铁插层的石墨层间化合物。
实施例3
将1g粒度为10μm的天然石墨在120℃下干燥4h后迅速加入6.8g无水氯化铁后在空气中搅拌混合,然后在120℃下真空干燥1h后转移至反应釜中,将反应釜在空气中密封后,置于加热炉中加热到450℃并保温12h。得到的产物用去离子水、酒精和丙酮清洗后在80℃下干燥12h后收集备用,样品命名为FG-1(F氯化铁、-1一阶)。取0.3g上述制得的FNG-1在硫化氢与氮气的混合气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率加热到550℃并保温2h,制备得到硫化铁插层的石墨层间化合物。
实施例4
将1g粒度为20μm的天然石墨在120℃下干燥4h,接着将其与4.5g无水氯化铁和9g无水氯化锌的混合物在空气中搅拌混合,然后在80℃下真空干燥5h后转移至反应釜中,将反应釜在空气中密封后,置于加热炉中加热到650℃并保温36h。得到的产物用去离子水、酒精和丙酮清洗后在80℃下干燥12h后得到二、三、四阶混合而成的FeCl3-ZnCl2-石墨层间化合物。取0.3g上述制得的石墨层间化合物在CS2与氮气的混合中以5℃/min的升温速率加热到550℃并保温2h,制备得到硫化铁和硫化锌双物质插层的石墨层间化合物。
实施例5
将1g粒度为10μm的人造石墨在120℃下干燥4h,接着将其与4.5g无水氯化铜在空气中搅拌混合,然后在120℃下真空干燥1h后转移至反应釜中,将反应釜在空气中密封后,置于加热炉中加热到550℃并保温72h。得到的产物用去离子水、酒精和丙酮清洗后在80℃下干燥12h后得到一阶的CuCl2-石墨层间化合物。取0.3g上述制得的石墨层间化合物与过量NaH2PO2混合,然后置于管式炉中以5℃/min的升温速率加热到350℃并保温2h,制备得到磷化铜插层的石墨层间化合物。
实施例6
将1g粒度为20μm的天然石墨在120℃下干燥4h,接着将其与4.5g无水氯化铁和9g无水氯化锌的混合物在空气中搅拌混合,然后在120℃下真空干燥1h后转移至反应釜中,将反应釜在空气中密封后,置于加热炉中加热到650℃并保温36h。得到的产物用去离子水、酒精和丙酮清洗后在80℃下干燥12h后得到二、三、四阶混合而成的FeCl3-ZnCl2-石墨层间化合物。取0.3g上述制得的石墨层间化合物在CS2与氮气的混合中以5℃/min的升温速率加热到550℃并保温2h,制备得到硫化铁和硫化锌双物质插层的石墨层间化合物。
以本实施例5所获得的硫化物石墨层间化合物为锂离子电池负极材料,以电流密度为100mA/g进行充放电,首次放电容量为810mAh/g,首次充电容量接近600mAh/g,首次充放电效率高达74%。同时,该负极材料也表现出稳定的循环性能。
尽管参照实施例对所公开的涉及一种石墨层间化合物及衍生物的制备方法进行了特别描述,本领域技术人员将能理解,在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,可以对它进行形式和细节的种种显而易见的修改。因此,以上描述的实施例是说明性的而不是限制性的,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,所有的变化和修改都在本发明的范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于先通过熔盐法将金属卤化物作为插层剂插入到石墨片层间,插层剂与石墨的质量比为1∶0.2~20,干燥温度为60~150℃,干燥时间为0.2~5h,插层反应温度300~1100℃,反应时间为1~72h,然后通过硫化工艺或磷化工艺将金属卤化物完全转化为金属硫化物或者金属磷化物,实现金属硫化物或者金属磷化物以分子水平的形式稳定存在于石墨片层间,得到以金属硫化物或者金属磷化物为插层剂的石墨层间化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的石墨包括天然石墨、人造石墨或膨胀石墨。
3.根据权利要求1所述的的石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的金属卤化物插层剂都是无水化合物,形成受电子型的石墨层间化合物,包括铍、镁、钪、钇、锆、铪、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、铼、铁、钌、锇、钴、铑、铱、镍、钯、铂、铜、银、金、锌、镉、汞、铝、镓、铟、铊、锗、锡、铅、锑、铋、铀的金属氯化物以及溴化铁、溴化镍、溴化铝、溴化镓、溴化锰、溴化钻、溴化镉、溴化金、溴化汞、溴化铊和溴化铀中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:用熔盐法制备石墨层间化合物的所有过程都在空气中进行。
5.根据权利要求1所述的石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所制备的石墨层间化合物为1阶、2阶、3阶、4阶或混合阶数。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述的硫化工艺中,硫源包括S、CS2、H2S、SO2、Na2S、硫脲中的一种或几种;磷化工艺中磷源包括P、PH3、H3PO4、NaH2PO2的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨层间化合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述的硫化工艺或磷化工艺的反应温度为250~1100℃,反应时间为0.5~72h。
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Cited By (9)
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CN113206243A (zh) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-03 | 大连理工大学 | 一种金属氯化物-石墨插层化合物电极材料的制备方法及其应用 |
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CN108314025A (zh) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-07-24 | 盐城师范学院 | 一种双层石墨烯插层化合物的制备方法 |
CN108832087A (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-16 | 湖南大学 | 一种电池负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN108832087B (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2021-04-30 | 湖南大学 | 一种电池负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN112723353B (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2022-09-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 石墨插层化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112723353A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 石墨插层化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2022013658A1 (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Metal halide cathode with enriched conductive additive |
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CN113206243B (zh) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-07-12 | 大连理工大学 | 一种金属氯化物-石墨插层化合物电极材料的制备方法及其应用 |
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CN114023955A (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 凯盛石墨碳材料有限公司 | 一种碱金属离子电池用负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN114023955B (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-01-30 | 凯盛石墨碳材料有限公司 | 一种碱金属离子电池用负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN114335519A (zh) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-12 | 中南大学 | 一种金属硫化物@石墨层电极材料及其制备方法 |
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CN116873912A (zh) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-10-13 | 国电投重庆能源研究院有限公司 | 一种水溶导电型石墨烯及其制备方法 |
CN116873912B (zh) * | 2023-05-24 | 2024-05-07 | 国电投重庆能源研究院有限公司 | 一种水溶导电型石墨烯及其制备方法 |
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