CN106892889B - 一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106892889B CN106892889B CN201710068269.7A CN201710068269A CN106892889B CN 106892889 B CN106892889 B CN 106892889B CN 201710068269 A CN201710068269 A CN 201710068269A CN 106892889 B CN106892889 B CN 106892889B
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- propolis
- extract
- flavone
- silica gel
- petroleum ether
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- 241000241413 Propolis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229940069949 propolis Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
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- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RTIXKCRFFJGDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chrysin Natural products C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=CC=C1 RTIXKCRFFJGDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- SRCZQMGIVIYBBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCC.CCOC(C)=O SRCZQMGIVIYBBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- FGUBFGWYEYFGRK-HNNXBMFYSA-N Pinocembrin Natural products Cc1cc(C)c2C(=O)C[C@H](Oc2c1)c3ccccc3 FGUBFGWYEYFGRK-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/22—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
- C07D311/26—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
- C07D311/28—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only
- C07D311/32—2,3-Dihydro derivatives, e.g. flavanones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/63—Arthropods
- A61K35/64—Insects, e.g. bees, wasps or fleas
- A61K35/644—Beeswax; Propolis; Royal jelly; Honey
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/22—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
- C07D311/26—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
- C07D311/28—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only
- C07D311/30—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only not hydrogenated in the hetero ring, e.g. flavones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/22—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
- C07D311/26—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
- C07D311/40—Separation, e.g. from natural material; Purification
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物,其中总黄酮的重量百分含量以芦丁计为54.3%~89.3%,其中含量最高的5种黄酮单体依次为:短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素‑3‑乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素。通过由石油醚、乙醇、石油醚‑乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂分步提取分离纯化制备而成。本发明提供的蜂胶黄酮提取物化学成分明确、总黄酮含量高,与现有的蜂胶提取物相比,具有提取物中总黄酮含量高、提取物中黄酮类化合物成分明确,该提取物对癌细胞具有明显的抑制癌细胞作用,能诱导癌细胞调亡,可在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然产物中活性成分的研究领域,具体而言,涉及一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物及在抗肿瘤方面的的应用。
背景技术
蜂胶是工蜂采集植物树脂等分泌物与其上颚腺、蜡腺等分泌物混合形成的胶粘性物质。研究表明,蜂胶作为一种应用历史悠久的天然药品和保健品,具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、辅助降血糖和降血脂等药理学作用,而具广泛生物学活性的黄酮类化合物是中国蜂胶中含量最高、种类最为丰富的一大类化合物,且其含量之高和种类之多是其它天然产物不可比拟的。据相关研究统计,目前的抗癌药物有超过70%都来自天然产物或者天然产物的衍生物。近年来,蜂胶及其黄酮单体的抗肿瘤活性不断被报道,并证实了蜂胶及其黄酮单体具有作为新型抗肿瘤药物研发的良好前景。
蜂胶的生物学活性是由其多种化学成分相互作用的结果。然而,蜂胶的化学成分及其复杂,且受植物来源、蜂种等因素影响,这给蜂胶中功能因子的分离纯化及研究应用带来较大困难。由于缺乏对蜂胶中功能因子的深入研究,这在某种程度上严重制约着我国蜂胶的深层次开发利用及国际化发展。因此,对蜂胶中功能因子进行系统研究,研制出功能因子和作用机理明确、保健效果显著、绿色安全的系列精深加工的蜂胶保健食品具有十分重要的意义。
对于天然产物中活性成分的分离纯化,硅胶柱层析法是一种简单有效、适合工业化生产的方法。硅胶是一种结构不定型的极性吸附剂,它的工作原理是根据被分离物质在硅胶上吸附力的不同而得到分离,一般情况下,极性较大的物质容易被吸附,而极性较弱的物质不易被吸附。硅胶柱层析法主要适用于异黄酮(醇)、二氢黄酮(醇)和高度甲基化(或乙醚化)黄酮的分离,少数情况下,在加水活化后的硅胶也可用于极性较大的化合物的分离,如多羟基黄酮醇及其苷类等。本方法从样品的除杂开始,先运用石油醚浸泡法除去蜂蜡等极性较小的杂质,再利用超声波辅助提取法,乙醇提取制得蜂胶净膏,最后用硅胶柱层析法分离纯化得到蜂胶黄酮提取物,含量最高的黄酮单体依次为短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素,总黄酮含量高达89.3%,高于已有的文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物,它是一种混合物,总黄酮的重量百分含量以芦丁计,在54.3%~89.3%之间。该总黄酮提取物含量最高的5种黄酮单体依次为:短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素。
本发明的另一个目的是所述的中国蜂胶黄酮提取物的制备方法,是由石油醚、乙醇、石油醚-乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂分步提取分离纯化制备而成,具体通过以下步骤实现:
1.石油醚除杂:采用有机溶剂浸泡法,石油醚作为溶剂去除去除物理性杂质如蜂蜡等极性较小的杂质。粉碎中国蜂胶(毛胶)后完全浸泡于石油醚中24h,期间多次搅拌均匀,过滤,自然挥干,得到的蜂胶毛胶颗粒,除去大部分蜂蜡等极性较小的杂质,并将石油醚回收利用。
2.超声波辅助提取:是用乙醇溶液作为溶剂提取制得中国蜂胶净膏。运用正交法,取步骤⑴得到的蜂胶毛胶颗粒,按料液比1:5~1:15g/mL的比例,用75~95%的乙醇溶液提取2~4次,每次提取15~45min,过滤,合并滤液,并通过旋转蒸发仪和鼓风式烘箱挥干溶剂至恒重,蒸发浓缩至净膏状,得蜂胶黄酮粗提物。在此提取条件下,蜂胶黄酮粗提物的总黄酮含量从蜂胶毛胶中的9.41%提高到20.3~28.6%。
3.硅胶薄层色谱分离:采用硅胶柱层析法对步骤2得到的蜂胶净膏进行精制。首先,采用硅胶薄层色谱法对石油醚-乙酸乙酯、氯仿-甲醇两种不同极性的两相溶剂系统进行筛选,通过比移值(Rf值)的测定及有无拖尾的观察,确定了200-300目的硅胶作蜂胶黄酮进行静态吸附剂,4:1、3:1、2:1(v/v)石油醚-乙酸乙酯双相溶剂为本研究最适合的硅胶柱层析洗脱剂,且每个体积比洗脱3个柱体积,蜂胶与硅胶的质量比为1:35,洗脱流速为2mL/min。最后,利用旋转蒸发仪、氮吹仪和冷冻干燥机进行浓缩、干燥。本条件下,总黄酮含量从24.76%提高到54.3%~89.3%。
4.硅胶薄层色谱分离:取步骤2得到的蜂胶净膏配成5mg/mL的乙醇溶液,在硅胶板上点样,并置于展开槽中展开,10min后,取出自然晾干,并于254nm下观察和测量Rf值,选取Rf值在0.25~0.35之间且无拖尾现象的作为最佳体积比的双溶剂体系。
5.硅胶柱层析纯化:将步骤2得到的蜂胶净膏配置成约20mg/mL的乙醇溶液,与质量比为1:35的硅胶粉(200~300目)混合均匀,挥干乙醇后倒入硅胶层析柱中,并用增氧泵夯实,表面平整后铺上一层海砂,先用石油醚冲洗,赶走柱子中的气泡并算出一个柱体积(SV),然后依次加入5:1、4:1、3:1或4:1、3:1、2:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯混合溶剂体系进行分步洗脱,每个梯度冲洗3个柱体积(SV),控制流速为1~2mL/min。每1/3个柱体积(SV)收集一管,合并Rf值相近的蜂胶黄酮洗脱液。
6.浓缩干燥:通过观察洗脱液的颜色及在254nm下的Rf值,先利用旋转蒸发仪挥去黄酮含量较高组的溶剂,再利用无水乙醇反复冲洗,去除上层混杂的树胶,最后在氮吹仪、冷冻干燥机下干燥至恒重,得到精制的蜂胶黄酮提取物。
本发明的再一个目的是提供所述的提取物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。构建癌细胞体外模型。以人肝癌细胞HepG2作为研究对象,并以正常细胞HEK293作为癌细胞作用的参照,采用CCK-8法研究蜂胶黄酮提取物对人肝癌细胞增殖的影响,发现蜂胶黄酮提取物对HepG2细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用。同时,通过细胞细胞凋亡的检测,发现蜂胶黄酮提取物在一定浓度下对HepG2细胞具有较强的诱导凋亡作用。
本发明克服了以往蜂胶提取物黄酮含量低、化学成分不明确等缺陷,提供一种化学成分明确、总黄酮含量高的蜂胶黄酮提取物,该提取物对癌细胞有明确的抑制作用。与现有的蜂胶提取物相比,本发明的蜂胶黄酮提取物具有下述特点:(1)提取物中总黄酮含量高;(2)提取物中黄酮类化合物成分明确,主要成分为短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素;(3)提取物具有明显的抑制癌细胞作用,能诱导癌细胞调亡。
附图说明
图1是不同组别的蜂胶黄酮提取物(50μg/mL)对HepG2细胞活力的影响。
图2是不同组别的蜂胶黄酮提取物(50μg/mL)对HEK293细胞活力的影响。
图3是蜂胶黄酮提取物F4对HepG2细胞活力的影响。
图4是蜂胶黄酮提取物F4对HEK293细胞活力的影响。
图5是Annexin V/PI法检测蜂胶黄酮提取物F4诱导HepG2细胞的凋亡,图中A:对照组;B~F:不同浓度(10,20,30,40,50μg/mL)蜂胶黄酮提取物处理3h后的HepG2细胞。
具体实施方式
本发明结合附图和实施例作进一步的说明。
实施例1
选用同一产地、品质均一的中国杨属型蜂胶,除去物理性杂质后粉碎机粉碎。将毛胶颗粒完全浸泡于石油醚中24h。过滤,收集毛胶颗粒,并自然挥干至恒重,石油醚回收利用。称取100g蜂胶粉置于烧杯中,加1000mL75%乙醇,超声波辅助提取4次,每次30min,合并滤液,并冷冻再次除蜡。滤液旋转蒸发后,用鼓风式烘箱烘干至恒重,得蜂胶净膏,采用《蜂胶中总黄酮含量的测定方法—分光光度比色法》(GB/T 20574-2006)中所述的方法测得蜂胶净膏中的总黄酮含量从毛胶中的9.41%提高到20.7%。取上述蜂胶净膏5g溶于一定量无水乙醇后与175g活化后的硅胶混合均匀,挥干乙醇后装柱。先用石油醚赶走柱内所有空气,并算出一个柱体积SV,再依次用3个SV 5:1、4:1、3:1(v/v)的石油醚-乙酸乙酯双溶剂体系进行吸附、洗脱,流速为2mL/min。每1/3SV收集一管,薄层色谱检测,并合比移(Rf)值为0.25~0.35的洗脱液,浓缩并干燥,得到精制的蜂胶黄酮提取物,总黄酮含量达54.3%。同时,利用Sepax HP-C18(150mm×4.6mm2,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-1%乙酸为流动相,在1.0mL/min的流速、280nm波长、33℃的柱温、5μL的进样量、洗脱程序为:0~30min,15~40%甲醇;30~65min,40~55%甲醇;65~70min,55~62%甲醇;70~85min,62~100%甲醇的高效液相色谱分析条件下,该黄酮提取物中含量最高的黄酮单体为:短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素。
实施例2
选用同一产地、品质均一的中国杨属型蜂胶,除去物理性杂质后粉碎机粉碎。将毛胶颗粒完全浸泡于石油醚中24h。过滤,收集毛胶颗粒,并自然挥干至恒重,石油醚回收利用。称取100g蜂胶粉置于烧杯中,加1500mL85%乙醇,超声波辅助提取4次,每次15min,合并滤液,并冷冻再次除蜡。滤液旋转蒸发后,用鼓风式烘箱烘干至恒重,得蜂胶净膏,采用《蜂胶中总黄酮含量的测定方法—分光光度比色法》(GB/T 20574-2006)中所述的方法测得蜂胶净膏中的总黄酮含量从毛胶中的9.41%提高到22.1%。取上述蜂胶净膏5g溶于一定量无水乙醇后与175g活化后的硅胶混合均匀,挥干乙醇后装柱。先用石油醚赶走柱内所有空气,并算出一个柱体积SV,再依次用3个SV 4:1、3:1、2:1(v/v)的石油醚-乙酸乙酯双溶剂体系进行吸附、洗脱,流速为1mL/min。每1/3SV收集一管,薄层色谱检测,并合比移(Rf)值为0.25~0.35的洗脱液,浓缩并干燥,得到精制的蜂胶黄酮提取物,总黄酮含量达68.4%。同时,利用Sepax HP-C18(150mm×4.6mm2,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-1%乙酸为流动相,在1.0mL/min的流速、280nm波长、33℃的柱温、5μL的进样量、洗脱程序为:0~30min,15~40%甲醇;30~65min,40~55%甲醇;65~70min,55~62%甲醇;70~85min,62~100%甲醇的高效液相色谱分析条件下,该黄酮提取物中含量最高的黄酮单体为:短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素。
实施例3
选用同一产地、品质均一的中国杨属型蜂胶,除去物理性杂质后粉碎机粉碎。将毛胶颗粒完全浸泡于石油醚中24h。过滤,收集毛胶颗粒,并自然挥干至恒重,石油醚回收利用。称取100g蜂胶粉置于烧杯中,加500mL85%乙醇,超声波辅助提取4次,每次45min,合并滤液,并冷冻再次除蜡。滤液旋转蒸发后,用鼓风式烘箱烘干至恒重,得蜂胶净膏,采用《蜂胶中总黄酮含量的测定方法—分光光度比色法》(GB/T 20574-2006)中所述的方法测得蜂胶净膏中的总黄酮含量从毛胶中的9.41%提高到23.2%。取上述蜂胶净膏5g溶于一定量无水乙醇后与175g活化后的硅胶混合均匀,挥干乙醇后装柱。先用石油醚赶走柱内所有空气,并算出一个柱体积SV,再依次用3个SV 4:1、3:1、2:1(v/v)的石油醚-乙酸乙酯双溶剂体系进行吸附、洗脱,流速为1mL/min。每1/3SV收集一管,薄层色谱检测,并合比移(Rf)值为0.25~0.35的洗脱液,浓缩并干燥,得到精制的蜂胶黄酮提取物,总黄酮含量达75.4%。同时,利用Sepax HP-C18(150mm×4.6mm2,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-1%乙酸为流动相,在1.0mL/min的流速、280nm波长、33℃的柱温、5μL的进样量、洗脱程序为:0~30min,15~40%甲醇;30~65min,40~55%甲醇;65~70min,55~62%甲醇;70~85min,62~100%甲醇的高效液相色谱分析条件下,该黄酮提取物中含量最高的黄酮单体为:短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素。
实施例4
选用同一产地、品质均一的中国杨属型蜂胶,除去物理性杂质后粉碎机粉碎。将毛胶颗粒完全浸泡于石油醚中24h。过滤,收集毛胶颗粒,并自然挥干至恒重,石油醚回收利用。称取100g蜂胶粉置于烧杯中,加500mL95%乙醇,超声波辅助提取4次,每次45min,合并滤液,并冷冻再次除蜡。滤液旋转蒸发后,用鼓风式烘箱烘干至恒重,得蜂胶净膏,采用《蜂胶中总黄酮含量的测定方法—分光光度比色法》(GB/T 20574-2006)中所述的方法测得蜂胶净膏中的总黄酮含量从毛胶中的9.41%提高到28.6%。取上述蜂胶净膏5g溶于一定量无水乙醇后与175g活化后的硅胶混合均匀,挥干乙醇后装柱。先用石油醚赶走柱内所有空气,并算出一个柱体积SV,再依次用3个SV 4:1、3:1、2:1(v/v)的石油醚-乙酸乙酯双溶剂体系进行吸附、洗脱,流速为2mL/min。每1/3SV收集一管,薄层色谱检测,并合比移(Rf)值为0.25~0.35的洗脱液,浓缩并干燥,得到精制的蜂胶黄酮提取物,总黄酮含量达89.3%。同时,利用Sepax HP-C18(150mm×4.6mm2,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-1%乙酸为流动相,在1.0mL/min的流速、280nm波长、33℃的柱温、5μL的进样量、洗脱程序为:0~30min,15~40%甲醇;30~65min,40~55%甲醇;65~70min,55~62%甲醇;70~85min,62~100%甲醇的高效液相色谱分析条件下,该黄酮提取物中含量最高的黄酮单体为:短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素。
实施例5
蜂胶黄酮提取物的抗肿瘤活性筛选。
实施例1得到黄酮提取物记为F1(总黄酮含量为54.3%)、实施例2得到黄酮提取物记为F2(总黄酮含量为68.4%)、实施例3得到黄酮提取物记为F3(总黄酮含量为75.4%)、实施例4得到黄酮提取物记为F4(总黄酮含量为89.3%)。采用CCK-8法和利用流式细胞仪对蜂胶黄酮提取物的体外抗肿瘤活性进行筛选。
1.细胞的复苏与传代
冻存的HepG2、HEK293细胞解冻后,将细胞冻存液迅速混入在37℃下预热过的新鲜培养基中,并于37℃、5%CO2培养箱培养,细胞贴壁后更换培养液进行培养。
当HepG2和HEK293细胞长满到80%左右进行传代操作:取出细胞培养皿,弃去旧培养液,用PBS缓冲液小心清洗2次,再加入适量胰酶消化液置于37℃培养箱中消化,其中HepG细胞消化3min,HEK293细胞消化1.5min。用移液枪轻轻吹打使细胞脱落,随后转入无菌离心管中,1000r/min下离心5min。弃去上清废液,收集细胞,加入适量新鲜培养液后吹打成单一细胞悬液。依据实验需求,接种一定数目的细胞于培养皿中,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养。
2.CCK-8法检测细胞存活率
待HepG2、HEK293细胞传至第3代后,将细胞以5×104(cells/mL)种于96孔板(96孔板四周孔内以PBS代替,防止边缘效应),每孔100μL,培养24h后,依次加入10μL不同浓度的蜂胶黄酮溶液,使得终浓度为100、75、50、25、12.5、6μg/mL,并设空白对照组,继续培养48h后,每孔加入10μL CCK-8试剂,轻轻震荡,继续培养2-4h后在450nm处测定吸光度。其中,本底为不加细胞的CCK-8组,参照为HEK293细胞,平行测三次。
存活率=[OD(蜂胶黄酮组)-OD(本底)]/[OD(空白对照组)-OD(本底)]。
3.细胞凋亡检测
制备HepG2细胞悬液5×104(cells/mL),种于6孔板中后置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养24h,依次加入适量的蜂胶黄酮溶液,使得终浓度为100、75、50、25、12.5、6μg/mL,并设空白对照组,继续培养48h。再依次对细胞清洗、消化、离心,加入预先配好的1×Annexin VBinding溶液,制成终浓度为1×106cells/mL的细胞悬液,并取适量加入到新的管子中。向细胞悬液加入5μL Annexin V,FITC结合物、5μL的PI溶液,室温下避光培养15min。最后,加入200μL1×Annexin V Binding溶液,并在1h内上流式细胞仪检测。平行测三次,并设置对照组:
⑴未染色HepG2细胞;
⑵Annexin V,FITC染色HepG2细胞(没有PI);
⑶PI染色HepG2细胞(没有Annexin V,FITC)。
结果判断:
正常活HepG2细胞Annexin V(-)、PI(-),处于左下象限Q3;
早期调亡HepG2细胞Annexin V(+)、PI(-),处于右下象限Q4;
坏死HepG2细胞Annexin V(-)、PI(+),处于左上象限Q1;
晚期调亡或坏死HepG2细胞Annexin V(+)、PI(+),处于右上象限Q2。
实验数据以平均值±SD(n=3)表示,结果如下:
不同提取工艺得到的蜂胶黄酮提取物F1、F2、F3和F4对人肝癌细胞活力的影响测定结果如图1、图2所示。蜂胶黄酮提取物F1、F2、F3和F4在所试剂量下均对人肝癌细胞起到明显的增殖抑制作用,抗肿瘤效果良好且稳定。
蜂胶黄酮提取物F4在不同浓度下对HepG2细胞活力的影响如图3、图4所示,在25~100μg/mL浓度范围内,蜂胶黄酮提取物F4对HepG2的增殖作用明显,且在25~75μg/mL浓度范围内对正常细胞没有伤害。此外,蜂胶黄酮提取物F4对诱导HepG2凋亡的作用如图5和表1所示。结果显示,蜂胶黄酮提取物F4在低浓度下诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的作用不明显,随着浓度的上升,在40μg/mL时,HepG2细胞的凋亡率明显上升。
表1 AnnexinV/PI法检测蜂胶黄酮提取物F4诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的百分率
Claims (4)
1.一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,通过以下步骤实现:
(1)石油醚除杂:粉碎中国蜂胶后完全浸泡于石油醚中24 h,搅拌均匀,过滤,自然挥干,得到的蜂胶毛胶颗粒,并将石油醚回收利用;
(2)超声波辅助提取:取步骤(1)得到的蜂胶毛胶颗粒,按料液比1:5~1:15 g/mL的比例,用75~95%的乙醇溶液提取2~4次,每次提取15~45 min,过滤,合并滤液,并通过旋转蒸发仪和鼓风式烘箱挥干溶剂至恒重,蒸发浓缩至净膏状,得蜂胶黄酮粗提物;
(3)硅胶薄层色谱分离:以200-300目的硅胶作蜂胶黄酮进行静态吸附剂,4:1、3:1、2:1(v/v)石油醚-乙酸乙酯双相溶剂为硅胶柱层析洗脱剂,且每个体积比洗脱3个柱体积,蜂胶与硅胶的质量比为1:35,洗脱流速为2 mL/min,利用旋转蒸发仪、氮吹仪和冷冻干燥机进行浓缩、干燥;
(4)硅胶薄层色谱分离:取步骤(2)得到的蜂胶净膏配成5 mg/mL的乙醇溶液,在硅胶板上点样,并置于展开槽中展开,10 min后,取出自然晾干,并于254 nm下观察和测量Rf值,选取Rf值在0.25~0.35之间且无拖尾现象的作为最佳体积比的双溶剂体系;
(5)硅胶柱层析纯化:将步骤(2)得到的蜂胶净膏配置成20 mg/mL的乙醇溶液,与质量比为1:35的硅胶粉混合均匀,挥干乙醇后倒入硅胶层析柱中,铺上一层海砂,先用石油醚冲洗,算出一个柱体积,然后依次加入5:1、4:1、3:1或4:1、3:1、2:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯混合溶剂体系进行分步洗脱,每个梯度冲洗3个柱体积,控制流速为1~2 mL/min,每1/3个柱体积收集一管,合并Rf值相近的蜂胶黄酮洗脱液;
(6)浓缩干燥:通过观察洗脱液的颜色及在254 nm下的Rf值,先利用旋转蒸发仪挥去黄酮含量较高组的溶剂,再利用无水乙醇反复冲洗,去除上层混杂的树胶,最后在氮吹仪、冷冻干燥机下干燥至恒重,得到精制的蜂胶黄酮提取物;
提取物中总黄酮的重量百分含量以芦丁计,在54.3%~89.3%之间,该总黄酮提取物含量最高的5种黄酮单体依次为:短叶松素、松属素、短叶松素-3-乙酸酯、白杨素和高良姜素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)得到的蜂胶黄酮粗提物,蜂胶黄酮粗提物的总黄酮含量从蜂胶毛胶中的9.41%提高到20.3~28.6%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)条件下,总黄酮含量从24.76%提高到54.3%~89.3%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种中国蜂胶黄酮提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所用的硅胶粉为200~300目,挥干乙醇后倒入硅胶层析柱中,并用增氧泵夯实,表面平整后铺上一层海砂。
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