CN106752459A - 一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜 - Google Patents
一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜,由下列原料制备制成:异丙醇铝、硅烷偶联剂KH560、正硅酸四乙酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、聚乙二醇、甲基三甲基硅烷、聚乙烯醇、硼砂、正辛烷、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸、偏铝酸钠、云母氧化铁、硼酸酯、磷酸氢二钠、硅酸钠、酒石酸、三乙醇胺、十二烷基硫酸钠、正丁醇适量、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺适量、硝酸适量、盐酸适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量;本发明制备的防锈剂能够在工件表面形成一层膜,具有良好的缓释、防锈性能,配方经济、功能持久,能满足合金钢和铝合金等的防锈要求和市场的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属表面处理剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜。
背景技术
根据统计,世界上每年会有总重相当于金属年量10-20%的钢铁制品由于腐蚀、锈蚀等原因造成不能使用,为此人们采取了各种各样的防锈方法来比避免锈蚀,减少损失。防锈剂的种类多种多样,其中亚硝酸钠因其防锈性能优异且价格低廉一直备受青睐并广泛使用,但因为亚硝酸钠是有强制癌基因的物质,因此,在20世纪80年代,国内外便进行了大量的研发工作,制备了多种以烷基、烷氧基、卤代基、萘酸类及其衍生物、硝基苯甲酸类以及硼酸酯、硼酸盐和钼酸盐等为主的材料来取代亚硝酸钠的新型水溶性防锈剂。尽管这些新型防锈剂叫亚硝酸钠更加的安全合理,但在其成膜使用过程中,存在着较复杂的去膜处理问题,通常要采用碱水处理,或者用竹刀和刮片等物理方法处理,这样的处理不仅不能够除尽涂膜还有可能损伤金属表面,还耗工费时增加成本,因此随着防锈技术的不断发展,人们对防锈液及其成膜的应用要求的逐渐提高,便出现了新型的防锈膜,可剥性防锈膜。其中聚乙烯醇可剥性防锈膜在近年来的应用较为广泛,对可剥性塑料的研究相对来说我国的起步是比较晚的,相关的文献报道也比较少。
郭俊在《PVA水溶性高分子可剥性防锈膜的研制》一文中通过向聚乙烯醇中加入防锈剂及其他添加剂,将其在水浴锅中加热至完全溶解,再利用涂布流延法将其均匀的涂覆在金属表面,在干燥箱中加热烘干成膜,并且利用中性盐雾实验、水溶性测定实验以及电镜实验等对聚乙烯醇防锈包装膜性能进行表征,结果表明,PVA防锈膜不仅具有很好的防锈性能,而且具有很好的可剥性和水溶性,符合绿色包装的特点,具有较好的应用前景,但是文章中是以聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇复配使用作为防锈膜的载体成膜剂,聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇都具有良好的水溶性,并且制备的防锈膜在40℃下冷水中膜不易溶解,但是放到恒温水浴锅中加热至40℃以上的热水中,可以观察到聚乙烯醇薄膜会先逐渐变软,之后膜变得更薄,最后全部溶解,说明该防锈膜具有水溶性,属于高温水溶性膜,可以回收利用,可以在保证常温或40℃以下的温度下运输起到良好的防锈效果,大大限制了防锈膜的应用领域,必须对其进行改性,提高其抗腐蚀、耐油、耐高温和耐水等性能,扩大应用领域,使其满足各种条件下的防锈防腐蚀要求。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜,由下列重量份的原料制备制成:异丙醇铝6.8-7.5、硅烷偶联剂KH560 0.2-0.3、正硅酸四乙酯12-14、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油1.6-1.8、聚乙二醇2-2.5、甲基三甲基硅烷3.6-4、聚乙烯醇15-17、硼砂1.8-2.5、正辛烷14-16、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.4-0.6、磷酸3.5-4、偏铝酸钠3.8-4.5、云母氧化铁1.5-1.8、硼酸酯3-4、磷酸氢二钠1-1.5、硅酸钠2-3、酒石酸2-2.5、三乙醇胺3-4、十二烷基硫酸钠1-1.3、正丁醇适量、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺适量、硝酸适量、盐酸适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜,由以下具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将异丙醇铝与去离子水按照摩尔比1:100混合,在水浴环境85-95℃温度下回流搅拌1-1.5h,然后滴加硝酸调节溶液pH值为3-3.5,继续回流搅拌0.5-1h后用去离子水稀释至固含量为5.4-5.8%,冷却至室温后加入0.5%的硅烷偶联剂KH560乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后静置反应3-5h,备用;
(2)将去离子水和无水乙醇按照摩尔比1:5-8混合,磁力搅拌均匀得到溶液A,将正硅酸四乙酯、无水乙醇按照摩尔比1:15-20混合,磁力搅拌混合均匀得溶液B,将溶液A和溶液B混合置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌,滴加适量盐酸调节pH值为3.5-5.5,其中温度设为30℃,转速为1300-1500r/min,恒温搅拌0.5-1h,待反应结束后加入步骤(1)制备的产物混合搅拌1-1.5h备用;
(3)将聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺按照质量比4:1混合加到去离子水中,搅拌溶解制成乳化剂浓度为9-9.5%的混合溶液,再加入聚乙二醇磁力搅拌至完全溶解后加入75wt%甲基三甲基硅烷溶液,升高温度至30℃,转速为1000-1200r/min,恒温搅拌0.5-1h,待反应结束后冷却至室温备用;
(4)将正辛烷和正丁醇按照体积比10:1混合,再加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸和适量的去离子水搅拌至透明标为混合溶液a,将1/2倍量的混合溶液a中加入偏铝酸钠并搅拌至透明标记为溶液b,以1400-1600r/min的转速将b缓慢滴加到剩余的溶液a中,并加入云母氧化铁反应2-3h,反应结束后陈化,旋蒸、并用去离子水洗涤数次,于真空干燥箱中60℃干燥至恒重,然后将产物置于0.33%的磷酸溶液中搅拌1.5-2h,过滤,将固体物在马弗炉中200-300℃下煅烧3-4h,冷却至室温后粉碎备用;
(5)将聚乙烯醇加到去离子水中,水浴加热至95℃搅拌溶解制成浓度为10-12wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液,再加入步骤(4)制备的产物搅拌混合后置于超声波清洗仪中,在320W的条件下超声15min,分散均匀后加入除硼砂外的其余剩余的物料继续超声10min,然后加入0.5%的硼砂溶液,在55℃下交联反应45min后冷却至室温;
(6)将步骤(2)制备的产物和步骤(3)制备的产物按照质量比2:1混合,在35℃条件下混合搅拌0.5h后加到步骤(5)制备的产物中,然后将复合膜液在超声功率320W条件下超声15min脱泡,然后将复合膜液涂覆在金属工件表面,干燥成膜即可。
本发明的优点是:本发明根据聚乙烯醇由于表面具有大量的羟基,具有良好的成膜性能,通过添加防锈剂和其他添加剂制备出具有防锈性能的可剥性防锈膜,但是因其膜具有水溶性和不耐高温性,导致应用范围受到局限,对此本文采用异丙醇铝为先驱物制备出铝溶胶并且利用硅烷偶联剂对其改性,然后和硅溶胶复合得到改性的硅铝复合溶胶,得到具有良好的分散性、不聚集、不缩聚等特性的复合溶胶,再采用乳液聚合的方法以硅烷单体为原料,正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,制备出稳定的硅烷乳液,将硅烷乳液分散在改性的硅铝复合溶胶中,通过与复合溶胶中颗粒表面大量存在、具有较高活性的羟基反应,使原胶粒表面-Si-OH、-Al-OH-被烷基取代,形成较多的硅氧烷疏水链,提高防水效果,并且分子容易渗透进金属表面,提高聚乙烯醇防锈膜液的粘结性、附着力、耐油、耐水和耐磨等性能,本发明还通过在微乳体系中,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备云母氧化铁/三聚磷酸钠粉末,三聚磷酸铝是一种无极高分子防锈、防腐、耐高温的化工产品,将其包覆在云母氧化铁的表面,能够发挥出更高的防锈性能,并且能够良好的附着在金属基材表面,形成致密的钝化膜,发挥优良的防锈抗腐蚀的作用,本发明制备的防锈剂能够在工件表面形成一层膜,具有良好的缓释、防锈性能,配方经济、功能持久,能满足合金钢和铝合金等的防锈要求和市场的需求。
具体实施方式
一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜,由下列重量份(公斤)的原料制备制成:异丙醇铝6.8、硅烷偶联剂KH560 0.2、正硅酸四乙酯12、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油1.6、聚乙二醇2、甲基三甲基硅烷3.6、聚乙烯醇15、硼砂1.8、正辛烷14、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.4、磷酸3.5、偏铝酸钠3.8、云母氧化铁1.5、硼酸酯3、磷酸氢二钠1、硅酸钠2、酒石酸2、三乙醇胺3、十二烷基硫酸钠1、正丁醇适量、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺适量、硝酸适量、盐酸适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量。
所述一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜,由以下具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将异丙醇铝与去离子水按照摩尔比1:100混合,在水浴环境85℃温度下回流搅拌1h,然后滴加硝酸调节溶液pH值为3,继续回流搅拌0.5h后用去离子水稀释至固含量为5.4%,冷却至室温后加入0.5%的硅烷偶联剂KH560乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后静置反应3h,备用;
(2)将去离子水和无水乙醇按照摩尔比1:5混合,磁力搅拌均匀得到溶液A,将正硅酸四乙酯、无水乙醇按照摩尔比1:15混合,磁力搅拌混合均匀得溶液B,将溶液A和溶液B混合置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌,滴加适量盐酸调节pH值为3.5,其中温度设为30℃,转速为1300r/min,恒温搅拌0.5h,待反应结束后加入步骤(1)制备的产物混合搅拌1h备用;
(3)将聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺按照质量比4:1混合加到去离子水中,搅拌溶解制成乳化剂浓度为9%的混合溶液,再加入聚乙二醇磁力搅拌至完全溶解后加入75wt%甲基三甲基硅烷溶液,升高温度至30℃,转速为1000r/min,恒温搅拌0.5h,待反应结束后冷却至室温备用;
(4)将正辛烷和正丁醇按照体积比10:1混合,再加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸和适量的去离子水搅拌至透明标为混合溶液a,将1/2倍量的混合溶液a中加入偏铝酸钠并搅拌至透明标记为溶液b,以1400r/min的转速将b缓慢滴加到剩余的溶液a中,并加入云母氧化铁反应2h,反应结束后陈化,旋蒸、并用去离子水洗涤数次,于真空干燥箱中60℃干燥至恒重,然后将产物置于0.33%的磷酸溶液中搅拌1.5h,过滤,将固体物在马弗炉中200℃下煅烧3h,冷却至室温后粉碎备用;
(5)将聚乙烯醇加到去离子水中,水浴加热至95℃搅拌溶解制成浓度为10wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液,再加入步骤(4)制备的产物搅拌混合后置于超声波清洗仪中,在320W的条件下超声15min,分散均匀后加入除硼砂外的其余剩余的物料继续超声10min,然后加入0.5%的硼砂溶液,在55℃下交联反应45min后冷却至室温;
(6)将步骤(2)制备的产物和步骤(3)制备的产物按照质量比2:1混合,在35℃条件下混合搅拌0.5h后加到步骤(5)制备的产物中,然后将复合膜液在超声功率320W条件下超声15min脱泡,然后将复合膜液涂覆在金属工件表面,干燥成膜即可。
将清洗干净的金属工件浸渍到按照实施例制备的防锈液中,干燥成膜后进行性能测试,结果如下:
外观:膜光滑完整,无破洞和赘余,不易脱模;硬度:>2H;盐水浸泡试验(3%的氯化钠,25±2℃):>26h,中性盐雾试验(5%氯化钠,35±2℃):>48h;水溶性:>70℃。
Claims (2)
1.一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料制备制成:异丙醇铝6.8-7.5、硅烷偶联剂KH560 0.2-0.3、正硅酸四乙酯12-14、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油1.6-1.8、聚乙二醇2-2.5、甲基三甲基硅烷3.6-4、聚乙烯醇15-17、硼砂1.8-2.5、正辛烷14-16、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.4-0.6、磷酸3.5-4、偏铝酸钠3.8-4.5、云母氧化铁1.5-1.8、硼酸酯3-4、磷酸氢二钠1-1.5、硅酸钠2-3、酒石酸2-2.5、三乙醇胺3-4、十二烷基硫酸钠1-1.3、正丁醇适量、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺适量、硝酸适量、盐酸适量、无水乙醇适量、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种添加三聚磷酸铝缓蚀型可剥性高分子防锈膜,其特征在于,由以下具体步骤制备制成:
(1)将异丙醇铝与去离子水按照摩尔比1:100混合,在水浴环境85-95℃温度下回流搅拌1-1.5h,然后滴加硝酸调节溶液pH值为3-3.5,继续回流搅拌0.5-1h后用去离子水稀释至固含量为5.4-5.8%,冷却至室温后加入0.5%的硅烷偶联剂KH560乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后静置反应3-5h,备用;
(2)将去离子水和无水乙醇按照摩尔比1:5-8混合,磁力搅拌均匀得到溶液A,将正硅酸四乙酯、无水乙醇按照摩尔比1:15-20混合,磁力搅拌混合均匀得溶液B,将溶液A和溶液B混合置于恒温磁力搅拌器中搅拌,滴加适量盐酸调节pH值为3.5-5.5,其中温度设为30℃,转速为1300-1500r/min,恒温搅拌0.5-1h,待反应结束后加入步骤(1)制备的产物混合搅拌1-1.5h备用;
(3)将聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺按照质量比4:1混合加到去离子水中,搅拌溶解制成乳化剂浓度为9-9.5%的混合溶液,再加入聚乙二醇磁力搅拌至完全溶解后加入75wt%甲基三甲基硅烷溶液,升高温度至30℃,转速为1000-1200r/min,恒温搅拌0.5-1h,待反应结束后冷却至室温备用;
(4)将正辛烷和正丁醇按照体积比10:1混合,再加入壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、磷酸和适量的去离子水搅拌至透明标为混合溶液a,将1/2倍量的混合溶液a中加入偏铝酸钠并搅拌至透明标记为溶液b,以1400-1600r/min的转速将b缓慢滴加到剩余的溶液a中,并加入云母氧化铁反应2-3h,反应结束后陈化,旋蒸、并用去离子水洗涤数次,于真空干燥箱中60℃干燥至恒重,然后将产物置于0.33%的磷酸溶液中搅拌1.5-2h,过滤,将固体物在马弗炉中200-300℃下煅烧3-4h,冷却至室温后粉碎备用;
(5)将聚乙烯醇加到去离子水中,水浴加热至95℃搅拌溶解制成浓度为10-12wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液,再加入步骤(4)制备的产物搅拌混合后置于超声波清洗仪中,在320W的条件下超声15min,分散均匀后加入除硼砂外的其余剩余的物料继续超声10min,然后加入0.5%的硼砂溶液,在55℃下交联反应45min后冷却至室温;
(6)将步骤(2)制备的产物和步骤(3)制备的产物按照质量比2:1混合,在35℃条件下混合搅拌0.5h后加到步骤(5)制备的产物中,然后将复合膜液在超声功率320W条件下超声15min脱泡,然后将复合膜液涂覆在金属工件表面,干燥成膜即可。
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