CN106696864B - Low-voltage distribution box of fuel cell electric vehicle and control method thereof - Google Patents
Low-voltage distribution box of fuel cell electric vehicle and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106696864B CN106696864B CN201611260307.0A CN201611260307A CN106696864B CN 106696864 B CN106696864 B CN 106696864B CN 201611260307 A CN201611260307 A CN 201611260307A CN 106696864 B CN106696864 B CN 106696864B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
- B60R16/0238—Electrical distribution centers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
- B60R16/0239—Electronic boxes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-voltage distribution box of a fuel cell electric vehicle, which comprises a shell, a constant-voltage power distribution circuit, an ACC gear power distribution circuit, a first low-voltage distribution relay, an ON gear power distribution circuit, a second low-voltage distribution relay, a third low-voltage distribution relay and a plurality of safety pieces, wherein the constant-voltage power distribution circuit, the ACC gear power distribution circuit, the first low-voltage distribution relay, the ON gear power distribution circuit, the second low-voltage distribution relay, the third low-voltage distribution relay and the safety pieces are arranged in the shell; the front end of the constant electric power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the rear end is connected with the load component after being provided with the safety disc with corresponding specification; the front ends of the ACC gear power distribution circuit and the ON gear power distribution circuit are respectively connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery through a first low-voltage distribution relay and a second low-voltage distribution relay, and the rear ends of the ACC gear power distribution circuit and the ON gear power distribution circuit are provided with safety plates with corresponding specifications and then are connected with load components; the whole vehicle controller is connected with the ACC gear switch and the ON gear switch, the output ends of the whole vehicle controller are respectively connected with the first low-voltage distribution relay and the third low-voltage distribution relay, and the third low-voltage distribution relay is connected with the second low-voltage distribution relay. The invention also provides a control method of the low-voltage distribution box.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-voltage power distribution of electric buses, in particular to a low-voltage power distribution box of a fuel cell electric car and a control method thereof.
Background
The low-voltage power distribution system of the existing fuel cell electric vehicle adopts distributed low-voltage power distribution, a fuel cell stack, a heat dissipation system, a high-voltage DC/DC, a pre-charging box, a power battery system, a motor all-in-one controller, a low-voltage DC/DC converter and other fuel cell system components, namely a vehicle key switch is adopted for distributed power supply, namely, a safety is added on a wire harness, and a relay is added. The distribution relays and the safety sheets of the distribution mode are distributed everywhere, the wiring harness is complex in design and disordered in wiring, and when a vehicle has a problem, the problem is difficult to check; there is a risk that the insulation layer wears to cause short circuit of the line, thereby causing combustion of the vehicle; because the wiring is disordered, the electromagnetic interference of the whole vehicle can be larger, and improvement is needed to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a low-voltage distribution box of a fuel cell electric vehicle and a control method thereof, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-voltage distribution box of a fuel cell electric vehicle comprises a shell, a constant-voltage power distribution circuit, an ACC gear power distribution circuit, a first low-voltage distribution relay, an ON gear power distribution circuit, a second low-voltage distribution relay, a third low-voltage distribution relay and a plurality of safety plates; the constant electric power distribution circuit, the ACC gear power distribution circuit, the first low-voltage distribution relay, the ON gear power distribution circuit, the second low-voltage distribution relay, the third low-voltage distribution relay and the plurality of safety pieces are all arranged in the shell; the front end of the constant electric power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the rear end of the constant electric power distribution circuit is provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification and then is connected with the load component; the front end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery through a first low-voltage distribution relay, and the rear end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit is connected with a load component after being provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification; the front end of the ON-gear power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery through a second low-voltage distribution relay, and the rear end of the ON-gear power distribution circuit is connected with a load component after being provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification; the whole vehicle controller is connected with the ACC gear switch and the ON gear switch and is used for receiving command signals, the output end of the whole vehicle controller is respectively connected with the first low-voltage distribution relay and the third low-voltage distribution relay, and the opening and the closing of the first low-voltage distribution relay and the third low-voltage distribution relay are controlled according to the received command signals; the third low-voltage distribution relay is used for controlling the opening and closing of the second low-voltage distribution relay.
Further, the first low-voltage distribution relay and the second low-voltage distribution relay adopt 24V/250A relays; the third low-voltage distribution relay adopts a 24V/20A relay.
Furthermore, the back end of the constant electric power distribution circuit, the ACC gear power distribution circuit and the ON gear power distribution circuit is provided with a plurality of power output ports and reserved expansion ports.
Further, the vehicle controller is connected with the fourth low-voltage distribution relay and used for controlling the opening and closing of the fourth low-voltage distribution relay; the fourth low-voltage distribution relay is used for controlling the opening and closing of the first low-voltage distribution relay.
Further, the fourth low-voltage distribution relay adopts a 24V/20A relay.
Further, the load component of the constant electric power distribution circuit comprises a whole vehicle controller, a power battery system, a motor all-in-one controller and a low-voltage DC/DC converter; the load component of the ON-gear power distribution circuit comprises a fuel cell stack, a heat dissipation system, a high-voltage DC/DC converter and a pre-charging box; the load component of the ACC gear power distribution circuit comprises a fuel cell stack.
Further, the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is sequentially connected with the main power switch and the main safety piece and then is respectively connected with the front end of the constant power supply distribution circuit, the first low-voltage distribution relay and the second low-voltage distribution relay.
Further, the total rupture disc adopts a 250A rupture disc.
The invention also provides a control method of the low-voltage distribution box of the fuel cell electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the output end of the constant-power supply distribution circuit directly supplies power to the corresponding load component;
s2: closing an ACC gear switch;
s3: the whole vehicle controller controls the first low-voltage distribution relay to be closed, so that the output end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit supplies power to the corresponding load component;
s4: the ON gear switch is closed;
s5: the whole vehicle controller controls the third low-voltage distribution relay to be closed, and the third low-voltage distribution relay controls the second low-voltage distribution relay to be closed, so that the output end of the ON-gear power distribution circuit supplies power to the corresponding load component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. all the low-voltage distribution relays and the safety plates with various specifications are integrated in one distribution box, so that the vehicle low-voltage power supply circuit inspection is facilitated.
2. The integrated low-voltage distribution box has the advantages that the wire harness of the whole car is simple in design, the wire harness is easy to arrange, and the mess fee of the wire harness is saved.
3. The integrated low-voltage distribution box is beneficial to controlling electromagnetic interference of the whole vehicle.
4. The ACC power distribution circuit and the ON power distribution circuit can be used for distributing large current, and the whole vehicle controller controls the 2-gear power supply, so that low-voltage power distribution is safer and more controllable.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage electrical system;
fig. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of a low voltage electrical distribution box of a fuel cell electric vehicle.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a low voltage distribution box of a fuel cell electric vehicle includes a housing, a constant power distribution circuit, an ACC gear power distribution circuit, a first low voltage distribution relay K1, an ON gear power distribution circuit, a second low voltage distribution relay K2, a third low voltage distribution relay K3, and a plurality of safety plates; the constant electric power distribution circuit, the ACC gear power distribution circuit, the first low-voltage distribution relay K1, the ON gear power distribution circuit, the second low-voltage distribution relay K2, the third low-voltage distribution relay K3 and the plurality of safety pieces are all arranged in the shell; the front end of the constant electric power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the rear end of the constant electric power distribution circuit is provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification and then is connected with the load component; the front end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery through a first low-voltage distribution relay K1, and the rear end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit is connected with a load component after being provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification; the front end of the ON gear power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery through a second low-voltage distribution relay K2, and the rear end of the ON gear power distribution circuit is connected with a load component after being provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification; the whole vehicle controller is connected with the ACC gear switch and the ON gear switch and is used for receiving command signals, the output end of the whole vehicle controller is respectively connected with the first low-voltage distribution relay K1 and the third low-voltage distribution relay K3, and the opening and the closing of the first low-voltage distribution relay K1 and the third low-voltage distribution relay K3 are controlled according to the received command signals; the third low-voltage distribution relay K3 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the second low-voltage distribution relay K2.
As shown in fig. 1, one of the coil pins of the third low-voltage distribution relay K3 is connected to the whole vehicle controller, the other coil pin is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the common pin is grounded, the normally open pin is connected to one of the coil pins of the second low-voltage distribution relay K2, the other coil pin of the second low-voltage distribution relay K2 is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the common pin is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the normally open pin is connected to the ON-stage power distribution circuit. When the whole vehicle controller gives out a low-level instruction signal of a third low-voltage distribution relay K3, the third low-voltage distribution relay K3 is closed, and the second low-voltage distribution relay K2 is closed, so that an ON-gear power distribution circuit is electrified; one coil pin of the first low-voltage distribution relay K1 is connected with the whole vehicle controller, the other coil pin is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the normally open pin is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the common pin is connected with an ACC gear power distribution circuit, when the whole vehicle controller gives out a low-level instruction signal of the first low-voltage distribution relay K1, the first low-voltage distribution relay K1 is closed, and therefore the ACC gear power distribution circuit is electrified.
The first low-voltage distribution relay K1 and the second low-voltage distribution relay K2 are 24V/250A relays, and the third low-voltage distribution relay K3 is 24V/20A relays.
The power distribution circuit of the constant electric power, the power distribution circuit of the ACC gear and the power distribution circuit of the ON gear are provided with a plurality of power output ports and reserved expansion ports at the rear end.
The back end of the constant electric power distribution circuit can be provided with 5 paths of ATS fuses with corresponding specifications for supplying power to corresponding load components at most according to requirements, wherein the output end T2 of the constant electric power distribution circuit is provided with a 60A fuse as a reserved expansion port.
The rear end of the ACC power distribution circuit can be provided with 4 paths of corresponding ATS insurance sheets to supply power to corresponding load components according to requirements, wherein the output end T4 of the ACC power distribution circuit is provided with a 60A insurance sheet, T5 of the ACC power distribution circuit is provided with a 150A insurance sheet, and T6 of the ACC power distribution circuit is provided with a 60A insurance sheet as a reserved expansion port.
The back end of the ON-gear power distribution circuit can be provided with 12 paths of corresponding ATS insurance sheets to supply power to corresponding load components according to requirements, wherein the output end T7 of the ON-gear power distribution circuit is provided with a 150A insurance sheet as a reserved expansion port.
As shown in fig. 2, considering the current expansion of the extended ACC power supply and distribution circuit, a fourth low-voltage distribution relay K4 is further added, one coil pin of the fourth low-voltage distribution relay K4 is connected to the whole vehicle controller, the other coil pin is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the normally open pin is grounded, the common pin is connected to one coil pin of the first low-voltage distribution relay K1, the other coil pin of the first low-voltage distribution relay K1 is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, the common pin is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the normally open pin is connected to the ACC power supply and distribution circuit. When the whole vehicle controller gives a low-level command signal to the fourth low-voltage distribution relay K4, the fourth low-voltage distribution relay K4 is closed, and the first low-voltage distribution relay K1 is closed, so that the ACC gear power distribution circuit is electrified.
The fourth low-voltage distribution relay K4 adopts a 24V/20A relay.
The load component of the constant electric power distribution circuit comprises a whole vehicle controller, a power battery system, a motor all-in-one controller and a low-voltage DC/DC converter. An output end T3 of the constant electric power distribution circuit is provided with a copper sheet which is connected with the output end of the low-voltage DC/DC converter, and an output end F12 of the constant electric power distribution circuit is provided with a 20A safety sheet to provide constant electric power for the whole vehicle controller; the output end F11 of the constant electric power supply distribution circuit is provided with a 20A safety disc for providing constant electric power for the power battery system; and an output end F10 of the constant electric power distribution circuit is provided with a 10A safety sheet to provide constant electric power for the motor all-in-one controller and the low-voltage DC/DC converter.
The load component of the ON-gear power distribution circuit comprises a fuel cell stack, a heat dissipation system, a high-voltage DC/DC converter and a pre-charging box. The output ends T8 and T9 of the ON-level power distribution circuit are respectively provided with an 80A rupture disc for providing an ON-level power supply for the fuel cell stack; an output end F7 of the ON-stage power distribution circuit is provided with a 10A safety sheet for providing an ON-stage power supply for the high-voltage DC/DC converter; an output end F8 of the ON-gear power distribution circuit is provided with a 10A safety disc for providing an ON-gear power supply for the pre-charging box; the output end F9 of the ON-gear power distribution circuit is provided with a 5A safety disc for providing an ON-gear power for a battery system; the output ends F1, F2, F3 and F4 of the ON-level power distribution circuit are respectively provided with a 30A safety piece for providing an ON-level power supply for the heat dissipation system; the output ends F5 and F6 of the ON-stage power distribution circuit are respectively provided with a 30A rupture disc for providing the ON-stage power for the fuel cell stack.
The load component of the ACC gear power distribution circuit comprises a fuel cell stack. And an output end F13 of the ACC gear power distribution circuit is provided with a 10A safety disc for providing ACC gear power for the fuel cell stack.
As shown in fig. 1, the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is sequentially connected with a whole vehicle main power switch and is respectively connected with the front end of a normal power supply distribution circuit, a first low-voltage distribution relay K1 and a second low-voltage distribution relay K2 after a main safety piece of 250A is installed.
The invention also provides a control method of the low-voltage distribution box of the fuel cell electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the low-voltage distribution box can be provided with 3 power supplies:
the power supply method of the 1 st constant power supply comprises the following steps: the constant-power distribution circuit is connected with the anode of the lead-acid battery, and the output end directly supplies power to the corresponding load component;
the power supply method of the 2 nd ACC gear power supply comprises the following steps: the ACC gear switch is closed, the whole vehicle controller receives the instruction signal and controls the first low-voltage relay K1 to be closed, so that an ACC gear power distribution circuit supplies power to corresponding load components;
the power supply method of the 3 rd ON gear power supply comprises the following steps: the ON gear switch is closed, the whole vehicle controller receives the instruction signal, controls the third low-voltage relay K3 to be closed, and controls the second low-voltage relay K2 to be closed, so that the ON gear power distribution circuit supplies power to the corresponding load component.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a fuel cell electric motor car low voltage distribution box which characterized in that: the high-voltage power distribution relay comprises a shell, a constant-voltage power distribution circuit, an ACC gear power distribution circuit, a first low-voltage power distribution relay, an ON gear power distribution circuit, a second low-voltage power distribution relay, a third low-voltage power distribution relay and a plurality of safety pieces; the constant electric power distribution circuit, the ACC gear power distribution circuit, the first low-voltage distribution relay, the ON gear power distribution circuit, the second low-voltage distribution relay, the third low-voltage distribution relay and the plurality of safety pieces are all arranged in the shell; the front end of the constant electric power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the rear end of the constant electric power distribution circuit is provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification and then is connected with the load component; the front end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery through a first low-voltage distribution relay, and the rear end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit is connected with a load component after being provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification; the front end of the ON-gear power distribution circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery through a second low-voltage distribution relay, and the rear end of the ON-gear power distribution circuit is connected with a load component after being provided with a safety disc with corresponding specification; the whole vehicle controller is connected with the ACC gear switch and the ON gear switch and is used for receiving command signals, the output end of the whole vehicle controller is respectively connected with the first low-voltage distribution relay and the third low-voltage distribution relay, and the opening and the closing of the first low-voltage distribution relay and the third low-voltage distribution relay are controlled according to the received command signals; the third low-voltage distribution relay is used for controlling the opening and closing of the second low-voltage distribution relay;
the lead-acid battery is characterized by further comprising a main power switch and a main safety piece, wherein the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery is sequentially connected with the main power switch and the front end of a constant-power distribution circuit, a first low-voltage distribution relay and a second low-voltage distribution relay after the main safety piece are respectively connected with the lead-acid battery.
2. The fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage distribution box of claim 1, wherein: the first low-voltage distribution relay and the second low-voltage distribution relay adopt 24V/250A relays; the third low-voltage distribution relay adopts a 24V/20A relay.
3. The fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage distribution box of claim 1, wherein: the power distribution circuit of the constant electric power, the power distribution circuit of the ACC gear and the power distribution circuit of the ON gear are provided with a plurality of power output ports and reserved expansion ports at the rear end.
4. The fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage distribution box of claim 1, wherein: further comprising a fourth low voltage distribution relay; the whole vehicle controller is connected with the fourth low-voltage distribution relay and used for controlling the fourth low-voltage distribution relay to be opened and closed;
the fourth low-voltage distribution relay is used for controlling the opening and closing of the first low-voltage distribution relay.
5. The fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage distribution box of claim 4 wherein: the fourth low-voltage distribution relay adopts a 24V/20A relay.
6. The fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage distribution box of claim 1, wherein: the load component of the constant-voltage power supply distribution circuit comprises a whole vehicle controller, a power battery system, a motor all-in-one controller and a low-voltage DC/DC converter; the load component of the ON-gear power distribution circuit comprises a fuel cell stack, a heat dissipation system, a high-voltage DC/DC converter and a pre-charging box; the load component of the ACC gear power distribution circuit comprises a fuel cell stack.
7. The fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage distribution box of claim 6, wherein: the total rupture disc adopts a 250A rupture disc.
8. A fuel cell electric vehicle low voltage distribution box control method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: the output end of the constant-power supply distribution circuit directly supplies power to the corresponding load component;
s2: closing an ACC gear switch;
s3: the whole vehicle controller controls the first low-voltage distribution relay to be closed, so that the output end of the ACC gear power distribution circuit supplies power to the corresponding load component;
s4: the ON gear switch is closed;
s5: the whole vehicle controller controls the third low-voltage distribution relay to be closed, and the third low-voltage distribution relay controls the second low-voltage distribution relay to be closed, so that the output end of the ON-gear power distribution circuit supplies power to the corresponding load component.
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| CN201611260307.0A CN106696864B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | Low-voltage distribution box of fuel cell electric vehicle and control method thereof |
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| CN201611260307.0A CN106696864B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | Low-voltage distribution box of fuel cell electric vehicle and control method thereof |
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| CN106696864B true CN106696864B (en) | 2023-06-16 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112078434B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2024-05-24 | 武汉海亿新能源科技有限公司 | Power-on and power-off control method and device for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle |
| CN116749898A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-15 | 大连擎研科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system low-voltage safe box with diagnosis function |
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| CN106696864A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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