CN106544787A - 一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:将聚乳酸与纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂高温熔融混合后纺丝,制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;将多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合后制得纤维网;将淀粉、羟甲基纤维素加入到水中,加热混合保温,加入除虫剂和肥料搅拌混合,得粘合剂;将纤维网用除草剂浸泡,取出后干燥,用粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出。本发明提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,所用原料具有安全、环保,可完全生物降解的特点,其生产工艺操作简单、成本低,所得新材料具有抗良好老化效果和阻燃效果好,能够自然降解,降解后可作土地或农作物的肥料、具有良好的除虫、除草效果,可得广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非织造新材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺。
背景技术
非织造布是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物,只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机撑列,形成纤网结构,然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。它直接利用高聚物切片、短纤维或长丝通过各种纤网成形方法和固结技术形成的具有柔软、透气和平面结构的新型纤维制品。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理,并具有工艺流程短、生产速度快,产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。目前非织造布广泛的应用于医疗卫生、家庭装饰、工业、农业及其他领域。其中,作为作物保护布、育秧布、灌溉布及保温幕帘等农业用非织布的使用极大的提高了农作物的产量及质量,促进了农业生产的发展。随着非织造布的普遍应用,随之而来的污染问题也显得尤为突出,我国作为农作物大国,农业用非织布用量极大,由于其不可降解性,给环境带来了极大的污染,同时使土地质量逐年下降。生物可降解高分子材料,是一种环保高分子材料,是在一定条件下,能在微生物分泌酶的作用下由大分子分解为小分子的材料。在一次性用品、日常生活用品、农业用品、纺织及其相关科学领域,都引起了极大的关注,生物可降解高分子材料极大地改善了原来的高分子材料使用后无法自然分解而产生大量废弃物的缺陷,能从根本上解决废气物所造成的环境问题。因此,研发可生物降解的非织造新材料是当前农业用非织布方面研究的重点。基于上述陈述,本发明提出了一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点,而提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺。
一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备多功能聚乳酸纤维:将聚乳酸在高温下加热熔融,加入纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂,以350~550r/min的转速高速搅拌30~50min,混合均匀后,纺丝制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;
S2、制备纤维网:将步骤S1所得的多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合,混合均匀后经梳棉机梳理重叠成网,制得纤维网;
S3、制备粘合剂:将20~40份的淀粉、18~30份的羟甲基纤维素加入到30~50份的水中,加热至75~105℃,边加热边以200~400r/min的转速进行搅拌,搅拌30~50min后保温,加入2~6份的除虫剂和8~15份的肥料继续搅拌混合1~2h,得粘合剂;
S4、将步骤S2中所得的纤维网用除草剂浸泡6~8h,取出后在50~70℃的环境下干燥1.5~3h,将烘干的纤维网用步骤S3中所得的粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出,在90~110℃下烘干即得。
优选的,所述步骤S1中聚乳酸、纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂的质量比为15~25:0.3~0.6:0.5~0.8。
优选的,所述步骤S2中多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维的质量比为3.2~4.8:0.8~1.2。
优选的,所述步骤S3中肥料指经压榨处理后的菜籽油渣和经堆肥处理后的废渣。
优选的,所述步骤S3中各原料的重量分为:淀粉30份、羟甲基纤维素22份、水40份、除虫剂4份、肥料12份。
优选的,所述步骤S4中除草剂的用量需淹没纤维网后高出1~2cm。
优选的,所述步骤S4中粘合剂的用量为200~400ml/m2。
本发明提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,所用原料具有安全、环保,可完全生物降解的特点,通过制备多功能聚乳酸纤维和天然纤维混合成网后,用除草剂浸泡后,用粘合剂压合而得,其生产工艺操作简单、成本低,本发明生产的非织造新材料具有抗老化效果和阻燃效果好的优点,其良好的生物降解性,能够自然降解,降解后可作土地或农作物的肥料、具有良好的除虫、除草效果,本发明生产的具有降解功能的非织造新材料,无论是生产过程中还是使用降解后都不会对环境造成任何污染,可得广泛应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解说。
实施例一
本发明提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备多功能聚乳酸纤维:按质量比18:0.4:0.7,将聚乳酸在高温下加热熔融,加入纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂,以400r/min的转速高速搅拌40min,混合均匀后,纺丝制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;
S2、制备纤维网:按质量比4:0.9,将步骤S1所得的多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合,混合均匀后经梳棉机梳理重叠成网,制得纤维网;
S3、制备粘合剂:将30份的淀粉、20份的羟甲基纤维素加入到40份的水中,加热至80℃,边加热边以300r/min的转速进行搅拌,搅拌35min后保温,加入4份的除虫剂和12份的经压榨处理后的菜籽油渣和经堆肥处理后的废渣,继续搅拌混合1.2h,得粘合剂;
S4、将步骤S2中所得的纤维网用除草剂浸泡,除草剂的用量需淹没纤维网后高出1cm,浸泡7h,取出后在55℃的环境下干燥2h,将烘干的纤维网用步骤S3中所得的粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出,粘合剂的用量为300ml/m2,在100℃下烘干即得。
实施例二
本发明提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备多功能聚乳酸纤维:按质量比15:0.3:0.5,将聚乳酸在高温下加热熔融,加入纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂,以550r/min的转速高速搅拌35min,混合均匀后,纺丝制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;
S2、制备纤维网:按质量比3.5:1.2,将步骤S1所得的多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合,混合均匀后经梳棉机梳理重叠成网,制得纤维网;
S3、制备粘合剂:将25份的淀粉、18份的羟甲基纤维素加入到35份的水中,加热至85℃,边加热边以200r/min的转速进行搅拌,搅拌40min后保温,加入2份的除虫剂和10份的经压榨处理后的菜籽油渣和经堆肥处理后的废渣,继续搅拌混合2h,得粘合剂;
S4、将步骤S2中所得的纤维网用除草剂浸泡,除草剂的用量需淹没纤维网后高出2cm,浸泡6.5h,取出后在70℃的环境下干燥1.5h,将烘干的纤维网用步骤S3中所得的粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出,粘合剂的用量为250ml/m2,在105℃下烘干即得。
实施例三
本发明提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备多功能聚乳酸纤维:按质量比22:0.5:0.8,将聚乳酸在高温下加热熔融,加入纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂,以500r/min的转速高速搅拌50min,混合均匀后,纺丝制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;
S2、制备纤维网:按质量比4.5:1,将步骤S1所得的多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合,混合均匀后经梳棉机梳理重叠成网,制得纤维网;
S3、制备粘合剂:将35份的淀粉、25份的羟甲基纤维素加入到50份的水中,加热至90℃,边加热边以400r/min的转速进行搅拌,搅拌30min后保温,加入5份的除虫剂和8份的经压榨处理后的菜籽油渣和经堆肥处理后的废渣,继续搅拌混合1.8h,得粘合剂;
S4、将步骤S2中所得的纤维网用除草剂浸泡,除草剂的用量需淹没纤维网后高出2cm,浸泡8h,取出后在60℃的环境下干燥2.2h,将烘干的纤维网用步骤S3中所得的粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出,粘合剂的用量为400ml/m2,在110℃下烘干即得。
实施例四
本发明提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备多功能聚乳酸纤维:按质量比25:0.6:0.6,将聚乳酸在高温下加热熔融,加入纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂,以350r/min的转速高速搅拌45min,混合均匀后,纺丝制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;
S2、制备纤维网:按质量比3.2:0.8,将步骤S1所得的多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合,混合均匀后经梳棉机梳理重叠成网,制得纤维网;
S3、制备粘合剂:将40份的淀粉、30份的羟甲基纤维素加入到30份的水中,加热至105℃,边加热边以250r/min的转速进行搅拌,搅拌45min后保温,加入3份的除虫剂和15份的经压榨处理后的菜籽油渣和经堆肥处理后的废渣,继续搅拌混合1h,得粘合剂;
S4、将步骤S2中所得的纤维网用除草剂浸泡,除草剂的用量需淹没纤维网后高出1cm,浸泡7.5h,取出后在65℃的环境下干燥3h,将烘干的纤维网用步骤S3中所得的粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出,粘合剂的用量为200ml/m2,在95℃下烘干即得。
实施例五
本发明提出的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备多功能聚乳酸纤维:按质量比20:0.3:0.6,将聚乳酸在高温下加热熔融,加入纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂,以450r/min的转速高速搅拌30min,混合均匀后,纺丝制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;
S2、制备纤维网:按质量比4.8:1.1,将步骤S1所得的多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合,混合均匀后经梳棉机梳理重叠成网,制得纤维网;
S3、制备粘合剂:将20份的淀粉、28份的羟甲基纤维素加入到45份的水中,加热至75℃,边加热边以350r/min的转速进行搅拌,搅拌50min后保温,加入6份的除虫剂和14份的经压榨处理后的菜籽油渣和经堆肥处理后的废渣,继续搅拌混合1.5h,得粘合剂;
S4、将步骤S2中所得的纤维网用除草剂浸泡,除草剂的用量需淹没纤维网后高出2cm,浸泡6h,取出后在50℃的环境下干燥2.8h,将烘干的纤维网用步骤S3中所得的粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出,粘合剂的用量为350ml/m2,在90℃下烘干即得。
分别测本发明实施例一~五生产出的具有降解功能的非织造新材料在土壤中的降解率,记录如下:
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、制备多功能聚乳酸纤维:将聚乳酸在高温下加热熔融,加入纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂,以350~550r/min的转速高速搅拌30~50min,混合均匀后,纺丝制得多功能聚乳酸纤维;
S2、制备纤维网:将步骤S1所得的多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维进行混合,混合均匀后经梳棉机梳理重叠成网,制得纤维网;
S3、制备粘合剂:将20~40份的淀粉、18~30份的羟甲基纤维素加入到30~50份的水中,加热至75~105℃,边加热边以200~400r/min的转速进行搅拌,搅拌30~50min后保温,加入2~6份的除虫剂和8~15份的肥料继续搅拌混合1~2h,得粘合剂;
S4、将步骤S2中所得的纤维网用除草剂浸泡6~8h,取出后在50~70℃的环境下干燥1.5~3h,将烘干的纤维网用步骤S3中所得的粘合剂浸渍后经胶辊挤压输出,在90~110℃下烘干即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中聚乳酸、纳米二氧化钛和阻燃剂的质量比为15~25:0.3~0.6:0.5~0.8。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中多功能聚乳酸纤维与天然纤维的质量比为3.2~4.8:0.8~1.2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中肥料指经压榨处理后的菜籽油渣和经堆肥处理后的废渣。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中各原料的重量分为:淀粉30份、羟甲基纤维素22份、水40份、除虫剂4份、肥料12份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中除草剂的用量需淹没纤维网后高出1~2cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降解功能的非织造新材料的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中粘合剂的用量为200~400ml/m2。
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