CN106400494A - 一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于纺织浆料技术领域,涉及一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料及其制备方法,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:改性淀粉40‑60重量份、无机纳米粒子5‑15重量份、有机硅消泡剂3‑5重量份、动物纤维3‑5重量份、蛋白氨基酸8‑12重量份、聚丙烯酸酯3‑5重量份、无机矿物粉3‑8重量份或酰胺5‑15重量份;其中所述改性淀粉为纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉和糖化酶改性淀粉的混合物,其中,纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为(20‑30):1。选用二氧化硅改性淀粉和糖化酶淀粉为原料制备纺织浆料,使得纺织浆料易降解,对环境友好,不污染环境,有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织浆料技术领域,涉及一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
如今,纺织工业正向着“绿色、环保”的方向发展,绿色浆料、绿色纤维逐渐被开发应用到生产当中。经纱上浆可提高纱线的耐磨性,减少毛羽,提高纱线的可织性。丙烯酸浆料,与淀粉类浆料、聚乙烯醇(PV A)浆料并列为纺织用三大浆料,其中淀粉是天然多糖类高聚物,浆料成膜性好,与天然纤维亲和力强,易于退浆;但淀粉浆料浆纱强力不够,不耐磨,而且与涤纶纤维亲合力不够;聚乙烯醇浆料浆膜强力大,柔韧性好,浆液流动性好,但聚乙烯醇难以退浆,且对环境污染大;聚丙烯酸浆料是丙烯酸类单体的均聚物、共聚物和共混物的总称,其粘度较低、流动性好,对合成纤维有良好的粘附性,能与淀粉、PVA浆料很好地混用,适用于各类纤维的经纱上浆,但是聚丙烯酸浆料价格高昂,推高印染企业。聚丙烯酸类浆料和淀粉类浆料因生物降解性能良好,被公认为是环保型浆料,而作为主浆料的PVA,因其生物降解性较差,严重危害生态环境,因此被认为是环境污染浆料。目前,PVA已经被发达国家所禁用,我国也面临着寻找PVA替代产品的难题,少用或不用PVA是纺织浆料的发展方向,中国棉纺织行业协会自1997年起,就开始倡导不用、少用PVA的上浆工艺。因此,无PVA添加新型环保浆料的研发亟待加强,对于我国纺织产业的良性发展具有重要的战略意义。
纳米技术近年来的异军突起,在涂料、医学、建筑等领域都发挥了巨大的作用,但应用于纺织浆料上的研究还不是很多,但它为纺织用浆料未来的发展带来新的希望。无机纳米粒子如纳米TiO2、纳米SiO2等具有具有比表面积大、界面性能好等优点,分散性、悬浮性、粘结性、增稠性和触变性能优异,采用在淀粉或浆液丙烯酸中加入纳米级无机浆料添加剂是替代PVA的一种可行方法,符合相关产业政策和行业发展方向。在淀粉或丙烯酸浆料中添加适量无机纳米粒子所制得的新型聚合物/无机纳米复合浆料可望极大地提高浆纱的拉伸强力、韧性、耐磨性以及分纱滑爽性,从而明显改善纱线的综合织造性能,对纺织业的发展具有极其重要的意义,从而产生良好的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料及其制备方法,所述淀粉纺织浆料对环境友好,环保无污染。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一方面,本发明提供一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
其中所述改性淀粉为纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉和糖化酶改性淀粉的混合物,其中,纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为(20-30):1。
在本发明中,利用糖化酶对淀粉进行酶解,能够保留淀粉中的抗性淀粉,对非抗性淀粉进行改性,使得改性后的淀粉颗粒出现孔洞,减弱淀粉颗粒结构的内部氢键强度,颗粒形态更加圆滑,粒径有所减小,且分布较为均匀,而纳米二氧化硅有助于淀粉在浆料中的分散,一定程度上也提高了浆料的上浆性能,同时加入无机纳米离子,能显著改善淀粉浆膜表面和断裂截面以及浆纱表面的平滑性和均匀性,不仅如此,三者相互作用,还可以增强纺织浆料的上浆效果,尤其是粘度热稳定性、粘附力和浆砂断裂伸长率。本发明选用有机硅消泡剂作为消泡剂,能够有效地消除上浆过程中产生的泡沫,使浆料更充分的与织物接触,提高上浆效率,节约浆料。
所述改性淀粉例如可以是40重量份、41重量份、42重量份、43重量份、44重量份、45重量份、46重量份、47重量份、48重量份、49重量份、50重量份、51重量份、52重量份、53重量份、54重量份、55重量份、56重量份、57重量份、58重量份、59重量份或60重量份。
所述无机纳米粒子例如可以是5重量份、6重量份、7重量份、8重量份、9重量份、10重量份、11重量份、12重量份、13重量份、14重量份或15重量份。
所述有机硅消泡剂例如可以是3重量份、4重量份或5重量份。
所述动物纤维例如可以是3重量份、4重量份或5重量份。
所述蛋白氨基酸例如可以是8重量份、9重量份、10重量份、11重量份或12重量份。
所述聚丙烯酸酯例如可以是3重量份、4重量份或5重量份。
所述无机矿物粉例如可以是3重量份、4重量份、5重量份、6重量份、7重量份或8重量份。
所述酰胺例如可以是5重量份、6重量份、7重量份、8重量份、9重量份、10重量份、11重量份、12重量份、13重量份、14重量份或15重量份。
所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为20:1、21:1、22:1、23:1、24:1、25:1、26:1、27:1、28:1、29:1或30:1。
优选地,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
优选地,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为(25-28):1,优选为27:1。
优选地,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉为将淀粉和纳米二氧化硅混合后加入去离子水中,进行水解干燥提纯后获得。
优选地,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为(70-85):1,例如可以是70:1、71:1、72:1、73:1、74:1、75:1、76:1、77:1、78:1、79:1、80:1、81:1、82:1、83:1、84:1或85:1,优选为78:1。
优选地,所述糖化酶改性淀粉通过将糖化酶加入淀粉中进行酶解得到。
优选地,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为(80-90):1,例如可以是80:1、81:1、82:1、83:1、84:1、85:1、86:1、87:1、88:1、89:1或90:1,优选为86:1。
优选地,所述无机纳米粒子为纳米碳酸钙和/或纳米二氧化钛。
优选地,所述无机纳米粒子的粒径为10-30nm,例如可以是10nm、11nm、12nm、13nm、14nm、15nm、16nm、17nm、18nm、19nm、20nm、21nm、22nm、23nm、24nm、25nm、26nm、27nm、28nm、29nm或30nm,优选为13-25nm,进一步优选为20nm。
优选地,所述无机矿物粉为凹凸棒石粘土、膨润土或蒙脱土中的任意一种或至少两种的混合。
优选地,所述无机矿物粉的粒径为30-70nm,例如可以是30nm、31nm、32nm、33nm、35nm、36nm、38nm、40nm、42nm、45nm、48nm、50nm、52nm、55nm、58nm、60nm、62nm、65nm、68nm或70nm,优选为45-60nm,进一步优选为53nm。
优选地,所述酰胺为尿素。
第二方面,本发明提供一种如第一方面所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将配方量的改性淀粉和无机纳米粒子加入反应釜,搅拌10-30nm;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应物料中加入有机硅消泡剂、动物纤维、蛋白氨基酸、聚丙烯酸酯、无机矿物分和酰胺,混合均匀后,升温烧煮,常压烧浆闷20-40min即可得到所述淀粉纺织浆料。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明选用有机硅消泡剂作为消泡剂,能够有效地消除上浆过程中产生的泡沫,使浆料更充分的与织物接触,提高上浆效率,节约浆料;
(2)本发明中纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉、糖化酶改性淀粉和无机纳米粒子相互促进,协同作用,提高了浆料的上浆性能,尤其粘度热稳定性达到90%以上,粘附力达到54.3N以上,浆砂断裂伸长率达到88%以上,浆膜断裂伸长率达到89%以上,可见三者相互作用共同促进了纺织浆料的性能;
(3)本发明中,选用二氧化硅改性淀粉和糖化酶淀粉为原料制备纺织浆料,使得纺织浆料易降解,对环境友好,不污染环境,有广泛的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
在本实施例中,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
其中,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为27:1,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为78:1,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为86:1,所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为20nm,所述膨润土的粒径为53nm。
制备方法如下:
(1)将配方量的改性淀粉和无机纳米粒子加入反应釜,搅拌20nm;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应物料中加入有机硅消泡剂、动物纤维、蛋白氨基酸、聚丙烯酸酯、无机矿物分和酰胺,混合均匀后,升温烧煮,常压烧浆闷30min即可得到所述淀粉纺织浆料。
实施例2
在本实施例中,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
其中,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为20:1,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为70:1,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为80:1,所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为10nm,所述膨润土的粒径为30nm。
制备方法如下:
(1)将配方量的改性淀粉和无机纳米粒子加入反应釜,搅拌10nm;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应物料中加入有机硅消泡剂、动物纤维、蛋白氨基酸、聚丙烯酸酯、无机矿物分和酰胺,混合均匀后,升温烧煮,常压烧浆闷40min即可得到所述淀粉纺织浆料。
实施例3
在本实施例中,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
其中,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为30:1,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为85:1,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为90:1,所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为30nm,所述凹凸棒土的粒径为70nm。
制备方法如下:
(1)将配方量的改性淀粉和无机纳米粒子加入反应釜,搅拌30nm;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应物料中加入有机硅消泡剂、动物纤维、蛋白氨基酸、聚丙烯酸酯、无机矿物分和酰胺,混合均匀后,升温烧煮,常压烧浆闷20min即可得到所述淀粉纺织浆料。
实施例4
在本实施例中,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
其中,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为23:1,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为82:1,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为83:1,所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为13nm,所述膨润土的粒径为42nm。
制备方法如下:
(1)将配方量的改性淀粉和无机纳米粒子加入反应釜,搅拌20nm;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应物料中加入有机硅消泡剂、动物纤维、蛋白氨基酸、聚丙烯酸酯、无机矿物分和酰胺,混合均匀后,升温烧煮,常压烧浆闷30min即可得到所述淀粉纺织浆料。
对比例1
该对比例与实施例1的不同之处仅在于,改性淀粉为普通淀粉,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例2
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,改性淀粉为糖化酶改性淀粉,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例3
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,改性淀粉为纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例4
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为5:1,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例5
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为40:1,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例6
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为65:1,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例7
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为90:1,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例8
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为75:1,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例9
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为96:1,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例10
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为8nm,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例11
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述纳米二氧化钛的粒径为33nm,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例12
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述膨润土的粒径为25nm,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例13
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,所述膨润土的粒径为75nm,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例14
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,原料中不含无机纳米粒子,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例15
该对比例于实施例1的不同之处仅在于,原料中不含有酰胺,除此之外,其余原料与原料用量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对实施例1-4以及对比例1-15制备得到的纺织浆料进行性能测试,结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1的结果可以看出,本发明制备的纺织浆料具有很好的粘度热稳定性和粘附力,上浆效果好,浆砂和浆膜的伸长率高。由实施例1与对比例1-11的对比可以看出,改性淀粉及无机纳米粒子对于纺织浆料获得很好的粘度热稳定性和粘附力具有重要作用,各组分相互配合才能获得良好的性能,且只有纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉、糖化酶改性淀粉与无机纳米粒子共同配合,相互促进才达到了本申请的效果。由实施例1与对比例12-15的对比可以看出,矿物粉的粒径和尿素都对纺织浆料的浆膜性能造成了影响。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
其中所述改性淀粉为纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉和糖化酶改性淀粉的混合物,其中,纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为(20-30):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述纺织浆料按重量份计主要由以下原料制备得到:
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉:糖化酶改性淀粉的质量比为(25-28):1,优选为27:1。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化硅改性淀粉为将淀粉和纳米二氧化硅混合后加入去离子水中,进行水解干燥提纯后获得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述淀粉:纳米二氧化硅的质量比为(70-85):1,优选为78:1。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述糖化酶改性淀粉通过将糖化酶加入淀粉中进行酶解得到;
优选地,所述淀粉:糖化酶的质量比为(80-90):1,优选为86:1。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述无机纳米粒子为纳米碳酸钙和/或纳米二氧化钛;
优选地,所述无机纳米粒子的粒径为10-30nm,优选为13-25nm,进一步优选为20nm。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述无机矿物粉为凹凸棒石粘土、膨润土或蒙脱土中的任意一种或至少两种的混合;
优选地,所述无机矿物粉的粒径为30-70nm,优选为45-60nm,进一步优选为53nm。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料,其特征在于,所述酰胺为尿素。
10.一种如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的环保型淀粉纺织浆料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将配方量的改性淀粉和无机纳米粒子加入反应釜,搅拌10-30nm;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应物料中加入有机硅消泡剂、动物纤维、蛋白氨基酸、聚丙烯酸酯、无机矿物分和酰胺,混合均匀后,升温烧煮,常压烧浆闷20-40min,即可得到所述淀粉纺织浆料。
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CN107217484A (zh) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-29 | 太仓大唐化纤厂 | 一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料及其制备方法 |
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CN108221380A (zh) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-29 | 枣庄市金科化工有限公司 | 一种环保型淀粉纺织浆料及其制备方法 |
CN108867058A (zh) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 广州森浩材料科技有限公司 | 一种环保型纺织浆料组合物及其制备方法 |
CN109056158A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2018-12-21 | 长沙小如信息科技有限公司 | 色织面料的生产方法和整理方法 |
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