CN106376322A - Saffron crocus seedball propagation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a saffron bulb propagation method, which comprises: bulb pretreatment; dormancy period treatment; assimilation leaf differentiation period treatment; flower bud differentiation to pistil differentiation period treatment; grape shed pretreatment; saffron planting; Intertillage and weeding during the stem maturity period in May, and comprehensive control of corm rot during the dormant period; saffron bulbs survived the summer underground, intertillage and weeding in mid-August, during which the grape management method remained unchanged; saffron was cultivated continuously for two or three years in early May. Dig out all bulbs. The propagation method has the following advantages: the propagation rate of the saffron bulb is increased by about 1 time. Improve the land utilization rate of grape greenhouses. Reduce saffron planting manpower consumption by one-third and improve production efficiency. It has the characteristics of water saving, land saving, emission reduction, weight loss, and pesticide reduction. The bulbs produced are of high quality and have low pesticide residues.

Description

How to propagate saffron bulbs

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, in particular to a saffron bulb propagation method.

Background technique

Saffron (Crocus sativus), the upper stigma of the pistil is used as medicine. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, cooling blood and detoxifying, relieving stagnation and calming nerves. Saffron is native to the Mediterranean region. It was successfully introduced in Chongming Island, Shanghai in 1986. At present, Jiande, Zhejiang is the main production area in China. The main introduction area in China is different from the Mediterranean dry climate in the original place. Saffron has more rain during the dormant period in summer, and the underground bulbs are easy to grow. Rotten, so our country used the "two-stage" cultivation method of putting indoors for half a year and planting in the field for half a year. Every May, when the bulbs entered the dormant period, they were dug from the ground and placed indoors without soil and water for half a year. It blooms but does not grow roots. After the flowers are picked indoors, they are planted in the outdoor field at the end of November before they start to grow roots and leaves. The "two-stage" cultivation method shortens the growth period of the bulbs by nearly 2 months, and the new bulbs formed by side buds are very small. After many years of cultivation, small bulbs are not easy to grow into large bulbs that can bloom. Therefore, farmers are urged to "wipe buds" of saffron bulbs-removing side buds and even some terminal buds, so that the number of offspring of each saffron bulb can be reduced from 6-8 are reduced to 1-2 in order to obtain larger bulbs, so the average annual reproduction rate of saffron bulbs in China is only about 1.2, and the average annual increase in bulb production is about 20%. After 30 years of promotion, the national planting area is still less than 10,000 mu. Domestic saffron filaments currently only account for about 20% of the demand, and a large amount of imports are still needed every year.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the invention provides a kind of saffron bulb propagation method.

The invention provides a method for propagation of saffron bulbs, which comprises:

Step a, bulb pretreatment: select 7g-20g saffron bulbs as candidate bulbs; soak the candidate bulbs with 0.3-0.6% hymexazol and dry them, and place the terminal buds upwards in a single layer tightly in a wooden frame;

Step b, dormant period treatment: store the pretreated bulbs indoors from mid-May to early June, set the indoor light intensity within 5 μmol/m ² ·s, store at room temperature, and have a relative humidity of 60-80%; From mid-June to the end of June, increase the indoor storage temperature to 28-32°C;

Step c, assimilating leaf differentiation stage treatment: adjust the indoor temperature to 23-27°C, and the relative humidity to 70-80%; the daytime light intensity is controlled within 100 μmol/m ² s, and the ventilation is kept well, and the CO ² concentration does not exceed 600PPM. Apply 0.2-0.4 times the concentration of the garden test standard formula nutrient solution to directly spray the bulbs once a week;

Step d, treatment from flower bud differentiation to pistil differentiation stage: adjust the indoor temperature to 22-25°C, relative humidity to 75-85%, daytime light intensity to be controlled within 1000 μmol/m ² ·s, indoor ventilation, and indoor CO ² concentration 400-550PPM, spray 0.2-0.4 times the concentration of garden test standard formula nutrient solution directly to the bulbs once a week;

Step e, grape shed pretreatment: After the grapes are harvested in late September, the plastic film is removed from the grape shed, the soil is improved and base fertilizer is applied;

Step f, saffron planting: in the first ten days of October, select a corm with a terminal bud length greater than the average and a weight of 7g-20g as a bulb; peel off the outer skin of the bulb before planting, and soak it in a lime-sulfur mixture at 10 degrees for 5-15 seconds , to dry; then plant the bulbs in the grape shed;

Step g, cover the greenhouse with a plastic film in the first ten days of November, and keep the lower part of the film ventilated; collect safflower in the greenhouse in the middle and late November;

Step h, applying top dressing;

Step i, next year May saffron leaves are withered, and the underground new corm of saffron matures and enters the dormancy period, applies paraquat weeding and rakes off dead leaves, applies 0.4-0.6% carbendazim to prevent the occurrence of rot; the new saffron corm stays Oversummer in the underground, intertillage and weeding in mid-August, during which the grape management method remains unchanged; repeat steps e and g, and after two or three years of continuous cultivation of saffron, all bulbs are dug out in early May.

Further, in the step 1, the weight of the saffron corm is 7-20g uninfected, plump in appearance and undamaged.

Further, in the step e, the grape varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, French Lan, Sabah Pearl, Rose Fragrance, Kyoho, Fujiminori, and White Banana, and the planting method is rain-proof cultivation in steel-frame greenhouses.

Furthermore, during the grape planting process, the grapes in the grape shed are planted in two rows in the north-south direction. The ditch between the two rows of grapes in the shed is 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide, and the ditch on both sides of the shed is more than 20 cm deep. Each greenhouse is planted with less than 24 grapes. .

Further, in the step e, the soil improvement and basal fertilizer application are specifically: applying 50-100 kg of quicklime to each greenhouse, adjusting the soil pH value to be nearly neutral, and applying 1000-2000 kg of decomposed manure in ditches, Decomposed cake fertilizer 90-110 kg, phosphate fertilizer 45-55 kg, potash fertilizer 15-25 kg.

Further, in the step f, the planting density of the bulbs is as follows: the row spacing is 18-22cm, the distance between bulbs with a weight of 13-20g is 13-16cm, and the planting depth is 15cm; the distance between bulbs with a weight of 7-12g It is 9-12cm, and the planting depth is 10cm.

Further, in the step f, after the bulbs are planted in the grape shed, the following steps are also included: spraying 50 kg of water with 100 ml of butachlor per 667 m ² ; after that, only the weeding operation is performed, and no weeding operation is performed. .

Further, the step h specifically includes:

In mid-December, apply 230-270kg of cow dung or chicken manure per mu, or apply 10-20kg of urea and 2-5kg of potassium fertilizer;

In mid-January of the following year, apply 1450-1550kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or apply 20-30kg of urea and 6-8kg of potassium fertilizer, and water;

In the middle and late February, apply 1150-1250kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or apply 15-25kg of urea and 3-7kg of potassium fertilizer, and water;

From mid-February to March, the growth of saffron enters a vigorous stage, and the liquid fertilizer is sprayed 3 to 4 times every 10 to 15 days; the liquid fertilizer includes 0.28-0.32wt% urea, 0.15-0.25wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the remainder of the water.

Further, the new corms of saffron are left in the ground for the summer, intertillage and weeding are carried out in mid-August, and all the corms are dug out in early May after two or three years of continuous cultivation of the corms of saffron.

Further, after digging out all the bulbs, it also includes a step of grading and sorting, specifically: bulbs with a weight of more than 20g are used for sale, and bulbs with a weight of 7-20g are used as breeding bulbs for the next round of cultivation.

In the present invention, by applying medicament and biological comprehensive anticorrosion method to saffron bulbs, interplanting with grapes in rain-shelter cultivation greenhouses, and combining the application of modern cultivation techniques, the ground temperature of saffron during the winter breeding season is moderately increased, and the bulb propagation and growth suitable temperature period is extended. The summer dormant period reduces rain, and the incidence of saffron rot disease is greatly reduced. It can solve the phenomenon that the bulbs in saffron planting areas are easy to rot in summer, and change the "two-stage" cultivation technique of saffron placed indoors for half a year and planted in the field for half a year. Refer to the cultivation method of the original place , carry out continuous cultivation for many years, prolong the breeding and growth period of saffron bulbs, make each offspring small bulbs rejuvenate quickly, and improve the reproductive rate of saffron bulbs. The new cultivation method can increase the production of saffron bulbs by an average of 100% per year. Interplanting with grapes in greenhouses, so that the new leaflets of grapes in spring can provide shading conditions for saffron, and from November to April of the following year, when saffron needs light, the absence of leaves on grapevines will not affect the photosynthesis of saffron plants. At the same time, the soil in the grape shed Loose and fertile, suitable for the propagation of saffron bulbs. Planting saffron is also conducive to the ventilation of grape roots. The two crops can promote each other's production. Joint management can effectively reduce manpower consumption by more than one-third, and make full use of the soil fertility of grape greenhouses without irrigation. Use water, reduce the use of herbicides and other pesticides, and make full use of existing resources. It has the characteristics of water saving, land saving, emission reduction, weight loss, and drug reduction. The bulbs produced are of high quality, low in pesticide residues, and low in planting costs. Increase the income of saffron growers and grape growers by a large margin.

The saffron bulb propagation method provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1. Improve the reproduction rate of the saffron bulb by about 1 time. 2. Improve the land utilization rate of grape greenhouses. 3. Reduce saffron planting manpower consumption by one-third and improve production efficiency. 4. It has the characteristics of water saving, land saving, emission reduction, weight loss, and pesticide reduction. The bulbs produced are of high quality and have low pesticide residues. 5. Increase the income of saffron growers and grape growers.

detailed description

The invention discloses a saffron bulb propagation method, which can be realized by those skilled in the art by referring to the contents of this article and appropriately improving process parameters. In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and the relevant personnel can obviously make changes or appropriate changes and combinations to the method and application described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to realize and Apply the technology of the present invention.

The invention provides a kind of saffron bulb propagation method, specifically a kind of saffron and grape interplanting imitation origin bulb propagation method, and it specifically comprises the following steps:

Step a, bulb pretreatment: select 7g-20g saffron bulbs as candidate bulbs; soak the candidate bulbs with 0.3-0.6% hymexazol and dry them, and place the terminal buds upwards in a single layer tightly in a wooden frame;

Step b, dormant period treatment: store the pretreated bulbs indoors from mid-May to early June, set the indoor light intensity within 5 μmol/m ² ·s, store at room temperature, and have a relative humidity of 60-80%; From mid-June to the end of June, increase the indoor storage temperature to 28-32°C;

Step c, assimilating leaf differentiation stage treatment: adjust the indoor temperature to 23-27°C, and the relative humidity to 70-80%; the daytime light intensity is controlled within 100 μmol/m ² s, and the ventilation is kept well, and the CO ² concentration does not exceed 600PPM. Apply 0.2-0.4 times the concentration of the garden test standard formula nutrient solution to directly spray the bulbs once a week;

Step d, treatment from flower bud differentiation to pistil differentiation stage: adjust the indoor temperature to 22-25°C, relative humidity to 75-85%, daytime light intensity to be controlled within 1000 μmol/m ² ·s, indoor ventilation, and indoor CO ² concentration 400-550PPM, spray 0.2-0.4 times the concentration of garden test standard formula nutrient solution directly to the bulbs once a week;

Step e, grape shed pretreatment: After the grapes are harvested in late September, the plastic film is removed from the grape shed, the soil is improved and base fertilizer is applied;

Step f, saffron planting: in the first ten days of October, select a corm with a terminal bud length greater than the average and a weight of 7g-20g as a bulb; peel off the outer skin of the bulb before planting, and soak it in a lime-sulfur mixture at 10 degrees for 5-15 seconds , to dry; then plant the bulbs in the grape shed;

Step g, cover the greenhouse with a plastic film in the first ten days of November, and keep the lower part of the film ventilated; collect safflower in the greenhouse in the middle and late November;

Step h, applying top dressing;

Step i, next year May saffron leaves are withered, and the underground new corm of saffron matures and enters the dormancy period, applies paraquat weeding and rakes off dead leaves, applies 0.4-0.6% carbendazim to prevent the occurrence of rot; the new saffron corm stays Oversummer in the underground, intertillage and weeding in mid-August, during which the grape management method remains unchanged; repeat steps e and g, and after two or three years of continuous cultivation of saffron, all bulbs are dug out in early May.

As a preferred version of the present invention:

In the step a, the weight of the saffron corm is 15-20g uninfected, and the appearance is plump and undamaged. More preferably, the origin of the above-mentioned saffron bulbs is the Yangtze River Delta region, specifically Shanghai, Jiangsu, Henan, etc. After soaking and drying according to step 1, the terminal buds can be placed tightly in a single layer in a 1.0*0.8m wooden tray, and the wooden tray and the bulb storage room are fumigated with ethylene oxide. The concentration of hymexazol is more preferably 0.5%.

The garden test standard formula nutrient solution used in steps c and d is as follows (in the addition of every ton of water): calcium nitrate 945g/t, potassium nitrate 809g/t, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 153g/t, magnesium sulfate 493g/t , boric acid 2.86g/t, manganese sulfate 2.13g/t, zinc sulfate 0.22g/t, copper sulfate 0.08g/t, ammonium molybdate 0.02g/t, chelated iron 20-40g/t.

In the step e, the grape varieties are preferably Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, French Lan, Sabah Pearl, Rose Fragrance, Kyoho, Fujiminori, and White Banana, and the planting method is rain-proof cultivation in steel-frame greenhouses. For details, you can refer to the ordinary greenhouse viticulture management, but the following changes are preferred:

During the grape planting process, the grapes are planted in two rows in the north-south direction in the grape shed. The ditch between the two rows of grapes in the shed is 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide, and the ditch on both sides of the shed is more than 20 cm deep. Each greenhouse is planted with less than 24 grapes. The effect of aforementioned ditching is to be beneficial to drainage and the operation of gathering safflower.

In step e, the soil improvement and basal fertilizer application are specifically preferably: 50-100 kg of quicklime applied to each greenhouse, the pH value of the soil is adjusted to be nearly neutral, 1000-2000 kg of decomposed column fertilizer is applied in ditches, and 90-2000 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer is applied. 110 kg, 45-55 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 15-25 kg of potash fertilizer. More preferred decomposed cake fertilizer is 100 kg, phosphate fertilizer is 50 kg, potassium fertilizer is 20 kg, and biological bacterial fertilizer is 5 kg.

Regarding the selection of the grape shed, the preferred options are as follows: the greenhouse is a standard steel frame shed (length 80m, width 6m, height 3m), using a new film with high light transmittance, equipped with irrigation facilities, and good drainage. The soil in the greenhouse is fertile and loose, rich in organic matter.

In step f, the planting density of the bulbs can be as follows: the row spacing is 18-22cm, more preferably 20cm; the distance between bulbs with a weight of 13-20g is 13-16cm, more preferably 15cm; the bulbs with a weight of 7-12g The spacing is 9-12cm, more preferably 10cm

It is preferable to apply saffron-specific bacterial fertilizer in the bulb planting ditch. When planting, it is preferable to put the main buds of the bulbs upwards, lightly press them into the ditch, apply light pressure after covering the soil, and water the fixed root water in time after planting.

Further, after the bulbs are planted in the grape shed, the following steps are preferably included: spraying 50 kg of water with 100 ml of butachlor per 667 m ² , which can prevent and eliminate grass weeds such as A. , do not carry out weeding operation, so as not to damage the root system of saffron or cause phytotoxicity.

In step g, the greenhouse is covered with a plastic film in the first ten days of November, and the lower part of the film is kept ventilated. Collect safflower in the greenhouse in the middle and late November. Except for subzero weather, the lower part of the film is still ventilated throughout the day. In subzero weather, the greenhouse will be closed sooner or later, and it will be opened for ventilation near noon.

Step h specifically preferably comprises:

In mid-December, apply 230-270kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or apply 10-20kg of urea and 2-5kg of potassium fertilizer; more preferably, apply 250kg of rabbit manure per mu, or apply 15kg of ammonium nitrate and 3kg of potassium oxide fertilizer ;

In mid-January of the following year, apply 1450-1550 kg of cow dung or chicken manure per mu, or apply 20-30 kg of urea and 6-8 kg of potassium fertilizer, and water; more preferably, apply 1500 kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or Apply urea 25kg and potassium fertilizer 7kg;

In the middle and late February, apply 1150-1250 kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or apply 15-25 kg of urea and 3-7 kg of potassium fertilizer, and water; more preferably, apply 1200 kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or apply Urea 2kg and potash fertilizer 05kg

From mid-February to March, the growth of saffron enters a vigorous stage, and the liquid fertilizer is sprayed 3 to 4 times every 10 to 15 days; the liquid fertilizer includes 0.28-0.32wt% urea, 0.15-0.25wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the remainder of the water.

After digging out all the corms, it is also preferable to include a step of grading and sorting, specifically: bulbs with a weight of more than 20g are used for sale, and bulbs with a weight of 7-20g are used as breeding bulbs for the next round of cultivation.

In step k, the concentration of carbendazim is more preferably 0.5%.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the present invention uses medicament and bio-integrated antisepsis method to saffron bulbs, interplants with rain-shelter cultivation greenhouse greenhouse grapes, and combines the application of modern cultivation techniques, so that the ground temperature of saffron winter breeding season is moderately improved, and the bulbs can reproduce and grow The optimum temperature period is extended, the summer dormancy period is reduced, and the incidence of saffron rot disease is greatly reduced. It can solve the phenomenon that the bulbs in saffron planting areas are easy to rot in summer, and change the "two-stage" cultivation technique of saffron indoors for half a year and planted in the field for half a year. With reference to the cultivation method in the original place, continuous cultivation for many years is carried out to prolong the reproductive growth period of saffron bulbs, so that each offspring small bulb can quickly rejuvenate and improve the reproductive rate of saffron bulbs. The new cultivation method can make saffron bulbs average annual The yield is increased by 100%, which is more than 3 times more than the existing cultivation method. Through interplanting with greenhouse grapes, the new leaflets of grapes in spring can provide shading conditions for saffron, while saffron needs light from November to next April. The lack of leaves will not affect the photosynthesis of saffron plants. At the same time, the soil in the grape shed is loose and fertile, which is suitable for the propagation of saffron bulbs. Planting saffron is also conducive to the ventilation of grape roots. The two crops can promote each other. Joint management can effectively reduce manpower consumption More than one-third, make full use of the soil fertility of grape greenhouses, do not need irrigation water, reduce the use of herbicides and other pesticides, can make full use of existing resources, and have the characteristics of water saving, land saving, emission reduction, weight loss, and drug reduction. The high-quality bulbs, low pesticide residues, and low planting costs can greatly increase the income of saffron growers and grape growers.

The saffron bulb propagation method provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1. Improve the reproduction rate of the saffron bulb by about 1 time. 2. Improve the land utilization rate of grape greenhouses. 3. Reduce saffron planting manpower consumption by one-third and improve production efficiency. 4. It has the characteristics of water saving, land saving, emission reduction, weight loss, and pesticide reduction. The bulbs produced are of high quality and have low pesticide residues. 5. Increase the income of saffron growers and grape growers.

Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the present invention:

1. Test material

The bulbs selected for the test with a unit weight of 7.0-12.9g and 13.0-20.0g were purchased in May 2013. The place of origin is a saffron grower in Chongming Island, Shanghai, and the "two-stage" cultivation is adopted. The trial was conducted in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from May 2013 to May 2015. The greenhouse is a standard steel frame greenhouse (length 80m, width 6m, height 3m), using new film with high light transmittance, equipped with irrigation facilities, and good drainage. The soil in greenhouses and open fields is fertile and loose, rich in organic matter.

Table 1 Soil composition of the experimental site

2. Test groups

The small corms of 7.0-12.9g were divided into two groups A and B, and the corms of 13.0-20.0g were divided into two groups C and D; two groups A and C adopted the interplanting method of saffron and grapes to imitate the breeding method of bulbs in the place of origin. The bulbs were dug out in May 2015 in the grape greenhouse for two years according to the present invention on the 3rd; two groups B and D adopted the "two-stage" cultivation method, and they were cultivated and bloomed indoors for half a year, and the bulbs were propagated in the fields for half a year. , the bulbs were dug out in May 2014, and three repetitions were set up in each group.

3. Test method

3.1 Management of indoor cultivation and flowering

Put the saffron bulbs in the indoor cultivation room, 50cm from the ground, build a frame with 5 layers, each layer is 40cm apart, and place them in a wooden frame of 1.0m*0.8m. The bulb buds are upward, and the indoor temperature and humidity, light and ventilation are adjusted. The indicators are shown in Table 2. From mid-May to mid-to-late June, the corms are in a full dormancy period, and the indoor relative humidity is kept at 60-80%, and the light control is mainly dark. The assimilative leaf differentiation period is from the end of June to the end of July, and the indoor relative humidity is kept at 70-85%, the room temperature does not exceed 35°C, and the light is mainly controlled in the dark; the flower bud differentiation period is from August to early September, and the room temperature is 23-30°C , maintain a relative humidity of 70-85%, light control is still mainly dark, well-ventilated, and the CO ² concentration is below 600PPM. From the first ten days of September to the end of October is the period of flower organ formation. The main buds of the bulbs are white. Increase the brightness of the daylight appropriately. The room temperature is 18-25°C, the relative humidity is 70-85%, and the CO ² concentration is below 600PPM. Early November is the flowering period, and the indoor daylight brightness should be increased to the greatest extent. The room temperature is 12-18°C, the relative humidity is about 70-85%, and the indoor CO ² concentration is not higher than 600PPM.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Table 2 Control indicators of indoor cultivation and flowering environment of saffron

3.2 Planting management in open field and greenhouse

At the end of August 2013, the soil in the open field and in the greenhouse was plowed and fertilized in time after the previous stubble was harvested. The amount of fertilizer applied was 2000 kg of decomposed sheep manure, 100 kg of fermented vegetable cake, 100 kg of quicklime, and 20 cm of plowing depth at the end of September 2013. Then apply 25kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 5kg of biological bacterial fertilizer, finely prepare the land, open furrows and make furrows with a furrow width of 150cm and a furrow width of 30cm. The planting row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the planting depth is 15cm. After planting and covering the soil, use 100mL of butachlor mixed with 50kg of water per acre to spray and weed. The soil is whitish and the climate is dry and watered by drip irrigation. Do not add plastic film to the greenhouse first, and accept rain to promote the root growth of saffron. In mid-December, when the temperature drops below 5°C, cover with plastic film to keep warm. Ventilate at noon every day to keep the humidity in the greenhouse below 95%. , apply 250kg of chicken manure as a root-growing and leaf-promoting fertilizer. In mid-January, apply 1500kg of chicken manure per mu as wax fertilizer. In mid-to-late February, the growth of saffron enters a vigorous stage. Increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and use ternary imported compound fertilizers 5kg. From mid-to-late March 2014, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 10-15 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously. In May 2014, some mature new bulbs were dug up, and the reproduction rate was measured. The remaining bulbs were kept in the ground for continuous cultivation until they were dug out in May 2015. During this period, the greenhouse was covered with plastic film to avoid rain and heat preservation. Except that there is no plastic film for heat preservation in open field cultivation, the rest of the planting management is the same.

3.3 Corm harvesting and grading comparison

On May 5, 2014, the "two-stage" cultivation and breeding bulbs were dug out, and the fresh weight was weighed after sorting and grading. On May 3, 2015, the breeding bulbs that had been cultivated continuously for two years according to the present invention were dug out, and the fresh weight was weighed after sorting and grading. Converted into the average adult reproductive rate, the comparison of the output of saffron bulbs bred by the two cultivation methods is shown in Table 3.

The saffron corm output of table 3 different cultivation methods breeding

The above comparative experiments show that: the two-stage cultivation method of saffron leads to a low reproductive rate of the bulbs. Under careful management, the reproductive rate can only reach a maximum of 1.35; digging the bulbs every year, arranging them, and wiping the buds are more labor-intensive. However, adopting the saffron and grape interplanting imitation origin bulb propagation method provided by the present invention not only greatly reduces labor, but also increases the average annual reproduction rate of saffron bulbs more than 1 times, and the "two-stage" cultivation method can plant 100 kilograms of bulbs. , can only increase about 30 kilograms of new bulbs in the second year, and the present invention can increase about 100 kilograms of new bulbs every year on average, more than 3 times more, and labor consumption reduces about 1/3rd.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a saffron bulb propagation method is characterized in that, comprising: Step a, bulb pretreatment: select 7g-20g saffron bulbs as candidate bulbs; soak the candidate bulbs with 0.3-0.6% hymexazol and dry them, and place the terminal buds upwards in a single layer tightly in a wooden frame; Step b, dormant period treatment: store the pretreated bulbs indoors from mid-May to early June, set the indoor light intensity within 5 μmol/m ² ·s, store at room temperature, and have a relative humidity of 60-80%; From mid-June to the end of June, increase the indoor storage temperature to 28-32°C; Step c, assimilating leaf differentiation stage treatment: adjust the indoor temperature to 23-27°C, and the relative humidity to 70-80%; the daytime light intensity is controlled within 100 μmol/m ² s, and the ventilation is kept well, and the CO ² concentration does not exceed 600PPM. Apply 0.2-0.4 times the concentration of the garden test standard formula nutrient solution to directly spray the bulbs once a week; Step d, treatment from flower bud differentiation to pistil differentiation stage: adjust the indoor temperature to 22-25°C, relative humidity to 75-85%, daytime light intensity to be controlled within 1000 μmol/m ² ·s, indoor ventilation, and indoor CO ² concentration 400-550PPM, spray 0.2-0.4 times the concentration of garden test standard formula nutrient solution directly to the bulbs once a week; Step e, grape shed pretreatment: After the grapes are harvested in late September, the plastic film is removed from the grape shed, the soil is improved and base fertilizer is applied; Step f, saffron planting: in the first ten days of October, select a corm with a terminal bud length greater than the average and a weight of 7g-20g as a bulb; peel off the outer skin of the bulb before planting, and soak it in a lime-sulfur mixture at 10 degrees for 5-15 seconds , to dry; then plant the bulbs in the grape shed; Step g, cover the greenhouse with a plastic film in the first ten days of November, and keep the lower part of the film ventilated; collect safflower in the greenhouse in the middle and late November; Step h, applying top dressing; Step i, next year May saffron leaves are withered, and the underground new corm of saffron matures and enters the dormancy period, applies paraquat weeding and rakes off dead leaves, applies 0.4-0.6% carbendazim to prevent the occurrence of rot; the new saffron corm stays Oversummer in the underground, intertillage and weeding in mid-August, during which the grape management method remains unchanged; repeat steps e and g, and after two or three years of continuous cultivation of saffron, all bulbs are dug out in early May. 2. method for seed bulb propagation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 1, the weight of described saffron corm is 7-20g uninfected, and outward appearance is plump and without damage. 3. The bulb propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step e, the grape varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, French Lan, Sabah Pearl, Rose Fragrance, Kyoho, Fujiminori, White bananas are planted in steel-frame greenhouses for shelter from rain. 4. The bulb propagation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the grape planting process, the grapes in the grape shed are planted in two rows in a north-south direction, and the two rows of grapes in the shed are ditched with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 40 cm. The ditch is more than 20cm deep, and less than 24 grapes are planted in each greenhouse. 5. The seed bulb propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step e, said carrying out soil improvement and applying basal fertilizer is specifically: applying 50-100 kg of quicklime for each greenhouse, and adjusting the soil pH value Nearly neutral, ditching and applying 1000-2000 kg of decomposed bar fertilizer, 90-110 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, 45-55 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 15-25 kg of potash fertilizer. 6. The bulb propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step f, the planting density of the bulbs is as follows: the row spacing is 18-22cm, and the distance between bulbs with a weight of 13-20g is 13-16cm , the planting depth is 15cm; the distance between bulbs weighing 7-12g is 9-12cm, and the planting depth is 10cm. 7. The seed bulb propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in said step f, after the seed bulbs are planted in the grape shed, the following steps are also included: every 667m ² with 100ml of butachlor for 50kg of water Spraying is carried out; after that, only weeding operation is carried out, and weeding operation is not carried out. 8. bulb propagation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step h specifically comprises: In mid-December, apply 230-270kg of cow dung or chicken manure per mu, or apply 10-20kg of urea and 2-5kg of potassium fertilizer; In mid-January of the following year, apply 1450-1550kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or apply 20-30kg of urea and 6-8kg of potassium fertilizer, and water; In the middle and late February, apply 1150-1250kg of cow manure or chicken manure per mu, or apply 15-25kg of urea and 3-7kg of potassium fertilizer, and water; From mid-February to March, the growth of saffron enters a vigorous stage, and the liquid fertilizer is sprayed 3 to 4 times every 10 to 15 days; the liquid fertilizer includes 0.28-0.32wt% urea, 0.15-0.25wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the remainder of the water. 9. The seed bulb propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the new corms of saffron stay in the ground for oversummering, intertillage and weeding are carried out in mid-August, and the corms of saffron are dug out in early May after continuous cultivation for two years or three years All bulbs. 10. The bulb propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that after digging out all the bulbs, it also includes the step of grading and sorting, specifically: bulbs with a weight of more than 20g are used for sale, and the weight is 7-20g The bulbs serve as breeding bulbs for the next round of breeding.