CN106285145B - Three-dimensional shock insulation support capable of adjusting vertical early rigidity - Google Patents
Three-dimensional shock insulation support capable of adjusting vertical early rigidity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106285145B CN106285145B CN201610902524.9A CN201610902524A CN106285145B CN 106285145 B CN106285145 B CN 106285145B CN 201610902524 A CN201610902524 A CN 201610902524A CN 106285145 B CN106285145 B CN 106285145B
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 208000002740 Muscle Rigidity Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 206010052904 Musculoskeletal stiffness Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/022—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings and comprising laminated structures of alternating elastomeric and rigid layers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional shock insulation support capable of adjusting vertical early rigidity, which comprises a laminated rubber shock insulation support and a vertical shock insulation support, wherein the laminated rubber shock insulation support and the vertical shock insulation support are sequentially connected in series; the device is characterized in that a back pressure device is further arranged in a guide sleeve of the vertical shock insulation support, the back pressure device comprises two groups of prepressing steel cables and two floating pressing plates, wherein the two groups of prepressing steel cables are distributed between the cylindrical rubber elastic body and the guide sleeve, one end of each group of prepressing steel cables is respectively fixed on the floating pressing plates adjacent to the driving pressing plate, and the other end of each group of prepressing steel cables respectively penetrates through the floating pressing plates adjacent to the base and is anchored on the base through a steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage device; one end of the other group of prepressing steel cables is respectively fixed on the floating pressing plates adjacent to the base, and the other end of the other group of prepressing steel cables respectively penetrates through the floating pressing plates adjacent to the driving pressing plates and is anchored on the driving pressing plates through steel cable self-locking tensioning anchors; and tensioning the two groups of prepressing steel cables to enable the cylindrical rubber elastic body to be always clamped between the two floating pressing plates.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building anti-vibration (or shock) device, in particular to a three-dimensional shock isolation device formed by connecting an interlayer steel plate rubber pad and a vertical shock isolation support in series.
Background
The shock isolation device is a shock isolation device arranged between a building and a foundation. The early seismic isolation devices were mainly two-dimensional seismic isolation bearings (laminated rubber seismic isolation bearings) constructed by alternately laminating rubber and thin steel plates, which could only isolate the horizontal component of seismic waves. With the improvement of the knowledge of the multidimensional characteristics of the earthquake, the three-dimensional shock isolation device is gradually paid more attention by researchers in the field. The most common three-dimensional shock isolation device is formed by connecting a laminated rubber shock isolation support and an existing vertical shock isolation support in series.
The invention patent application with publication number CN 102409777A discloses a three-dimensional shock-insulation and anti-overturning device, the main body mechanism of the device is formed by connecting a laminated rubber shock-insulation support 14 and a spring shock-insulation support 15 in series, the upper side and the lower side of the main body structure are respectively provided with an upper connecting plate 1 and a lower connecting plate 18, and the device is characterized in that: tensile steel wire ropes 16 which are uniformly distributed around the main body structure in a staggered mode are arranged between the upper connecting plate 1 and the lower connecting plate 18, and the ultimate deformation of the tensile steel wire ropes 16 in the horizontal direction is larger than the horizontal shearing elastic deformation of the main body structure. Although the proposal of the patent application can improve the tensile strength of the three-dimensional seismic isolation device to resist the great tensile force generated by the swinging and even overturning of high-rise buildings in the earthquake, the proposal still has the following defects: 1. the spring shock insulation support can only compress energy dissipation and shock absorption, and cannot stretch the energy dissipation and shock absorption; 2. the spring shock insulation support can not preset early stiffness, and is not convenient for presetting seismic intensity and reducing shock insulation cost.
The invention patent application with the publication number of CN1932324A discloses an adjustable disc spring mechanical shock absorption damper, which comprises a shell, a load connecting rod and two groups of disc springs, wherein the load connecting rod and the two groups of disc springs are arranged in the shell, the middle part of the load connecting rod is provided with an adjusting gear fixedly connected with the load connecting rod, the load connecting rods on the two sides of the adjusting gear are respectively provided with a left-handed nut and a right-handed nut which are in threaded fit with the load connecting rod, and the two groups of disc springs are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the left-handed nut and the right-handed nut and are respectively clamped between the left-handed nut or the right-handed nut and a sealing plate at the. The damping coefficient of the damper can be adjusted by only turning the adjusting gear on the load connecting rod to enable the left-handed nut and the right-handed nut to be close to or far away from each other, so that the pretightening force of the two groups of disk springs can be adjusted, and the use requirements of different frequencies and different amplitudes are met. However, the invention still has the following disadvantages: 1. the load connecting rod is kept in balance under the combined action of the two groups of disc springs, although the pretightening force of the two groups of disc springs can be adjusted, no matter how the pretightening force is adjusted, the acting force of the two groups of disc springs on the load connecting rod is a group of force with equal magnitude and opposite direction, and the balance can be damaged only by applying any external force on the load connecting rod, so that the two groups of disc springs deform, and the damper cannot preset early stiffness; 2. two groups of disc springs are matched to provide damping when the damper is under pressure or tension load, so that certain waste is caused, and the length of the damper is greatly increased.
The invention patent application with the publication number of CN101457553A discloses a tuned mass damper with adjustable spring stiffness, which is a composite damper, the characteristic frequency of the damper is changed by changing the thickness of a mass block, the damping ratio of the damper is changed by changing the flow of a working medium of the viscous damper, and the stiffness of the damper is changed by changing the effective working length of a spring, wherein three means are adopted for changing the effective working length of the spring, firstly, a section of the spring positioned in a curing cylinder is cured by adopting a curing material, secondly, a constraint block is inserted into the center of a spiral spring and is in interference fit with the spring, so that a section of the spring contacted with the constraint block fails, thirdly, a spiral bulge is arranged on the surface of the constraint block, and the spiral bulge is clamped between spring wires, so that a section of the spring clamped with the spiral bulge between the spring wires fails. It can be seen that although the spring in the patent application can change the stiffness, the effective working length of the spring is obviously shortened, and the spring can only compress energy consumption and reduce vibration but cannot stretch the energy consumption and reduce vibration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a three-dimensional shock insulation support capable of adjusting vertical early stiffness, wherein the three-dimensional shock insulation support not only can compress energy consumption and shock absorption, but also can stretch energy consumption and shock absorption, and also keeps the effective working length of a spring in the vertical shock insulation support.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a three-dimensional isolation bearing capable of adjusting vertical early rigidity comprises a laminated rubber isolation bearing and a vertical isolation bearing which are sequentially connected in series from top to bottom; wherein,
the laminated rubber shock-insulation support comprises an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate, a laminated rubber pad clamped between the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate and at least three tensile steel cables uniformly distributed around the laminated rubber pad; one end of the tensile steel cable is fixed on the upper connecting plate, the other end of the tensile steel cable is fixed on the lower connecting plate, and the connecting line of the upper fixing point and the lower fixing point is parallel to the central axis of the laminated rubber pad;
the vertical shock insulation support comprises a base, and a guide sleeve extending upwards is arranged on the upper surface of the base; a spring is coaxially arranged in the guide sleeve, and a driving pressing plate is arranged at the upper head of the spring; the middle part of a lower connecting plate of the laminated rubber shock-insulation support is sunken into the guide sleeve to form a bulge, and the lower end of the bulge is fixedly connected with the driving pressure plate;
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the spring is a cylindrical rubber elastic body, the outer diameter of the cylindrical rubber elastic body is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and an annular space is formed between the cylindrical rubber elastic body and the guide sleeve;
a back pressure device is also arranged in the guide sleeve of the vertical shock insulation support, the back pressure device comprises two groups of prepressing steel cables with at least three numbers, two floating press plates and a steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage device with the number equal to the sum of the two groups of prepressing steel cables, wherein,
one of the two floating pressure plates is arranged between the driving pressure plate and the cylindrical rubber elastic body, and the other floating pressure plate is arranged between the base and the cylindrical rubber elastic body;
the cable wire auto-lock tensioning ground tackle constitute by first self-centering locking clamp, the second self-centering locking clamp, prevent turning round compression spring and plane bearing, wherein:
A) the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat, the middle part of one end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss, a first conical clamping jaw consisting of 3-5 claw pieces is arranged in the boss along the axial lead, and a tensioning screw sleeve is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the boss; the small end of the first conical clamp points to the connecting seat, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape;
B) the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve, a second tapered clamping jaw and a hollow bolt which are composed of 3-5 jaw pieces are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve along the axis, the head of the hollow bolt is opposite to the big end of the second tapered clamping jaw, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve is regular hexagon;
C) the plane bearing is composed of a ball-retainer assembly and annular roller paths respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve opposite to the taper sleeve, wherein the annular roller paths are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly;
D) the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning threaded sleeve, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw point to the same direction; the plane bearing is positioned between the tensioning threaded sleeve and the taper sleeve, and the anti-torsion compression spring is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning threaded sleeve; after the prepressing steel cable penetrates out from the space between the claw sheets of the first conical clamping jaw through the center hole of the anti-torsion compression spring and the plane bearing and the space between the claw sheets of the second conical clamping jaw, under the tension action of the prepressing steel cable, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the first conical clamping jaw, and the other end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the conical sleeve;
the two groups of prepressing steel cables are symmetrically distributed in the annular space in a linear state around the axis of the guide sleeve respectively, one end of each group of prepressing steel cables is fixed on the floating pressing plate adjacent to the driving pressing plate respectively, and the other end of each group of prepressing steel cables penetrates through the floating pressing plate adjacent to the base respectively and is anchored on the base through the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage; one end of the other group of prepressing steel cables is respectively fixed on the floating pressing plates adjacent to the base, and the other end of the other group of prepressing steel cables respectively penetrates through the floating pressing plates adjacent to the driving pressing plates and is anchored on the driving pressing plates through the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage devices;
the floating pressing plate is provided with through holes which penetrate through the prepressing steel cable at the positions which penetrate through the prepressing steel cable, and the aperture of each through hole is larger than the diameter of the prepressing steel cable which penetrates through the through hole;
the guide sleeve and the two floating pressure plates are respectively in movable fit;
tensioning the two groups of prepressing steel cables to enable the distance between the two floating press plates to be equal to the length of compressing the cylindrical rubber elastic body to preset vertical early stiffness;
and tensioning the tensile steel cable to provide pre-pressure equal to the designed static load for the laminated rubber pad.
In the above scheme, the tensile steel cable and the pre-pressing steel cable can be steel cables or prestressed steel strands.
The working principle of the vertical shock insulation of the three-dimensional shock insulation support is as follows: when vertical dynamic load relatively acts along the axis of the guide sleeve, pressure is transmitted to the driving pressure plate through the laminated rubber shock-insulation support, so that the cylindrical rubber elastic body is compressed by downward movement; when the dynamic load acts along the axis of the guide sleeve in the opposite directions, the tensile force is transmitted to the driving pressing plate through the tensile steel cable, the driving pressing plate moves upwards, and the two groups of prepressing steel cables respectively pull the two floating pressing plates to move relatively to compress the cylindrical rubber elastic body. Therefore, no matter the axial dynamic load is oppositely or reversely acted on the three-dimensional shock insulation support, the cylindrical rubber elastomer can be compressed, and the cylindrical rubber elastomer is elastically deformed to consume energy.
According to the working principle, the prepressing steel rope and the hole wall of the through hole in the floating pressure plate cannot generate friction in the working process, otherwise, the up-and-down movement of the floating pressure plate is interfered, so that the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the prepressing steel rope, and the up-and-down movement of the floating pressure plate is preferably not interfered and influenced.
According to the three-dimensional shock insulation support capable of adjusting the vertical early rigidity, one end of the prepressing steel cable fixed on the floating pressure plate can be anchored by a conventional method, and can also be tied and fixed by a U-shaped component similar to a lifting ring screw or bent by a steel bar.
In order to prevent the two ends of the cylindrical rubber elastic body from sliding on the floating pressure plate, the invention has another improvement scheme that: and two ends of the cylindrical rubber elastic body are respectively embedded in the positioning rings.
Compared with the prior art, the three-dimensional shock insulation support capable of adjusting the vertical early rigidity has the following effects:
(1) in the vertical direction, the energy dissipation and the shock absorption can be compressed and stretched; the huge pulling force of the high-rise building on the building foundation due to swinging can be effectively reduced; and only one spring is needed, the vertical length is small, and the stability is good.
(2) When the vertical dynamic load is larger than the preset vertical early rigidity resisting capacity, the two-way elastic deformation of the vertical shock insulation support is symmetrical, so that the compression deformation energy consumption effect of the vertical shock insulation support is not influenced by the change of the positive direction and the negative direction of the vertical load;
(3) the vertical early stiffness of the whole device can be changed by changing the lengths of the two groups of prepressing steel cables, the shock insulation support cannot be vertically deformed by external force before the vertical early stiffness is overcome, the shaking of the building under the action of small earthquake and weak wind vibration is effectively inhibited, the wind and shock resistance grade of the building can be preset, and the wind and shock resistance cost is obviously reduced;
(4) in the process of presetting early rigidity, the effective working length of the cylindrical rubber elastomer is unchanged, and the original characteristic parameters of the cylindrical rubber elastomer cannot be changed.
(5) Adopt cable wire auto-lock tensioning ground tackle anchor will pre-compaction another end of cable wire, firstly can adjust the length of pre-compaction cable wire, secondly utilizes the joint action of preventing turning round compression spring and first self-centering locking clamp, can prevent effectively that the pre-compaction cable wire from changing the characteristic parameter of cable wire at the in-process wrench movement that carries out length adjustment.
(6) The tension and compression impact on the building foundation caused by the building shaking trend of the building can be effectively buffered, and the risk of overturning of the building is further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 7 are schematic structural views of an embodiment of a three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to the present invention, where fig. 1 is a front view (cross-sectional view), fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 1, fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of fig. 1, fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view C-C, fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion i of fig. 1, fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion ii of fig. 1, and fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion iii of fig. 1.
Fig. 8 to 12 are schematic structural views of the steel rope self-locking tensioning anchor device in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 7, wherein fig. 8 is a front view (sectional view), in which a dotted line indicates a pre-pressing steel rope, fig. 9 is a bottom view, fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 8, fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along line E-E of fig. 8, and fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line F-F of fig. 8.
Fig. 13 to 15 are schematic structural views of a second embodiment of the three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to the present invention, wherein fig. 13 is a front view (cross-sectional view), fig. 14 is a G-G cross-sectional view of fig. 13, and fig. 15 is an H-H cross-sectional view of fig. 13.
Fig. 16-18 are schematic structural views of a third embodiment of the three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to the present invention, wherein fig. 16 is a front view (cross-sectional view), fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view from I to I of fig. 16, and fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view from J to J of fig. 16.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the three-dimensional isolation bearing in this example is composed of a laminated rubber isolation bearing and a vertical isolation bearing which are connected in series up and down.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the laminated rubber-vibration-isolating support comprises an upper connecting plate 14, a lower connecting plate 15, a laminated rubber pad 17 clamped between the upper and lower connecting plates, and six tensile steel cables 16; the upper connecting plate 14 and the lower connecting plate 15 are both disc-shaped, and the edge of the upper connecting plate 14 is provided with a mounting hole 13; the main body of the laminated rubber pad 17 is formed by alternately laminating a layer of rubber 17-1 and a layer of steel plate 17-2 and then performing mould pressing vulcanization, and a rubber protective layer 17-3 is naturally formed on the periphery of the laminated rubber pad in the mould pressing vulcanization process. The upper end face and the lower end face of the laminated rubber pad 17 main body are respectively provided with a connecting steel plate 17-4 which is connected with the laminated rubber pad in a vulcanization mode, and the two connecting steel plates 17-4 are respectively fixedly connected with the upper connecting plate 14 and the lower connecting plate 15 through screws. The six tensile steel cables 16 are symmetrically distributed around the central axis of the laminated rubber pad 17, one end of each tensile steel cable 16 is fixed on the upper connecting plate 14 through the lifting bolt 12, and the other end of each tensile steel cable is fixed on the lower connecting plate 15 through the lifting bolt 12. Each tensile steel cable 16 is tensioned, so that the sum of the tensions of the six tensile steel cables 16 is equal to the vertical designed static load of the three-dimensional seismic isolation support in the embodiment, and after tensioning, each tensile steel cable 16 is parallel to the central axis of the laminated rubber pad 17.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the vertical shock insulation support comprises a guide sleeve 1, a base 3, a cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 and a back pressure device.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the guide sleeve 1 is in a circular tube shape, and an annular sealing cover 2 for limiting and guiding is arranged at the upper end of the guide sleeve. The middle part of the base 3 is upwards bulged and is in an inverted washbasin shape, the peripheral edge is provided with a mounting hole 13, and the lower end of the guide sleeve 1 is fixed on the upper surface of the bulged middle part of the guide sleeve through a screw.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 is composed of a cylindrical solid rubber block 4-1 and two end plates 4-2 arranged at two ends of the solid rubber block, and the two end plates 4-2 are respectively connected with two ends of the solid rubber block 4-1 in a vulcanization mode. The cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 is coaxially arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and the upper end of the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 is provided with a driving pressure plate 5 which is in movable fit with the guide sleeve 1. The outer diameter of the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve 1, and an annular space is formed between the two. The middle part of the lower connecting plate 15 is sunken into the guide sleeve 1 to form a tea-cup-shaped bulge 15-1, and the lower end of the bulge 15-1 is fixedly connected with the driving pressure plate 5 through screws.
Referring to fig. 1, a gap larger than the amplitude is provided between the lower connecting plate 15 and the ring cover 2
Referring to fig. 1-7, a back pressure device is arranged in the guide sleeve 1, and the back pressure device comprises two groups of prepressing steel cables, two floating press plates and eight steel cable self-locking tensioning anchors 19; the two groups of pre-pressing steel cables are a first group of pre-pressing steel cables 8 consisting of three pre-pressing steel cables and a second group of pre-pressing steel cables 9 consisting of five pre-pressing steel cables; the two floating pressure plates are a first floating pressure plate 6 arranged between the driving pressure plate 5 and the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 and a second floating pressure plate 7 arranged between the base 3 and the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4, and are respectively in movable fit with the inner wall of the guide sleeve 1;
referring to fig. 8-12, each steel cable self-locking tensioning anchor 19 is composed of a first self-centering locking clamp, a second self-centering locking clamp, an anti-torsion compression spring 19-1 and a planar bearing 19-2, wherein:
the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat 19-3, the edge of the connecting seat 19-3 is provided with a mounting hole 19-12, the middle part of the lower end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss 19-4, a first taper hole 19-5 is formed in the boss 19-4 along the axial lead, a first tapered clamping jaw 19-7 consisting of 3 claw pieces is arranged in the taper hole, the outer peripheral surface of the boss 19-4 is sleeved with a tensioning screw sleeve 19-6, and the first tapered clamping jaw are in threaded connection; the small end of the first tapered clamp 19-7 points to the connecting seat 19-3, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6 is in a regular hexagon shape;
the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve 19-8, and a section of second taper hole 19-13 and a section of threaded hole are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve 19-8 along the axis; the second taper clamping jaw 19-9 consisting of 3 jaw pieces is arranged in the second taper hole 19-13, the threaded hole is internally provided with a hollow bolt 19-10, the head of the hollow bolt 19-10 is opposite to the big end of the second taper clamping jaw 19-9, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve 19-8 is in a regular hexagon shape;
the plane bearing 19-2 is composed of a ball-retainer assembly 19-11 and annular raceways which are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6 opposite to the taper sleeve 19-8, wherein the annular raceways are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly 19-11;
the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw 19-9 and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw 19-7 are in the same direction; the plane bearing 19-2 is positioned between the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6 and the taper sleeve 19-8, and the anti-torsion compression spring 19-1 is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6. After the pre-pressing steel cable penetrates out from the space between the claw sheets of the first conical clamping jaw 19-7, the center hole of the plane bearing 19-2 and the space between the claw sheets of the second conical clamping jaw 19-9 through the anti-twisting compression spring 19-1, under the tension of the pre-pressing steel cable, one end of the anti-twisting compression spring 19-1 acts on the first conical clamping jaw 19-7, and the other end acts on the conical sleeve 19-8.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the two groups of pre-pressed steel cables are respectively and symmetrically distributed in the annular space around the axis of the guide sleeve 1 in a linear state, each pre-pressed steel cable is parallel to the axis of the guide sleeve 1, and the distance from the first group of pre-pressed steel cables 8 to the axis of the guide sleeve is equal to the distance from the second group of pre-pressed steel cables 9 to the axis of the guide sleeve; the lower ends of the first group of prepressing steel cables 8 are respectively fixed on the second floating pressing plate 7 by lifting ring screws 12, and the upper ends of the first group of prepressing steel cables respectively pass through the first floating pressing plate 6 and are anchored on the driving pressing plate 5 by a steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage 19; the upper ends of the second group of prepressing steel cables 9 are respectively fixed on the first floating pressing plate 6 by lifting bolts 12, and the lower ends of the second group of prepressing steel cables penetrate through the second floating pressing plate 7 and are anchored on the base 3 by a steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage 19; a first through hole 10 for each first group of pre-pressing steel cables 8 to pass through is formed in the position, through which each first group of pre-pressing steel cables 8 passes, of the first floating pressing plate 6, and the diameter of the first through hole 10 is larger than that of the first group of pre-pressing steel cables 8; on the driving pressure plate 5, a first anchoring hole 5-1 for anchoring the first group of pre-pressed steel cables 8 is arranged at the position where each first group of pre-pressed steel cables 8 passes through. A second through hole 11 for each second set of pre-pressing steel cables 9 to pass through is formed in the position, through which each second set of pre-pressing steel cables 9 passes, of the second floating pressing plate 7, and the diameter of the second through hole 11 is larger than that of the second set of pre-pressing steel cables 9; and a second anchoring hole 3-1 for anchoring the second group of pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 is formed in the penetrating position of each second group of pre-pressed steel wire ropes 9 on the base 3. The method for fixing the tensile steel cable and the prepressing steel cable on the corresponding components by the lifting ring screw comprises the following steps: the eye screw 12 is fixed to the corresponding component, and then one end of the pre-pressed steel cable is tied to the eye of the eye screw and fixed by a steel cable clamp (not shown).
Referring to fig. 1, the connecting seat 19-3 of the cable self-locking tension anchor 19 is fixed to the lower surface of the first base 3 or the upper surface of the driving platen 5 by screws. Wherein a gap larger than the amplitude is arranged between the top of the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage device 19 fixed on the upper surface of the driving pressing plate 5 and the annular sealing cover 2.
The tensile steel cable and the pre-pressing steel cable in the embodiment can be steel cables or prestressed steel strands, and can be selected according to actual requirements during specific implementation.
Referring to fig. 1-3 and fig. 6, positioning rings 18 with inner diameters matched with the outer diameters of the end plates 4-2 of the cylindrical rubber elastic bodies 4 are respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the first floating pressing plate 6 and the second floating pressing plate 7, and the end plates 4-2 at the two ends of the cylindrical rubber elastic bodies 4 are respectively embedded in the positioning rings 18 on the first floating pressing plate 6 and the second floating pressing plate 7.
Referring to fig. 1-3, in order to achieve the purpose of presetting the early vertical stiffness, the three-dimensional shock insulation support mounting method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, calculating the length of the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 meeting the vertical early stiffness according to the preset vertical early stiffness and the characteristic parameters of the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4; (2) according to the figure 1, a cylindrical rubber elastic body 4, a back pressure device and a driving pressure plate 5 of the vertical shock insulation support are assembled, so that the other end of each prepressing steel cable penetrates out of central holes of a first conical clamping jaw 19-7, a second conical clamping jaw 19-9 and a hollow bolt 19-10 of a corresponding steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage 19; then, (3) the rope end of the exposed prepressing steel rope is tied on a traction stretching machine, and the compression amount (namely the stretching distance) of the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 is monitored while the stretching is carried out so as to determine the distance between the two floating pressure plates; when the distance between the two floating pressure plates is equal to the length of compressing the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 to meet the vertical early rigidity, moving the second self-centering locking clamp forwards, adjusting and screwing the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6 simultaneously, so that the plane bearing 19-2 is tightly clamped between the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6 and the taper sleeve 19-8, the anti-torsion compression spring 19-1 is compressed, the generated tension pushes the first tapered clamping jaw 19-7 to move forwards to clamp the pre-pressed steel cable, and then screwing the hollow bolt 19-10 clamps the pre-pressed steel cable in the second tapered clamping jaw 19-9; after that, the traction stretching machine is removed, and the redundant prepressing steel cable is cut off, so that the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 can be always clamped between the two floating pressing plates; (4) sleeving the part obtained in the previous step into a guide sleeve 1, and sequentially installing an annular sealing cover 2 and a lower connecting plate 18 of a laminated rubber shock insulation support; (5) and finally, installing other parts of the laminated rubber vibration isolation support above the lower connecting plate 18 according to the figures 1 and 4 to obtain the three-dimensional vibration isolation device.
When the vertical early stiffness is preset, the sum of the tensions of the two groups of prepressing steel cables is more than or equal to the vertical static load born by the three-dimensional shock isolation device.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 8 to 12, in the construction process or the daily maintenance process of installing the damper, if the tension of a certain pre-pressed steel cable is found to be insufficient, the tensioning screw sleeve 19-6 in the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage 19 can be screwed to adjust.
Under ideal conditions, the building should not displace when the vertical waves of the earthquake are transmitted to the building through the shock isolation device. Based on this, the working principle of the vertical shock insulation of the three-dimensional shock insulation support of the embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, when the dynamic load generated by the vertical wave of the earthquake overcomes the vertical early stiffness, if the dynamic load pushes up the base 3 along the axis of the guide sleeve 1, the reaction force of the driving platen 5 compresses the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 downward, and the base 3 moves upward along with the ground without the building moving; if the base 3 is pulled down along the axis of the guide sleeve 1 by the dynamic load, the two groups of prepressing steel cables respectively pull the two floating pressure plates to move relatively to compress the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4, and the base 3 moves downwards along with the ground away from the driving pressure plate 5, so that the building still does not move. Therefore, when the ground vibrates up and down due to the longitudinal seismic wave, the cylindrical rubber elastic body can be compressed to generate elastic deformation so as to consume energy. Similarly, when the building shakes under the action of wind vibration or horizontal seismic waves, the cylindrical rubber elastic body can be compressed to generate elastic deformation and consume energy no matter the dynamic load generated by the building on the three-dimensional shock insulation support is tensile force or pressure.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 as follows:
referring to fig. 13 to 15, the first set of pre-pressing steel cables 8 and the second set of pre-pressing steel cables 9 are composed of three pre-pressing steel cables. The number of the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchors 19 is six, and the six steel cable self-locking tensioning anchors are respectively used for fixing the other end of each prepressing steel cable.
Referring to fig. 13, in order to increase the bearing capacity of the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 and prevent the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 from being unstable in the horizontal direction due to the overlarge axial length, the cylindrical rubber elastic body 4 in the embodiment is formed by alternately overlapping and vulcanizing two layers of solid rubber blocks 4-1 and a layer of steel plate 4-3, and the two ends of the elastic body are provided with end plates 4-2.
In this example, the above-described embodiment is the same as example 1.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 16 to 18, the present example is different from example 2 in that the first set of pre-pressed steel cables 8 and the second set of pre-pressed steel cables 9 are each composed of five pre-pressed steel cables. The number of the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchors 19 is ten, and the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchors are respectively used for fixing the other end of each prepressing steel cable.
Other embodiments than the above-described embodiment are the same as embodiment 2.
Claims (3)
1. A three-dimensional isolation bearing capable of adjusting vertical early rigidity comprises a laminated rubber isolation bearing and a vertical isolation bearing which are sequentially connected in series from top to bottom; wherein,
the laminated rubber shock-insulation support comprises an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate, a laminated rubber pad clamped between the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate and at least three tensile steel cables uniformly distributed around the laminated rubber pad; one end of the tensile steel cable is fixed on the upper connecting plate, the other end of the tensile steel cable is fixed on the lower connecting plate, and the connecting line of the upper fixing point and the lower fixing point is parallel to the central axis of the laminated rubber pad;
the vertical shock insulation support comprises a base, and a guide sleeve extending upwards is arranged on the upper surface of the base; a spring is coaxially arranged in the guide sleeve, and a driving pressing plate is arranged at the upper head of the spring; the middle part of a lower connecting plate of the laminated rubber shock-insulation support is sunken into the guide sleeve to form a bulge, and the lower end of the bulge is fixedly connected with the driving pressure plate;
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the spring is a cylindrical rubber elastic body, the outer diameter of the cylindrical rubber elastic body is smaller than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and an annular space is formed between the cylindrical rubber elastic body and the guide sleeve;
a back pressure device is also arranged in the guide sleeve of the vertical shock insulation support, the back pressure device comprises two groups of prepressing steel cables with at least three numbers, two floating press plates and a steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage device with the number equal to the sum of the two groups of prepressing steel cables, wherein,
one of the two floating pressure plates is arranged between the driving pressure plate and the cylindrical rubber elastic body, and the other floating pressure plate is arranged between the base and the cylindrical rubber elastic body;
the cable wire auto-lock tensioning ground tackle constitute by first self-centering locking clamp, the second self-centering locking clamp, prevent turning round compression spring and plane bearing, wherein:
A) the first self-centering locking clamp is provided with a connecting seat, the middle part of one end of the connecting seat is provided with an axially extending cylindrical boss, a first conical clamping jaw consisting of 3-5 claw pieces is arranged in the boss along the axial lead, and a tensioning screw sleeve is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the boss; the small end of the first conical clamping jaw points to the connecting seat, and the outer peripheral surface of the tensioning screw sleeve is in a regular hexagon shape;
B) the second self-centering locking clamp is provided with a taper sleeve, a second tapered clamping jaw and a hollow bolt which are composed of 3-5 jaw pieces are sequentially arranged in the taper sleeve along the axis, the head of the hollow bolt is opposite to the big end of the second tapered clamping jaw, and the peripheral surface of the taper sleeve is regular hexagon;
C) the plane bearing is composed of a ball-retainer assembly and annular roller paths respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the tensioning screw sleeve opposite to the taper sleeve, wherein the annular roller paths are matched with the balls in the ball-retainer assembly;
D) the second self-centering locking clamp is positioned on the outer side of the head of the tensioning threaded sleeve, and the small head of the second conical clamping jaw and the small head of the first conical clamping jaw point to the same direction; the plane bearing is positioned between the tensioning threaded sleeve and the taper sleeve, and the anti-torsion compression spring is arranged in an inner hole of the tensioning threaded sleeve; after the prepressing steel cable penetrates out from the space between the claw sheets of the first conical clamping jaw through the center hole of the anti-torsion compression spring and the plane bearing and the space between the claw sheets of the second conical clamping jaw, under the tension action of the prepressing steel cable, one end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the first conical clamping jaw, and the other end of the anti-torsion compression spring acts on the conical sleeve;
the two groups of prepressing steel cables are symmetrically distributed in the annular space in a linear state around the axis of the guide sleeve respectively, one end of each group of prepressing steel cables is fixed on the floating pressing plate adjacent to the driving pressing plate respectively, and the other end of each group of prepressing steel cables penetrates through the floating pressing plate adjacent to the base respectively and is anchored on the base through the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage; one end of the other group of prepressing steel cables is respectively fixed on the floating pressing plates adjacent to the base, and the other end of the other group of prepressing steel cables respectively penetrates through the floating pressing plates adjacent to the driving pressing plates and is anchored on the driving pressing plates through the steel cable self-locking tensioning anchorage devices;
the floating pressing plate is provided with through holes which penetrate through the prepressing steel cable at the positions which penetrate through the prepressing steel cable, and the aperture of each through hole is larger than the diameter of the prepressing steel cable which penetrates through the through hole;
the guide sleeve and the two floating pressure plates are respectively in movable fit;
tensioning the two groups of prepressing steel cables to enable the distance between the two floating press plates to be equal to the length of compressing the cylindrical rubber elastic body to preset vertical early stiffness;
and tensioning the tensile steel cable to provide pre-pressure equal to the designed static load for the laminated rubber pad.
2. The three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing capable of adjusting the early vertical stiffness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tensile steel cable and the pre-stressed steel cable are steel cables or prestressed steel strands.
3. The three-dimensional vibration isolation bearing capable of adjusting the vertical early stiffness according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a positioning ring is respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the two floating pressure plates, and both ends of the cylindrical rubber elastic body are respectively embedded in the positioning rings.
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| CN1005745B (en) * | 1987-02-07 | 1989-11-08 | 华东建筑设计院 | Prestressed damping spring vibration-reducing apparatus |
| KR100187527B1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1999-06-01 | 이종훈 | Horizontal and vertical seismic isolation bearing |
| CN2837412Y (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-11-15 | 上海环星减振器有限公司 | Displacement-compensation vibration-isolation buffer |
| CN200943268Y (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2007-09-05 | 广州大学 | Improved tri-dimensional shock insulation device |
| CN201136517Y (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2008-10-22 | 中国北车集团四方车辆研究所 | Bidirectional buffer for pulling-pressing conversion of elastic body |
| CN103343593B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-08-12 | 长沙理工大学 | Prestressed tendon anchorage device capable of being freely regulated and controlled at high precision |
| CN104532834A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-22 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司勘察设计分公司 | Energy-dissipation self-adaptive anti-seismic anchor rope structure and implementation method thereof |
| CN105971357B (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2018-05-01 | 燕山大学 | Piston type SMA- Piezoelectric anisotropy friction-changing dampers |
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