CN106069017A - A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted - Google Patents
A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069017A CN106069017A CN201610427981.7A CN201610427981A CN106069017A CN 106069017 A CN106069017 A CN 106069017A CN 201610427981 A CN201610427981 A CN 201610427981A CN 106069017 A CN106069017 A CN 106069017A
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- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009356 triple cropping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage to improve the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted, employing 2 years triple-cropping system rotation systems of wheat paddy rice peanut: rice cultivation after harvesting wheat, after rice harves, during planting peanut, peanut growth the coming year, do not apply the agricultural chemicals of preventing and controlling subterranean pest；Planting wheat, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat after harvesting peanut, such samsara is planted, within 2 years, is a cycle.The present invention passes through rice cultivation, creating a kind of anaerobic environment to soil, physical method kills germ and insect, need not apply the agricultural chemicals of preventing and controlling subterranean pest during peanut growth, can not only effectively reduce environmental pollution, and the method prevention and control underground disease pest effect is very notable.It is also remarkably improved peanut strain full fruit number, hundred benevolence weights and economic flow rate, be obviously improved peanut economic worth.Comprehensive benefit is notable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, specifically a kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green that peanut yield is constituted
Alternating method.
Background technology
Peanut is the important oil plant of China and industrial crops, is the important quality plant grease of people's lives and protein comes
Source, occupies critical role in national economy with social development.China's peanut cultivation area about 5,000,000 hectares, occupies the world
Two, Shandong is one of peanut main product province of China, and cultivated area and yield Jun Ju China are the first.But the continuous cropping obstacle of peanut is relatively
Weight, plantation year after year easily causes underground pest and disease damage aggravation, and root nodule numbers reduces, nitrogen fixing capacity declines, and yield reduces, quality variation,
Reduce its economic worth.Current prevention and controls mainly has the resistance to continuous cropping kind of selection, spreads fertilizer over the fields agricultural chemicals etc. in soil, but preventing and treating effect
Fruit is all undesirable.
Current Huang-Huai-Hai peanut main producing region uses traditional wheat interplanting peanut cultivation mode, or wheat-peanut crop rotation, but
Not yet have by improving farming planting system, improve peanut quality, the green planting method mitigating peanut underground pest and disease damage.
Content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes the mode of a kind of wheat-peanut-paddy rice crop rotation, can be effectively anti-
Control underground pest and disease damage, improves peanut yield and constitutes.
To this end, it is that a kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green wheel that peanut yield is constituted that the present invention uses technical scheme
Make method, employing wheat-paddy rice-peanut 2 years triple-cropping system rotation system: rice cultivation after harvesting wheat, after rice harves, come
The agricultural chemicals of preventing and controlling subterranean pest is not applied during year planting peanut, peanut growth；Wheat is planted, after harvesting wheat after harvesting peanut
Re-planting paddy, such samsara is planted, within 2 years, is a cycle.
Key step is as follows:
(1) wheat is planted: wheat is carried out according to general planting pattern；Early or mid June, timely with rotary cultivator after harvesting wheat
Rotary tillage stubble-cleaning.
(2) rice cultivation: paddy rice uses transplants rice transplanting or direct-seeding；
Transplanting rice transplanting: after rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, upper water is raked rice transplanting；Do not planted the dry land of paddy rice for many years, preferably with the many rakes of water rake
Several times, to set up water conservation layer, according to the heavy real mud of soil property, in good time rice transplanting.Routine Management after rice transplanting.According to local weather
Feature, selects the rice varieties of moderate growth duration, it is ensured that normal mature before the winter.
Live: rotary tillage can be sowed to not having big clod.Can use and broadcast sowing or drilling, depth of planting is less than 2cm, broadcasts
Upper water, water conservation 2 days after Zhong.Ground moistening, Routine Management after tri-leaf period was kept before tri-leaf period.
The dry land of non-for many years rice cultivation, owing to not having water conservation layer, first plantation should little water duty fill, to meet each life of paddy rice
Phase of educating normally needs water, the rear for many years normal management of rice cultivation.
(3) planting peanut: after rice harves, turned over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up before the winter, late April in the coming year, temperature is stably rear plants flower wholely
Raw.Need not apply the agricultural chemicals of preventing and controlling subterranean pest during peanut growth, other manage routinely and carry out.
Planting wheat, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat after harvesting peanut, such samsara is planted, within 2 years, is a cycle.
The inventive method is applicable to Huanghuai Area.
The advantage of the inventive method:
1st, environmental protection effect is good: by rice cultivation, creating a kind of anaerobic environment to soil, physical method kills germ
And insect, the agricultural chemicals of preventing and controlling subterranean pest need not be applied during peanut growth, can not only effectively reduce environmental pollution, and should
Method prevention and control underground disease pest effect is very notable.
2nd, yield forming improves high efficiency: this green cultural method is remarkably improved peanut strain full fruit number, hundred benevolence weights and warp
Ji yield, is obviously improved peanut economic worth.
3rd, comprehensive benefit is notable: this green cultural method uses paddy rice-peanut-wheat 2 years triple-cropping system cropping pattern,
While increasing economic efficiency, reaching land used and increasing soil fertility and make overall plans, comprehensive benefit is notable.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific implementation method, technical scheme and produced technique effect thereof are done further
Illustrating, the present invention, merely to explain the present invention, but is any limitation as by the description below never in any form, based on present invention teach that
Any conversion made or replacement, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1. prevention and control of the present invention underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted, concrete steps
It is,
1st, wheat cultivation plantation
(1) wholely: after preceding crop results, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500-2000 kilogram, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15-18 kilogram, urine
Element 10 kilograms, is uniformly spread in ground.Watering sufficient pre-sowing water to the not enough plot of soil moisture, ploughing in the suitable moisture in the soil phase, tilling depth reaches
To 25 centimetres, flattening plot, site preparation quality reaches " neat, flat, loose, broken, net, moisture in the soil " six sign standard, whole waits to broadcast well.
(2) sow: select the wheat breeding being suitable for locality plantation, the sowing time typically at the beginning of by the end of September 10 months, application rate
18-20 kg/acre, using 24 row seeder machinery drillings, line-spacing is 15 centimetres and waits line-spacing sowing, depth of planting 4-6 centimetre.
(3) field management: when Wheat Growing Soils water content drops to below 15%, should winter irrigation in time.General wheatland winter irrigation exists
Carry out during daily mean temperature 2-3 DEG C.Wheat rises after one's death, and general main stem leaf age is spring two leaf stage, water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles in time, and irrigation quantity is 60
Side/mu, after head water, after two water spacers 10-15 days.Fill even, fill thoroughly, irrigation quantity 50-60 side.After wheat heading, wheatland can not
Lack of water, it is ensured that wheatland moistens.Being spaced and filling a water in about 15 days, irrigation quantity is 60 sides/mu, light irrigation wheat yellow water.
Before water of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles, every mu chases after 10-12 kilogram of urea, chases after 8-10 kilogram of urea to growing more prosperous wheatland every mu.Wheat
At the flowering post-grouting initial stage, mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100-150 gram adds 100 grams of urea and is watered 30 kilograms and carries out foliage-spray, can have
Effect improves mass of 1000 kernel and the yield of wheat.
Wheat seed all turns yellow, and water content, below 18%, can be gathered in the crops.
Disease pest and weed preventing and treating and other agronomic measures are carried out routinely.
2nd, rice cultivation planting
Early or mid June, leveling of being ploughed in time by rotary cultivator after harvesting wheat, prepare for rice cultivation.Can use live
Or transplanting Transplanting pattern, according to local climatic characteristic, select the rice varieties of moderate growth duration, it is ensured that normal mature before the winter.
(1) live
Execute the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed 1500 kilograms, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15-20 kilogram or composite fertilizer (N:P in conjunction with arable land mu2O5:K2O
=15:15:15) 30 kilograms.Also can with seed manure one seeder, chemical fertilizer be applied at seeding time.Should be whole as early as possible after harvesting wheat
Ground sowing, 8-9 kilogram of dry seeds of the mu amount of broadcasting.Use artificial broadcast and machinery drilling.Depth of planting is less than 2 centimetres.
After planting pour water 3-5 centimetre, water conservation 2-3 days.Emerged to 3 leaf phases holding ground moistening, 3 leaf phases to boot stage,
Take Surge Irrigation water law；Heading stage keeps shoaling layer to blooming stage；Pustulation period uses Surge Irrigation water law；Harvesting stops filling the last week
Water.
Before and after 3 leaf phases, mu executes about 7.5 kilograms of tillering fertilizer urea, executes about 12.5 kilograms of tillering fertilizer urea after 10 days again,
Execute about 10 kilograms of ear manuer urea, take the circumstances into consideration to execute 4-5 kilogram of colored granulated fertilizer urea or foliage application 1-2 time boot stage.
(2) machine rice transplantation
Water can be gone up after rotary tillage stubble-cleaning rake, not plant the dry land of paddy rice for many years, and preferably harrowed several times by water rake, to set up more
Water conservation layer, according to the heavy real mud of soil property, in good time rice transplanting.
Basal fertilizer applying method is with live.
The machine transplanting of rice time is 15-25 day in June, and water depth preferably controls at 1-1.5 centimetre, had both prevented depth of water drift seedling, and had prevented again
Anhydrous viscous seedling.The machine transplanting of rice degree of depth: control at 1.5-2 centimetre.Transplanting Density: line-spacing 30 centimetres, cave away from 12-14 centimetre, Basic Seedling control
System is at 8-9 ten thousand/mu.
Rice transplanting flood seedling-protection to be filled (never drowned) after completing, prevents from being tanned severely by the sun.Surge Irrigation water law is used after turning green,
I.e. pour water 3-5 centimetre, after it naturally falls and does, then pour water.Seeing that seedling puts field, enough seedlings are i.e. put, and typically repeatedly gently put mid-July,
Reduce ineffective tillering, then rehydration, set up shoaling layer, it is ensured that more than every cave mature spike number 12 fringe, mu becomes fringe more than 220,000.Blooming stage
Never being dehydrated, based on setting up shoaling layer, the pustulation period uses intermittent irrigation method, until results.
After cultivation, 7-10 days mu executes 7.5 kilograms of urea as dressing of turnning green stage, plants latter 14 days mu and executes 12.5-17.5 kilogram of urea and divide
Fetilizer for tillering, make paddy rice send out soon, multiple, surely send out.Earing first 30 days, it is fertile as ear differentiation that mu executes 10 kilograms of urea.
The dry land of non-for many years rice cultivation, owing to not having water conservation layer, first plantation should little water duty fill, to meet each life of paddy rice
Phase of educating normally needs water, the rear for many years normal management of rice cultivation.
Disease pest and weed preventing and treating during method of raising seedling and paddy growth is carried out routinely.
3rd, peanut cultivation plantation
After rice harves, turning over and sun the earth which has been ploughed up before the winter, mid or late April in the coming year, temperature is stably rear plants peanut wholely.
Sufficient pre-sowing water is watered to the not enough plot of soil moisture, ploughs in the suitable moisture in the soil phase, flatten plot, whole wait to broadcast well.Knot
Close rotary tillage every mu organic fertilizer 1000-1500 kilogram, spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) 30 kilograms.Accomplish ground
Even, moisture in the soil foot thin, fertile flat, native.
Select the combined peanut seeder that economical character is excellent, by peanut seeding, ridging, spraying herbicide, overlay film, film
Firming once completes.Peanut seeding density is 9500-10000 cave/mu.
Soil on film is recalled in furrow after emerging by peanut in time, and 4 leaf phases managed out the side shoot under mulch film before blooming in time.Flower
Raw floricome phase and fruiting period, are more sensitive to moisture, when here blade occurs withering at noon, should water in right amount in time.The full fruit phase
Meet non-irrigated little water profit to water, if rainwater is more after bearing pods, should drainage waterlogging prevention in time.
The agricultural chemicals of preventing and controlling subterranean pest need not be applied during peanut growth, other disease pest and weed prevention and control manage routinely into
OK.
Planting wheat, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat after harvesting peanut, such samsara is planted, within 2 years, is a cycle.
Comparative example 1. alternating method of the present invention compares with conventional wheat-peanut alternating method
2013-2015 years, choosing two pieces of suitable fields of fertility, one piece of field uses wheat-peanut-paddy rice crop rotation of the present invention
Method, another block field uses conventional wheat-peanut alternating method.Peanut yield is constituted and underground pest and disease damage situation is added up
Analyzing, result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Research shows, compared with wheat-peanut crop rotation, wheat-peanut-paddy rice crop rotation of the present invention is remarkably improved peanut and produces
Amount and composition, the generation of effective prevention and control underground pest and disease damage.This explanation, wheat-peanut-paddy rice crop rotation is to release peanut continuous cropping barrier
The effective measures hindering, are also to ensure that the effective means that grain and oil persistently increase production.
Claims (4)
1. prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted, and it is characterized in that, uses wheat-water
2 years triple-cropping system rotation systems of rice-peanut: rice cultivation after harvesting wheat, after rice harves, plant peanut, peanut growth the coming year
Period does not apply the agricultural chemicals of preventing and controlling subterranean pest；Wheat, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat, such samsara is planted after harvesting peanut
Plantation, 2 years is a cycle.
2. alternating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, key step is as follows:
(1) wheat is planted: wheat is carried out according to general planting pattern；With the timely rotary tillage stubble-cleaning of rotary cultivator after harvesting wheat；
(2) rice cultivation: paddy rice uses transplants rice transplanting or direct-seeding；
Transplanting rice transplanting: after rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, upper water is raked rice transplanting；Routine Management after rice transplanting；
Live: rotary tillage, to not having big clod to sow, uses and broadcasts sowing or drilling, and depth of planting is less than 2cm, after planting goes up
Water, water conservation 2 days；Ground moistening, Routine Management after tri-leaf period was kept before tri-leaf period；
(3) peanut is planted: after rice harves, turned over before the winter and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, late April in the coming year, plant peanut wholely；
Planting wheat, re-planting paddy after harvesting wheat after harvesting peanut, such samsara is planted, within 2 years, is a cycle.
3. alternating method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, during described transplanting rice transplanting, does not plants the drought of paddy rice for many years
Field, is harrowed several time by water rake more, sets up water conservation layer.
4. alternating method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described transplanting rice transplanting or live when, non-for many years rice cultivation
Dry land, first plantation uses the diligent irrigation method of little water.
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| CN107637414A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-30 | 刘万顺 | One cultivates peanut, the implantation methods of garlic crop rotation stable yields |
| CN109169068A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | A method of it helps and moves from wheatland to corn field predator |
| CN112314371A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 湄潭县宫廷香米业有限责任公司 | Green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests |
| CN112970547A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 南阳市经济作物技术推广站 | Peanut planting method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
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| CN106069017B (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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