CN105954913B - 一种液晶显示器及显示装置 - Google Patents
一种液晶显示器及显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种液晶显示器及显示装置,当液晶显示器通电时,像素电极与公共电极形成电场,液晶分子在电场作用下发生偏转,但是由于聚合物网络作用,使液晶聚合物呈散射态破坏了背光源的光线在两基板之间的全反射条件,因此背光源中至少有部分光经液晶聚合物散射后从第一基板一侧射出。当液晶显示器处于关态时,液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向与液晶聚合物中长链的延伸方向一致,液晶聚合物呈透明态。因此上述液晶显示器,通过电场开态和关态作用,液晶分子可以发生旋转或恢复,从而达到液晶显示的作用。但是由于与现有的液晶显示器相比省去了两片偏光片的设置,因此当应用于透明显示器时,具有较高的透明度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,尤指一种液晶显示器及显示装置。
背景技术
液晶显示器一般包括上基板和下基板,位于上基板和下基板之间的液晶层和用于在液晶层的两侧产生电场的像素电极和公共电极,位于上基板外侧的上偏光片和位于下基板外侧的下偏光片,以及背光源。
随着显示技术的发展,基于液晶显示器的透明显示器越来越受到人们的关注,尤其是在橱窗,建筑,车辆等场所被广泛使用。但是,现有的透明液晶显示器存在透过率不高的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明实施例提供了一种液晶显示器及显示装置,用以提供液晶显示器的透过率。
本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示器,包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板,还包括:位于所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间的液晶聚合物,位于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间且相互绝缘的像素电极和公共电极,用于提供光源的侧入式背光源;其中,
所述液晶聚合物由液晶、可聚合液晶单体和光引发剂的混合物在紫外光照射作用下形成;
当所述液晶显示器处于关态时,所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向与所述液晶聚合物中长链的延伸方向一致;当所述液晶显示器通电时,所述像素电极与所述公共电极形成电场,所述液晶聚合物在所述电场的作用下呈散射态,以使所述背光源中至少有部分光经所述液晶聚合物散射后从所述第一基板一侧射出。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极和所述公共电极分别位于所述液晶聚合物的两侧;
所述液晶聚合物中的液晶为正性液晶,在所述液晶显示器处于关态时所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向;或者,所述液晶聚合物中的液晶为负性液晶,在所述液晶显示器处于关态时所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向平行于所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极和所述公共电极均位于所述液晶聚合物的同一侧;
所述液晶聚合物中的液晶为正性液晶,在所述液晶显示器处于关态时所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向平行于所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向;或者,所述液晶聚合物中的液晶为负性液晶,在所述液晶显示器处于关态时所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极和所述公共电极同层且间隔设置。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极与所述公共电极异层设置;
所述液晶显示器还包括位于所述像素电极与所述公共电极之间的绝缘层。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极和所述公共电极均位于所述第二基板面向所述液晶聚合物的一侧。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与第二基板之间,所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间;或
所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与第二基板之间,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极和所述公共电极均位于所述第一基板面向所述液晶聚合物的一侧。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与第一基板之间,所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间;或
所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与第一基板之间,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,还包括:位于所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间的辅助电极,且所述辅助电极和所述像素电极分别位于所述液晶聚合物的两侧。
相应地,本发明实施例还提供了一种显示装置,包括本发明实施例提供的上述任一种液晶显示器。
本发明有益效果如下:
本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示器及显示装置,由于液晶聚合物是由液晶、可聚合液晶单体和光引发剂的混合物在紫外光照射作用下形成,而该混合物在紫外光照射后,可聚合液晶单体会发生聚合,聚合物长链方向与液晶分子的长轴方向基本一致。因此,当上述液晶显示器通电时,像素电极与公共电极形成电场,液晶聚合物中的液晶分子在电场作用下发生偏转,但是由于聚合物网络作用,使液晶聚合物呈散射态,而散射态破坏了背光源的光线在两基板之间的全反射条件,因此可以使背光源中至少有部分光经液晶聚合物散射后从第一基板一侧射出。当液晶显示器处于关态时,液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向与液晶聚合物中长链的延伸方向一致,液晶聚合物呈透明态。因此上述液晶显示器,通过电场开态和关态作用,液晶分子可以发生旋转或恢复,从而达到液晶显示的作用。但是当液晶显示器处于关态时,由于与现有的液晶显示器相比省去两片偏光片的设置,透过率可达90%,因此当应用于透明显示器时,具有较高的透明度。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之一;
图2为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之二;
图3为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之三;
图4为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之四;
图5为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之五;
图6为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之六;
图7为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之七;
图8为本发明提供的液晶显示器的结构示意图之八。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的,技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图,对本发明实施例提供的液晶显示器及显示装置的具体实施方式进行详细地说明。
附图中各部件的形状和大小不反映液晶显示器的真实比例,目的只是示意说明本发明内容。
本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示器,如图1至图6所示,包括相对设置的第一基板10和第二基板20,还包括:位于第一基板10与第二基板20之间的液晶聚合物30,位于第一基板10和第二基板20之间且相互绝缘的像素电极11和公共电极12,用于提供光源的侧入式背光源40;其中,
液晶聚合物30由液晶、可聚合液晶单体和光引发剂的混合物在紫外光照射作用下形成;
当液晶显示器处于关态时,液晶聚合物30中液晶分子31的长轴方向与液晶聚合物30中长链32的延伸方向一致;当液晶显示器通电时,像素电极11与公共电极12形成电场,液晶聚合物30在电场的作用下呈散射态,以使背光源40中至少有部分光经液晶聚合物30散射后从第一基板10一侧射出。
本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器,由于液晶聚合物是由液晶、可聚合液晶单体和光引发剂的混合物在紫外光照射作用下形成,而该混合物在紫外光照射后,可聚合液晶单体会发生聚合,聚合物长链方向与液晶分子的长轴方向基本一致。因此,当上述液晶显示器通电时,像素电极与公共电极形成电场,液晶聚合物中的液晶分子在电场作用下发生偏转,但是由于聚合物网络作用,使液晶聚合物呈散射态,而散射态破坏了背光源的光线在两基板之间的全反射条件,因此可以使背光源中至少有部分光经液晶聚合物散射后从第一基板一侧射出。当液晶显示器处于关态时,液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向与液晶聚合物中长链的延伸方向一致,液晶聚合物呈透明态。因此上述液晶显示器,通过电场开态和关态作用,液晶分子可以发生旋转或恢复,从而达到液晶显示的作用。但是当液晶显示器处于关态时,由于与现有的液晶显示器相比省去两片偏光片的设置,透过率可达90%,因此当应用于透明显示器时,具有较高的透明度。
在具体实施时,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,在由液晶、可聚合液晶单体和光引发剂的混合物中,可聚合液晶单体的含量一般控制在1%-5%之间,光引发剂的含量一般控制在0.5%-3%之间。
在具体实施时,液晶又分为正性液晶和负性液晶,当吸电基团在液晶分子长轴一端时,介电常数Δε大于0,液晶呈正性;当吸电基团在液晶分子短轴方向时,Δε小于0,液晶呈负性。在电场的作用下,正性液晶和负性液晶均会受电场的影响发生旋转,正性液晶分子受电场作用时,液晶分子长轴方向沿电场切向的方向发生排列;不同的,负性液晶分子短轴方向沿电场方向发生排列。
因此,在具体实施时,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,如图1所示,像素电极11和公共电极12分别位于液晶聚合物的两侧,当液晶显示器通电时,像素电极与公共电极主要形成垂直电场。
当液晶聚合物30中的液晶为负性液晶时,在液晶显示器处于关态时液晶聚合物30中液晶分子31的长轴方向平行于液晶显示器的盒厚方向;这样当液晶显示器通电时,液晶聚合物30中的液晶分子31在垂直电场作用下其长轴方向沿垂直于盒厚方向偏转。
当液晶聚合物中的液晶为正性液晶时,在液晶显示器处于关态时液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于液晶显示器的盒厚方向;这样当液晶显示器通电时,液晶聚合物中的液晶分子在垂直电场作用下其长轴方向沿盒厚方向偏转。
或者,在具体实施时,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,如图2至图8所示,像素电极11和公共电极12均位于液晶聚合物30的同一侧;当液晶显示器通电时,像素电极11与公共电极12主要形成水平电场。
当液晶聚合物30中的液晶为正性液晶时,在液晶显示器处于关态时液晶聚合物30中液晶分子31的长轴方向平行于液晶显示器的盒厚方向;这样当液晶显示器通电时,液晶聚合物30中的液晶分子31在水平电场作用下其长轴方向沿盒垂直厚方向偏转。
当液晶聚合物中的液晶为负性液晶时,在液晶显示器处于关态时液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于液晶显示器的盒厚方向;这样当液晶显示器通电时,液晶聚合物中的液晶分子在水平电场作用下其长轴方向沿盒厚方向偏转。
说明书附图中除了图1其余附图均是以正性液晶为例进行说明的。
进一步地,在具体实施时,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,当在液晶显示器处于关态时液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于液晶显示器的盒厚方向时,一般需要采用垂直取向材料对基板进行垂直取向处理;当在液晶显示器处于关态时液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向沿液晶显示器的盒厚方向时,一般需要采用水平取向材料对基板进行水平取向处理。
需要说明的是,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,本领域技术人员公知的液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向与液晶聚合物中长链的延伸方向一致,是指基本上一致,而并不是严格意义上的完全一致。同理,液晶分子的长轴方向平行于或垂直于液晶显示器的盒厚方向,也是指近似平行于或近似垂直于,并不是绝对的平行和垂直。
较佳地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,如图7和图8所示,当像素电极11与公共电极12位于液晶聚合物30的同一侧时,还包括:位于第一基板10与第二基板20之间的辅助电极13,且辅助电极13和像素电极11分别位于液晶聚合物的两侧。辅助电极用于调整像素电极与公共电极形成的电场,以使其具有更多的水平分量,即辅助电极用于增大像素电极与公共电极形成的电场的水平分量。
需要说明的是,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,一般一个像素单元对应一个像素电极,一个液晶显示器对应一个辅助电极。
下面对公共电极与像素电极位于液晶聚合物的同一侧时,公共电极与像素电极的具体位置进行详细说明。
实施例一、
如图2所示,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,像素电极11和公共电极12同层且间隔设置。
进一步地,如图2所示,像素电极11和公共电极12可以位于第二基板面向液晶聚合物30一侧,当然像素电极和公共电极也可以位于第一基板面向液晶聚合物一侧,在此不作限定。
但是由于当液晶显示器通电时,背光源的光从第一基板一侧射出,即第一基板一侧为液晶显示器的出光侧,因此液晶显示器中的薄膜晶体管一般会设置在第一基板上,因此,较佳地,像素电极和公共电极位于第二基板面向液晶聚合物一侧,这样在工艺上便于实现薄膜晶体管与像素电极连接。
进一步地,在具体实施时,像素电极和公共电极均为条状电极,在此不作限定。
实施例二、
如图3和图4所示,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,像素电极11与公共电极12异层设置;
液晶显示器还包括位于像素电极11与公共电极12之间的绝缘层14。
在具体实施时,如图3和图4所示,像素电极11和公共电极12可以均位于第二基板20面向液晶聚合物30的一侧。
进一步地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,如图3所示,像素电极11位于绝缘层14与第二基板20之间,公共电极12位于绝缘层14与液晶聚合物30之间。
在具体实施时,公共电极可以为条状电极或狭缝状电极,像素电极可以为面状电极,在此不作限定。
或者,进一步地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,如图4所示,公共电极12位于绝缘层14与第二基板20之间,像素电极11位于绝缘层14与液晶聚合物30之间。
在具体实施时,像素电极可以为条状电极或狭缝状电极,公共电极可以为面状电极,在此不作限定。
实施例三、
如图5和图6所示,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,像素电极11与公共电极12异层设置;
液晶显示器还包括位于像素电极11与公共电极12之间的绝缘层14。
在具体实施时,如图5和图6所示,像素电极11和公共电极12可以均位于第一基板10面向液晶聚合物30的一侧。
进一步地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,如图5所示,像素电极11位于绝缘层14与第一基板10之间,公共电极12位于绝缘层14与液晶聚合物30之间。
在具体实施时,公共电极可以为条状电极或狭缝状电极,像素电极可以为面状电极,在此不作限定。
或者,进一步地,在本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器中,如图6所示,公共电极12位于绝缘层14与第一基板10之间,像素电极11位于绝缘层14与液晶聚合物30之间。
在具体实施时,像素电极可以为条状电极或狭缝状电极,公共电极可以为面状电极,在此不作限定。
进一步需要说明的是,本发明实施例提供的上述液晶显示器除了不包括偏光片,还包括有实现液晶显示的其它膜层和结构,例如薄膜晶体管、彩膜层、黑矩阵层、隔垫物等,这些膜层和结构的设置与现有技术中相同,在此不作详述。
基于同一发明构思,本发明实施例还提供了一种显示装置,包括本发明实施例提供的上述任一种液晶显示器。由于该显示装置解决问题的原理与前述一种液晶显示器相似,因此该显示装置的实施可以参见前述液晶显示器的实施,重复之处不再赘述。
本发明实施例提供的一种液晶显示器及显示装置,由于液晶聚合物是由液晶、可聚合液晶单体和光引发剂的混合物在紫外光照射作用下形成,而该混合物在紫外光照射后,可聚合液晶单体会发生聚合,聚合物长链方向与液晶分子的长轴方向基本一致。因此,当上述液晶显示器通电时,像素电极与公共电极形成电场,液晶聚合物中的液晶分子在电场作用下发生偏转,但是由于聚合物网络作用,使液晶聚合物呈散射态,而散射态破坏了背光源的光线在两基板之间的全反射条件,因此可以使背光源中至少有部分光经液晶聚合物散射后从第一基板一侧射出。当液晶显示器处于关态时,液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向与液晶聚合物中长链的延伸方向一致,液晶聚合物呈透明态。因此上述液晶显示器,通过电场开态和关态作用,液晶分子可以发生旋转或恢复,从而达到液晶显示的作用。但是当液晶显示器处于关态时,由于与现有的液晶显示器相比省去两片偏光片的设置,透过率可达90%,因此当应用于透明显示器时,具有较高的透明度。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (9)
1.一种液晶显示器,包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板,其特征在于,还包括:位于所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间的液晶聚合物,位于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间且相互绝缘的像素电极和公共电极,用于提供光源的侧入式背光源;其中,
所述液晶显示器为透明显示器;
所述侧入式背光源与所述液晶聚合物所在膜层同层设置;
所述液晶聚合物由液晶、可聚合液晶单体和光引发剂的混合物在紫外光照射作用下形成;
当所述液晶显示器处于关态时,所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向与所述液晶聚合物中长链的延伸方向一致,所述液晶聚合物呈透明态;当所述液晶显示器通电时,所述像素电极与所述公共电极形成电场,所述液晶聚合物在所述电场的作用下呈散射态,以使所述背光源中至少有部分光经所述液晶聚合物散射后从所述第一基板一侧射出;
所述像素电极和所述公共电极均位于所述液晶聚合物的同一侧;
所述液晶显示器还包括:位于所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间的辅助电极,且所述辅助电极和所述像素电极分别位于所述液晶聚合物的两侧;
所述辅助电极用于增大所述像素电极与所述公共电极形成的电场的水平分量。
2.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,
所述液晶聚合物中的液晶为正性液晶,在所述液晶显示器处于关态时所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向平行于所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向;或者,所述液晶聚合物中的液晶为负性液晶,在所述液晶显示器处于关态时所述液晶聚合物中液晶分子的长轴方向垂直于所述液晶显示器的盒厚方向。
3.如权利要求2所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述像素电极和所述公共电极同层且间隔设置。
4.如权利要求2所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述像素电极与所述公共电极异层设置;
所述液晶显示器还包括位于所述像素电极与所述公共电极之间的绝缘层。
5.如权利要求4所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述像素电极和所述公共电极均位于所述第二基板面向所述液晶聚合物的一侧。
6.如权利要求5所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与第二基板之间,所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间;或
所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与第二基板之间,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间。
7.如权利要求4所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述像素电极和所述公共电极均位于所述第一基板面向所述液晶聚合物的一侧。
8.如权利要求7所述的液晶显示器,其特征在于,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与第一基板之间,所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间;或
所述公共电极位于所述绝缘层与第一基板之间,所述像素电极位于所述绝缘层与所述液晶聚合物之间。
9.一种显示装置,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-8任一项所述的液晶显示器。
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