CN105899132B - 自供电分析物传感器以及使用其的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供了使用自供电分析物传感器和相关联的传感器电子组件监控分析物水平的系统、装置以及方法。
Description
优先权
根据35U.S.C.§119(e)，本申请要求题为“Self-Powered Analyte Sensor andDevices Using the Same”的于2013年12月31日提交的美国临时申请No.61/922,404的优先权，其公开内容通过引证结合于此。
背景技术
检测和/或监控某些人的葡萄糖水平或其他分析物(例如，乳酸盐、氧、A1C等)对其健康极其重要。例如，监控葡萄糖对糖尿病人非常重要。糖尿病人通常监控葡萄糖水平，以确定其葡萄糖水平是否保持在临床安全范围内，并且还可以使用该信息来确定是否和/或何时需要胰岛素来降低其体内的葡萄糖水平或者何时需要额外的葡萄糖来提高其体内的葡萄糖水平。
为了自动监控在体液(例如，在血流内或者在间质流体(“ISF”)内)或者其他生物液体内的分析物(例如，葡萄糖)，研制了装置。配置一些这种分析物测量装置，使得至少一部分装置放在用户的皮肤表面之下，例如，在血管内或者在用户的皮下组织内，使得在体内实现监控。
通过监控装置测量分析物(例如，葡萄糖)需要电力。当前监控装置需要外部电源来给传感电路供电并且在存储器内储存测量值，以供显示装置稍后检索。
发明内容
在某些实施方式中，分析物监控装置包括：自供电分析物传感器，其具有与在皮肤表面之下的间质流体流体接触的至少一部分；以及传感器电子组件，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，所述传感器电子组件被配置成接收所述自供电分析物传感器所生成的信号并且传送对应于所述自供电分析物传感器所监控的分析物水平的数据，所述传感器电子组件包括：缓冲电路，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，用于从所述自供电分析物传感器中接收所述已生成的信号；以及射频识别装置(RFID)电路，其可操作地耦合至所述缓冲电路，并且被配置成传送对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，一种分析物监控装置包括：自供电分析物传感器；以及传感器电子组件，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，所述传感器电子组件被配置成接收所述自供电分析物传感器所生成的信号并且传送对应于所述自供电分析物传感器所监控的分析物水平的数据，其中，在由远程电源供电时，并且在从所述远程电源中接收查询信号时，所述传感器电子组件从非活动状态过渡到活动状态，并且响应于查询信号，将对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据传送给所述远程电源。
在某些实施方式中，在与间质流体流体接触时，所述自供电分析物传感器被配置成连续生成对应于所述监控的分析物水平的信号。
在某些实施方式中，在所述传感器电子组件处于非活动状态中时，所述自供电分析物传感器生成对应于所述监控的分析物水平的信号。
在某些实施方式中，在处于非活动状态中时，所述传感器电子组件不操作。
在某些实施方式中，所述传感器电子组件包括缓冲电路，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，用于从所述自供电分析物传感器中接收生成的信号。
在某些实施方式中，所述传感器电子组件包括射频识别装置(RFID)电路，其可操作地耦合至所述缓冲电路，并且被配置成传送对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据。
在某些实施方式中，分析物监控装置进一步包括外壳，其封闭所述自供电传感器和所述传感器电子组件，其中，密封所述外壳，以阻止水分进入所述外壳。
在某些实施方式中，所述查询信号包括RFID信号。
在某些实施方式中，在所述传感器电子组件不在所述远程电源的范围内时，所述传感器电子组件从活动状态过渡到非活动状态。
在某些实施方式中，在与间质流体流体接触时，并且在所述传感器电子组件处于非活动状态中时，所述自供电分析物传感器被配置成生成所述信号。
在某些实施方式中，分析物监控装置进一步包括外壳，其封闭所述自供电传感器和所述传感器电子组件，所述外壳包括一个或多个机械元件，用于与远程装置在物理上可拆卸地接合。
在某些实施方式中，所述远程装置包括所述远程电源。
在某些实施方式中，所述一个或多个机械元件包括可释放闩、可释放臂部或者可释放锁中的一个或多个。
在某些实施方式中，一种分析物监控装置包括：自供电分析物传感器，其具有与在皮肤表面之下的间质流体流体接触的至少一部分；以及传感器电子组件，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，所述传感器电子组件被配置成接收所述自供电分析物传感器所生成的信号并且传送对应于所述自供电分析物传感器所监控的分析物水平的数据，所述传感器电子组件包括：缓冲电路，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，用于从所述自供电分析物传感器中接收所述已生成的信号；以及射频识别装置(RFID)电路，其可操作地耦合至所述缓冲电路，并且被配置成传送对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据，其中，在由远程电源供电时，并且在从所述远程电源中接收查询信号时，所述传感器电子组件从非活动状态过渡到活动状态，并且响应于查询信号，将对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据传送给所述远程电源。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，使用由随着时间累积的并且储存在电容器器件内的自供电传感器的氧化反应所生成的信号，累积充足的电荷，以驱动传感器电子组件处理与所监控的分析物水平相关的信号，包括储存、过滤、处理并且传送给远程位置。通过这种方式，耦合至自供电分析物传感器的传感器电子组件不需要单独电源(例如，电池)来给传感器电子组件供电，用于处理与所监控的分析物水平相关的信号，包括储存已生成和处理的信号。
在一些实施方式中，远程装置(例如，显示装置)被配置成生成磁场，在定位成与传感器电子组件极为贴近时，该磁场锁定在所述传感器电子组件中的开关，以驱动储存在传感器电子组件电容器器件内的电荷(由自供电传感器生成)，以连接传感器电子组件的剩余部分，仅仅通过储存在由自供电传感器生成的电容内的电荷有效地给传感器电子组件供电。
在进一步实施方式中，在密封的外壳内提供自供电传感器和传感器电子组件，其不包括易受传感器的杀菌过程的影响的电子元件，否则会退化或者损坏这种电子元件。通过这种方式，在某些实施方式中，提供包括传感器电子组件和分析物传感器的单个封闭的外壳，可以使用单独杀菌技术共同杀菌，而不损坏或退化体上传感器装置的元件。
在某些实施方式中，一种监控分析物水平的方法包括：经皮定位(transcutaneously:经过皮肤定位)与在皮肤表面之下的间质流体流体接触的分析物传感器；在传感器电子组件中的电容器器件内累积电荷预定的时间段，所述电容器器件与所述分析物传感器信号通信并且从所述分析物传感器中接收信号；检测磁场超过阈值水平；在所检测的磁场超过所述阈值水平时，锁定在所述传感器电子组件中提供的开关，以将在传感器电子组件中的电容器器件耦合至传感器信号处理元件；并且将所述电容器器件连接至所述传感器信号处理元件，以通过在所述电容器器件中累积的电荷给所述传感器信号处理元件提供功率。
在某些实施方式中，一种用于监控分析物水平的装置包括：用于经皮定位的分析物传感器，其与间质流体流体接触；传感器电子组件，包括：传感器信号处理元件；电容器器件，其可操作地耦合至所述分析物传感器，以累积电荷预定的时间段；以及开关，其被配置成在检测到磁场超过阈值水平时锁定，以耦合所述电容器器件和传感器信号处理元件，其中，在锁定所述开关时，所述电容器器件被配置成通过在所述电容器器件中累积的电荷给所述传感器信号处理元件提供电力。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本公开的实施方式的用于实时分析物(例如，葡萄糖)测量、数据采集和/或处理的分析物监控系统；
图2是根据本公开的实施方式的包括自供电分析物传感器和RFID数据通信模块的分析物监控系统的方框图；
图3示出了根据本公开的实施方式的在图2示出的分析物监控系统的缓冲电路；
图4示出了根据本公开的实施方式的在图2示出的分析物监控系统的RFID电路；
图5示出了根据本公开的实施方式的在单个电路内包含图4的RFID功能的专用集成电路(ASIC)；
图6示出了根据本公开的某些实施方式的用于在自供电传感器与在图5示出的ASIC之间接口的传感器接口电阻器电容器(RC)网络，其中该ASIC包含缓冲电路和RFID电路(在图2-4示出的)的功能；
图7是根据本公开的实施方式的比较通过使中介电阻器与精密电压计直接接触所测量的第一校准测试以及通过外部电源给RFID和缓冲电路远程供电所获得的第二校准测试的结果的示图；
图8示出了根据本公开的某些实施方式的包括上面结合图2-5描述的自供电传感器、缓冲电路和RFID电路以及天线的密封的防水的体上传感器电子组件外壳；
图9示出了根据本公开的某些实施方式的包括上面结合图2-5描述的自供电传感器、缓冲电路和RFID电路以及天线并且进一步包括耦合至体上传感器电子组件外壳的数据通信元件的密封的防水体上传感器电子组件外壳；
图10示出了根据本公开的实施方式的包括自供电分析物传感器、体上传感器电子组件以及读卡器装置的分析物监控系统；
图11示出了根据本公开的实施方式的图10的传感器电子组件和自供电分析物传感器的实施方式；
图12示出了根据本公开的实施方式的完全可植入的自供电传感器和传感器电子组件；
图13是示出根据本公开的实施方式的监控用户的分析物的水平的方法的流程图；以及
图14是示出根据本公开的实施方式的监控用户的分析物的水平的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在详细描述本公开之前，要理解的是，本公开不限于所描述的特定实施方式，当然，同样可能改变。还要理解的是，由于本公开的范围仅仅受到所附权利要求的限制，所以在本文中使用的术语仅仅用于描述特定实施方式的目的，并非旨在具有限制性。
在提供一系列值的情况下，要理解的是，在该范围的上限与下限之间的每个中介值(到下限的第十个单位，除非文中另有明确规定)以及在该规定的范围内的任何其他规定的或中介值包含在本公开内。这些更小范围的上限和下限可以单独包含在更小范围内，同样包含在本公开内，经受在规定的范围内的任何特别排除的限制。在规定的范围包括一个或这两个限制时，还在本公开中包括排除任一个或者这两个包含的限制的范围。
除非另有规定，在本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与在本公开所属的领域中的技术人员通常理解的意义相同的意义。虽然与在本文中描述的方法和材料相似或等同的任何方法和材料还可以用于本公开的实践或测试，但现在描述优选的方法和材料。在本文中提及的所有出版物通过引证结合于此，以公开和描述结合其引用出版的方法和/或材料。
必须注意的是，如在本文中以及在所附权利要求中所使用的，单数形式“一”、以及“该”包括复数个指称对象，除非文中另有明确规定。
本文中讨论的出版物被提供，仅仅是因为其公开在本申请的申请日之前。在本文中的任何内容都不被解释为承认本公开由于这种出版物的先前公开而无权早于这种出版物。进一步，所提供的出版物的日期可能与需要单独确认的实际公开日期不同。
在阅读本公开时，对本领域技术人员显而易见，在本文中描述和示出的每个单独实施方式具有离散元件和特征，在不背离本公开的范围或精神的情况下，这些离散元件和特征可以容易与任何其他几个实施方式的特征分离或组合。
在本文示出的示图未必按照比例绘制，为了清晰起见，放大一些元件和特征。
图1示出了根据本公开的实施方式的示例性基于体内的分析物监控系统100。如图所示，在某些实施方式中，分析物监控系统100包括体上电子设备110，其电气耦合至体内分析物传感器101(在图1中示出其近端部分)并且连接至粘合层140，用于在用户身体上的皮肤表面上连接。体上电子设备110包括体上外壳119，其限定内部间隔。在图1还示出了插入装置150，在操作时，该插入装置通过皮肤表面并且与ISF流体接触地经皮定位一部分分析物传感器101，并且在皮肤表面上定位体上电子设备110和粘合层140。在某些实施方式中，体上电子设备110、分析物传感器101以及粘合层140在使用之前密封在插入装置150的外壳内，并且在某些实施方式中，粘合层140还密封在外壳内或者本身提供插入装置150的终端密封。描述了与可供在本文中的实施方式使用的装置、系统以及方法，例如，在美国专利申请No.12/807,278中，该申请作为美国专利申请公开号2011/0213225公布，该申请的公开内容为各种目的通过引证结合于此。
返回参考图1，分析物监控系统100包括：显示装置120，其包括显示器122，用于给用户输出信息；输入元件121，例如，按钮、致动器、触敏开关、电容开关、压敏开关、调节旋钮(jog wheel)等，用于给显示装置120输入数据或命令或者控制显示装置120的操作。要注意的是，一些实施方式可以包括无显示装置或者没有任何用户接口元件的装置。这些装置可以功能化，以作为数据记录器储存数据，和/或提供导管，以将数据从体上电子设备和/或无显示装置中传输给另一个装置和/或位置。在本文中描述实施方式，作为显示装置，用于示例性目的，这些目的决不旨在限制本公开的实施方式。显然，还可以在某些实施方式中使用无显示装置。
在某些实施方式中，体上电子设备110可以被配置成在监控时间段内在存储器内储存从分析物传感器101中接收的一些或所有提及的分析物相关数据，并且将其保持在存储器内，直到使用期结束。在这种实施方式中，在监控时间段结束时，例如，在通过从在监控时间段内定位的皮肤表面拆卸体上电子设备110，来从用户去除分析物传感器101之后，从体上电子设备110中检索已储存的数据。在这种数据记录配置中，实时监控的分析物水平在监控期间不传送给显示装置120或者从体上电子设备110传输，而是在监控时间段之后，从体上电子设备110中检索。
在某些实施方式中，显示装置120的输入元件121可以包括麦克风，并且显示装置120可以包括软件，其被配置成分析从麦克风接收的分析物音频输入，使得显示装置120的功能和操作可以由语音命令控制。在某些实施方式中，显示装置120的输出元件包括扬声器，用于输出作为听觉信号的信息。用于生成、处理以及储存语音驱动信号的相似语音响应元件(例如，扬声器、麦克风以及软件程序)可以提供给体上电子设备110。
在某些实施方式中，显示器122和输入元件121可以整合成单个元件，例如，显示器，其能够在显示器(例如，触摸屏用户接口)上检测物理接触触摸的存在和位置。在这种实施方式中，通过使用一组预编程的运动命令，包括但不限于单击或双击显示器、在显示器上拖动手指或仪器、朝着彼此移动多个手指或仪器、远离彼此移动多个手指或仪器等，用户可以控制显示装置120的操作。在某些实施方式中，显示器包括具有像素的区域的触摸屏，具有用作LCD元件和触摸传感器的单或双功能电容元件。
例如，显示装置120还包括数据通信端口123，用于与外部装置(例如，远程终端(个人电脑)170)有线数据通信。数据通信端口123的示例实施方式包括USB端口、迷你型USB端口、RS-232端口、以太网端口、火线端口或者其他相似的数据通信端口，其被配置成连接至兼容的数据电缆。显示装置120还可以包括集成体内葡萄糖仪，包括体内测试条端口124，以接收体内葡萄糖测试条，用于执行体内葡萄糖测量。
依然参考图1，在某些实施方式中，显示器122被配置成显示各种信息，可以在显示器122上在相同或不同的时间显示一些或所有信息。在某些实施方式中，显示的信息是用户可选择的，使得用户可以定制在规定的显示屏上示出的信息。显示器122可以包括但不限于：例如，图形显示器138，用于在监控的时间段内提供葡萄糖值的图形输出(这可以示出重要的标记，例如，膳食、锻炼、睡眠、心率、血压等)；例如，数字显示器132，提供监控的葡萄糖值(响应于信息的请求所获取的或接收的)；以及趋势或指向箭头显示器131，其表示分析物变化率和/或分析物变化率的速率，例如，通过在显示器122上移动位置。
如在图1进一步所示，显示器122还可以包括：日期显示器135，例如，为用户提供日期信息；时刻信息显示器139，为用户提供时刻信息；电池电量指示符显示器133，其图形显示该显示装置120的电池(可充电或一次性)的情况；传感器校准状态图标显示器134，例如，用于需要定期、日常或者预定数量的用户校准事件的监控系统内，通知用户需要分析物传感器校准；音频/振动设置图标显示器136，用于显示音频/振动输出的状态或警报状态；以及无线连接状态图标显示器137，其提供与其他装置(例如，体上电子设备、数据处理模块160和/或远程终端170)的无线通信连接的指示。如图1另外所示，显示器122可以进一步包括模拟的触摸屏按钮125、126，用于访问菜单，改变显示图像输出配置，或者用于控制显示装置120的操作。
返回参考图1，在某些实施方式中，显示装置120的显示器122可以另外或者代替视觉显示器被配置成输出警报通知，例如，警报和/或警告通知、葡萄糖值等，所述警报通知可以是听觉的、触觉的或其任何组合。一方面，显示装置120可以包括其他输出元件，例如，扬声器、振动输出元件等，用于除了提供在显示器122上提供的视觉输出指示以外，还给用户提供听觉和/或振动输出指示。可以在例如美国专利申请No.12/871,901、美国临时申请nos.61/238,672、61/247,541、61/297,625中可以找出进一步细节和其他显示实施方式，这些申请中的每个的公开内容为各种目的通过引证结合于此。
在皮肤表面上定位体上电子设备110并且在体内定位分析物传感器101，以与ISF(或其他合适的体液)建立流体接触之后，在某些实施方式中，体上电子设备110被配置成在体上电子设备110从显示装置120中接收命令或请求信号时，无线传送分析物相关数据(例如，对应于监控的分析物水平和/或监控的温度数据和/或储存的历史分析物相关数据)。在某些实施方式中，在显示装置120在从体上电子设备110中广播的数据的通信范围内时，体上电子设备110可以被配置成至少定期广播与显示装置120所接收的监控的分析物水平相关联的实时数据，即，不需要显示装置的命令或请求来发送信息。
例如，显示装置120可以被配置成将一个或多个命令传输给体上电子设备110，以开始数据传输，并且作为回应，体上电子设备110可以被配置成将在监控时间段内收集的已储存的分析物相关的数据无线传输给显示装置120。显示装置120可以反过来连接至远程终端170，例如，个人电脑，并且用作数据导管，用于将已储存的分析物水平信息从体上电子设备110中传输给远程终端170。在某些实施方式中，从体上电子设备110中接收的数据可以储存(永久或暂时)在显示装置120的一个或多个存储器内。在某些实施方式中，显示装置120被配置成数据导管，用于将从体上电子设备110中接收的数据传递给连接至显示装置120的远程终端170。
依然参考图1，在分析物监控系统100中还示出了数据处理模块160和远程终端170。远程终端170可以包括个人电脑、服务器终端、膝上型电脑或者其他合适的数据处理装置，包括软件，用于数据管理和分析并且与在分析物监控系统100中的元件通信。例如，远程终端170可以连接至局域网(LAN)、广域网(WAN)或者其他数据网络，用于在远程终端170与显示装置120和/或数据处理模块160之间单向或双向数据通信。
在某些实施方式中，远程终端170可以包括位于医生办公室或医院的一个或多个计算机终端。例如，远程终端170可以位于除了显示装置120的位置以外的位置。远程终端170和显示装置120可以位于不同的房间或者不同的建筑物内。远程终端170和显示装置120可以相距至少大约1英里远，例如，至少大约10英里远，例如，至少大约100英里远。例如，远程终端170可以与显示装置120位于相同的城市，远程终端170可以与显示装置120位于不同的城市，远程终端170可以与显示装置120位于相同的州，远程终端170可以与显示装置120位于不同的州，远程终端170可以与显示装置120位于相同的国家，或者例如，远程终端170可以与显示装置120位于不同的国家。
在某些实施方式中，可以在分析物监控系统100中提供单独可选的数据通信/处理装置，例如，数据处理模块160。数据处理模块160可以包括元件，用于使用一个或多个无线通信协议通信，例如但不限于红外线(IR)协议、蓝牙
协议、
协议以及802.11无线LAN协议。在美国专利公开号2006/0193375中，可以找出通信协议的额外描述，包括基于
协议和/或
协议的通信协议，为各种目的通过引证结合于此。数据处理模块160可以进一步包括通信端口、驱动器或连接器，用于与显示装置120、体上电子设备110或远程终端170中的一个或多个(包括例如但不限于USB连接器和/或USB端口、以太网连接器和/或端口、火线连接器和/或端口、或RS-232端口和/或连接器)，建立有线通信。
在某些实施方式中，数据处理模块160被编程为以预定的时间间隔(例如，每分钟一次、每5分钟一次等)将轮询或查询信号传输给体上电子设备110，并且作为回应，从体上电子设备110中接收监控的分析物水平信息。数据处理模块160在其存储器内储存所接收的分析物水平信息，和/或将所接收的信息中继或转发给另一个装置，例如，显示装置120。更具体而言，在某些实施方式中，数据处理模块160可以被配置成数据中继装置，用于将所接收的分析物水平数据从体上电子设备110重新传输或者传递给显示装置120和/或远程终端(例如，通过数据网络，例如，蜂窝或WiFi数据网络)。
在某些实施方式中，体上电子设备110和数据处理模块160可以位于用户的皮肤表面上，在彼此的预定距离内(例如，大约1-12英寸、或者大约1-10英寸、或者大约1-7英寸、或者大约1-5英寸)，使得在体上电子设备110和数据处理模块160之间保持定期通信。可替换地，数据处理模块160可以戴在用户的皮带或衣服物品上，使得在体上电子设备110和数据处理模块160之间保持用于通信的期望距离，用于数据通信。在进一步方面，数据处理模块160的外壳可以被配置成与体上电子设备110耦合或接合，使得这两个装置组合或者整合成单个组件并且位于皮肤表面上。在进一步实施方式中，数据处理模块160与体上电子设备110可拆卸地接合或连接，提供额外模块性，使得可以可选地根据需要去除或重新连接数据处理模块160。
再次参考图1，在某些实施方式中，数据处理模块160被编程为以预定的时间间隔(例如，每分钟一次、或每5分钟一次、或每30分钟一次、或者任何其他合适的或期望的可编程时间间隔)将命令或信号传输给体上电子设备110，以从体上电子设备110中请求分析物相关的数据。在数据处理模块160接收所请求的分析物相关的数据时，储存所接收的数据。通过这种方式，分析物监控系统100可以被配置成以编程的或可编程的时间间隔接收连续监控的分析物相关的信息，储存和/或向用户显示该信息。在数据处理模块160内储存的数据可以随后提供或传输给显示装置120、远程终端170等，用于后续数据分析，例如，识别在监控的时间段内的血糖水平偏移的周期的频率或者在监控的时间段内的警报事件发生的频率，例如，用于改进治疗相关的决定。使用该信息，医生、保健提供者或用户可以调整或者推荐修改饮食、日常习惯以及日常生活，例如，锻炼等。
在另一个实施方式中，数据处理模块160向体上电子设备110传输命令或信号，以响应于在数据处理模块160上提供的开关的用户激活(activation)或者从显示装置120中接收的用户开始命令，接收分析物相关数据。在进一步实施方式中，数据处理模块160被配置成响应于仅仅在预定的时间间隔经过之后接收用户开始命令，给体上电子设备110传输命令或信号。例如，在某些实施方式中，如果用户在编程的时间段(例如，在最后通信后的大约5个小时(或者在最后通信后的大约10个小时、或者在最后通信后的大约24个小时))内不开始通信，则数据处理模块160可以被编程为向体上电子设备110自动传输请求命令或信号。可替换地，数据处理模块160可以被编程为激活警报，以通知用户自从数据处理模块160与体上电子设备110之间的最后通信之后经过了预定的时间段。通过这种方式，用户或保健提供者可以将数据处理模块160编程或配置成给分析物监控方案提供某种符合性，使得用户保持或执行分析物水平的频率确定。
在某些实施方式中，在检测编程或可编程的警报条件(例如，在预定的可接受范围之外的由分析物传感器101监控的已检测的葡萄糖水平表示需要注意或者介入治疗或分析的生理条件)(例如，即将发生的高血糖条件或者即将发生的低葡萄糖条件)时，一个或多个输出指示可以由体上电子设备110的控制逻辑或处理器生成并且在体上电子设备110的用户接口上输出给用户，使得可以及时采取纠正措施。此外或者可替换地，如果显示装置120在通信范围内，则输出指示或警报数据可以传送给显示装置120，在检测警报数据接收时，该显示装置的处理器控制显示器122输出一个或多个通知。
在某些实施方式中，体上电子设备110的控制逻辑或微处理器包括软件程序，用于基于从分析物传感器101中获得的信息，确定未来或预期的分析物水平，例如，当前分析物水平、分析物水平的变化率、分析物水平变化的加速、和/或分析物趋势信息，该信息是基于在监控的时间段内提供分析物水平随着时间波动的历史趋势或方向的储存的监控分析物数据所确定的。预测性警报参数可以在显示装置120和/或体上电子设备110内编程或者可编程，并且在预期用户的分析物水平到达未来水平之前输出给用户。这给用户提供及时采取纠正措施的机会。
诸如提供分析物趋势信息的监控的分析物水平在监控的时间段内随着时间的变化或波动等信息例如可以由显示装置120、数据处理模块160和/或远程装置170、和/或体上电子设备110的一个或多个控制逻辑或微处理器确定。这种信息可以显示为例如图形(例如，线形图)，用于向用户指示分析物监控系统100所测量和预测的当前的和/或历史的和/或预测的未来分析物水平。这种信息还可以显示为指向箭头(例如，参考趋势或指向箭头显示器131)或其他图标，例如，相对于表示分析物水平增大还是减小的参考点的在屏幕上的位置以及分析物水平增大或减小的加速或减速。用户可以使用该信息来确定任何需要的纠正措施，以确保分析物水平依然在可接受和/或临床安全的范围内。其他视觉指示符(包括颜色、闪光、褪色等)以及听觉指示符(包括听觉输出的音高、音量或音调的变化)和/或震动或其他触觉指示符也可以包含在趋势数据的显示内，作为通知用户监控的分析物水平的当前水平和/或方向和/或变化率的方式。例如，基于确定的葡萄糖变化率、编程的临床明显的葡萄糖阈值水平(例如，高血糖和/或低血糖水平)以及由体内分析物传感器获得的当前分析物水平，系统100可以包括储存在计算机可读介质上的算法，以确定到达临床明显的水平所花费的时间，并且在到达临床明显的水平之前(例如，在预期临床明显的水平之前30分钟、和/或20分钟、和/或10分钟、和/或5分钟、和/或3分钟、和/或1分钟等)输出通知，并且输出强度等的增大。
再次参考图1，在某些实施方式中，用于由数据处理模块160执行的软件算法可以储存在外部存储器装置内，例如，SD卡、小型SD卡、紧凑式闪存卡、XD卡、记忆棒卡、记忆棒双卡、或USB记忆棒/装置，包括储存在这种装置内的可执行程序，用于在连接至体上电子设备110、远程装置170或显示装置120中相应的一个或多个时执行。在进一步方面，可以将用于由数据处理模块160执行的软件算法提供给通信装置，例如，移动电话，包括例如WiFi或互联网功能的智能电话或个人数字助理(PDA)，作为可下载的应用程序，以由下载通信装置执行。
智能电话的示例包括具有数据网络连接功能的基于
AndroidTM、操作系统、WebOSTM、
操作系统或操作系统的移动电话，用于通过互联网连接和/或局域网(LAN)进行数据通信。如上所述，PDA包括例如便携式电子装置，包括一个或多个微处理器和与用户接口(例如，显示/输出单元和/或输入单元)的数据通信能力，并且被配置成例如执行数据处理、通过互联网的数据上传/下载等。在这种实施方式中，在远程终端170与装置之间建立通信时，远程终端170可以被配置成将可执行的应用软件提供给一个或多个上述通信装置。
在进一步实施方式中，可以空中下载(OTA)提供可执行的软件应用，作为OTA下载，使得不需要与远程终端170有线连接。例如，可执行的应用可以被自动下载，作为到通信装置的软件下载，并且根据通信装置的配置，自动安装在该装置上，以供使用，或者基于在通信装置上的用户确认或确定，执行应用程序的安装。软件的OTA下载和安装可以包括作为数据处理模块160和/或显示装置120的现有功能或特征的更新或升级的软件应用程序和/或程序。
返回参考图1的远程终端170，在某些实施方式中，在远程终端170与显示装置120和/或数据处理模块160之间建立通信时，远程终端170可以给显示装置120和/或体上电子设备110和/或数据处理模块160提供新软件和/或软件更新，例如，软件补丁或修复、固件更新或软件驱动器升级等。例如，体上电子设备110的软件更新、可执行的编程变化或者修改可以由显示装置120或数据处理模块160中的一个或多个从远程终端170中接收，随后，提供给体上电子设备110，以更新其软件或可编程功能。例如，在某些实施方式中，在体上电子设备110中接收和安装的软件可以包括软件缺陷修复、修改预先停止的软件参数(修改分析物相关的数据储存时间间隔、重置或调整时基或体上电子设备110的信息、修改已传输的数据类型、数据传输序列、或数据储存时间段等)。
在美国专利申请No.12/807,278中，可以找出分析物监控系统的进一步实施方式、细节以及配置，该申请作为美国专利申请公开号2011/0213225公布，该申请的公开内容为各种目的通过引证结合于此。
图2是根据本公开的一个实施方式的包括自供电分析物传感器和RFID数据通信模块的分析物监控系统的方框图。如图2所示，在某些实施方式中，分析物监控系统200包括自供电传感器210，其可操作地耦合至进一步被提供为与RFID电路230信号通信的缓冲电路220。在某些实施方式中，自供电传感器210、缓冲电路220以及RFID电路230可以设置在单个体上传感器电子组件外壳内，同时一部分自供电传感器210位于用户的皮肤表面之下并且与间质流体流体接触。在某些实施方式中，单个体上传感器电子组件外壳是防水外壳。返回参考图2，还示出了外部电源和读卡器装置(“读卡器”)240，在某些实施方式中，读卡器装置包括RFID读卡器，该RFID读卡器能够辐射RF场，并且在接近RFID装置时，使用RF场接收来自RFID装置的数据通信。
在某些实施方式中，自供电传感器210至少包括工作电极和反电极，并且由于在工作电极与反电极之间的氧化反应而生成电力。在作为US2010/0213057公布的美国专利申请no.12/393,921、作为US 2011/0257495公布的美国专利申请no.13/087,190、以及作为US2012-0157801公布的美国专利申请No.13/299,119中，可以找出关于自供电传感器210的结构、操作以及配置的额外细节，每个申请的公开内容为各种目的通过引证结合于此。
例如，在某些实施方式中，自供电传感器210生成大约10nA到大约100nA的平均电流，具有大约100mV到大约300mV的平均电压，产生大约1nW到30nW的平均功率输出。要理解的是，在本文中描述的电流、电压以及功率范围具有代表性，并且本公开不限于在本文中提及的范围。在某些实施方式中，用于测量分析物水平的电极对可能期望低电流。在这种实施方式中，第二工作电极和反电极对可以包含在自供电传感器210内并且被配置成用于电力生成的更高电流输出。
参考图2，在某些实施方式中，自供电传感器210连续操作，无需使用外部电源，以生成电流信号，这些电流信号与在自供电传感器210放置成与其接触的体液内的分析物浓度成比例。在某些实施方式中，RFID电路230和缓冲电路220保持静止或处于非活动或非操作状态中，而自供电传感器210生成电流信号。在某些实施方式中，在读卡器240定位成极为贴近体上传感器电子组件的RFID电路230，使得RFID电路230在从读卡器240中辐射的RF场内时，RFID电路被配置成通过缓冲电路220查询自供电传感器210，以接收已测的传感器电流信号，并且将已测的传感器电流信号(通过缓冲电路220从自供电传感器210中接收的)发送给或者返回读卡器240。如下面进一步所描述的并且还如图6所示，在某些实施方式中，自供电传感器210连接至R/C(电阻器/电容器)负载，为自供电传感器210提供返回电流路径。在生成的电流流过R/C负载时所生成的R/C负载之上的已测电压提供传递给RFID电路230(通过缓冲电路220)的一个或多个信号。在某些实施方式中，由RFID电路230响应于读卡器240的查询所传送的信号包括对应于为数据传输数字化的监控的分析物水平的由自供电传感器生成的模拟信号、已测的温度数据以及校准代码信息。
图3示出了根据本公开的实施方式的在图2示出的分析物监控系统200的缓冲电路220。如图所示，在图3示出的缓冲电路220是用于隔离自供电传感器210(图2)和RFID电路230(图2)的仪表操作放大器(OPA)。输入缓冲器可以包括具有高阻抗的一个或多个操作放大器，用于隔离自供电传感器210的信号和RFID电路230，并且保持自供电传感器210所生成的监控的分析物水平读数的精确度。在某些实施方式中，缓冲电路220接近单一增益放大器，并且将模拟电压信号传递给RFID电路230。
图4示出了根据本公开的实施方式的在图2示出的分析物监控系统的RFID电路230。参考图4，在某些实施方式中，RFID电路230包括天线和RFID芯片。RFID电路230还包括用于提高缓冲电路220和RFID芯片的模拟前端电路的偏置电位的电压基准以及精密稳压器。在操作时，在读卡器240定位成极为贴近RFID电路230时，从读卡器240中辐射的RF场提供操作缓冲电路220和RFID电路230所需要的功率。进一步，通过重置数字电路并且设置RFID电路230的存储器和寄存器的数字位，从读卡器240中接收的信号初始化RFID电路230。将RFID查询命令发送给RFID电路230，并且作为回应，RFID电路230将与监控的分析物水平相关联的数字化信号传输给读卡器240。
图5示出了在单个ASIC配置500内包含在图4示出的RFID电路的功能以及在图3示出的缓冲电路220的功能的专用集成电路(ASIC)。在某些实施方式中，ASIC 500包括ISO15693RFID前端电路、磁场节能电路、DC功率管理(稳压器)、传感器数字控制、模数和数模转换器以及模拟前端电路。ISO 15693RFID前端电路提供对读卡器240的无线访问，以从ASIC500包中获取数字化数据。在读卡器240接近时，磁场节能电路将从读卡器240中接收的磁场能量转换成DC功率，以将功率供应给ASIC500。DC功率管理电路利用在磁场节能电路上生成的DC电力，来为ASIC500提供稳定的并且过滤的DC电力。传感器数字控制电路初始化并且编程ASIC 500，再次控制模数处理和模拟前端，并且将数字化数据提供给RFID前端电路。模数转换器(ADC)将模拟信号转换成对应的数字信号，用于RFID前端反向散射调制，并且数模转换器(DAC)用于补偿因模拟前端偏移电压所产生的误差。模拟前端电路放大从自供电传感器210中接收的模拟信号，用于ADC转换。
图6示出了根据本公开的某些实施方式的用于在自供电传感器210与在图5示出的ASIC之间接口的传感器接口电阻器电容器(RC)网络，其中该ASIC包含缓冲电路和RFID电路(在图2-4示出的)的功能。具体而言，在某些实施方式中，在图5的ASIC 500与自供电传感器210之间提供具有两个电阻臂部600的电阻桥接电路。电阻桥接电路为ASIC 500的两个输入提供偏压，并且允许保持甚至具有低电流水平的分析物测量信号的精确度。在ASIC输入端D_in1、D_in2上的电压是与从自供电传感器210中接收的传感器电流成比例的在电阻R上的传感器电压。提供给ASIC500的两个输入臂部的偏置电压为给定的电阻保持恒定的差分电压。R/C传感器负载与自供电传感器210并联连接并且在桥接电路与ASIC 500的一个输入端之间串联连接。R/C负载上的电压变化应用于在ASIC 500的两个输入端之间的差分电压，并且对应于ASIC 500所接收的传感器测量信号。电阻电桥进一步提供补偿电压，以在偏置电流通过ASIC 500的输入端流出或流入时，取消任何泄漏电流效果。
图7是比较通过使中介电阻器与精密电压计直接接触所测量的第一校准测试以及通过外部电源给RFID和缓冲电路远程供电所获得的第二校准测试的结果的示图。参考图7，测试包括具有葡萄糖氧化物阳极和碳阴极的自供电传感器以及中介5MΩ电阻。自供电传感器浸入缓冲溶液内并且增加葡萄糖用量。(1)为直接接触的中介电阻器，并且(2)通过为RFID和缓冲电路远程供电，重复该测试。通过使用RFID通信对直接接触通信，测试自供电传感器和对应的电路配置，以确定信号损失的精确度和电位。测试配置具有与其连接的外部电源，以测试所述测试配置的校准。
图8示出了根据本公开的某些实施方式的包括上面结合图2-5描述的自供电传感器、缓冲电路和RFID电路以及天线的密封的防水体上传感器电子组件外壳800。参考图8，一部分自供电传感器从密封的体上传感器电子组件外壳中延伸，并且在定位传感器电子组件外壳时，从外壳延伸的传感器部分定位在皮肤表面之下并且与间质流体接触。通过这种方式，在某些实施方式中，由于外壳不包括容易受到这种杀菌影响的存储器装置，所以可以使用伽玛射线或电子束辐射，将包括传感器电子组件(例如，缓冲电路和RFID电路)的密封的传感器电子组件外壳杀菌。
图9示出了在本公开的某些实施方式中的包括上面结合图2-5描述的自供电传感器、缓冲电路和RFID电路以及天线并且进一步包括耦合至体上传感器电子组件外壳的数据通信装置910的密封的防水体上传感器电子组件外壳900。参考图9，密封的体上传感器电子组件外壳可以与可以在密封的传感器电子组件外壳上可逆地咬合的数据通信装置耦合，或者可替换地，与机械特征(例如，凹槽、闩、锁定臂等)可拆卸地连接。
在某些实施方式中，数据通信装置包括RFID电源和读卡器装置，并且可替换地，还包括RF数据通信模块。在某些实施方式中，RFID电源和读卡器装置可被编程或者可编程以查询传感器电子组件，以通过预定的或编程的或可编程的时间间隔，检索对应于监控的分析物水平的传感器信号，在接收时，还可以将所接收的传感器信号重新传输或传送给远程位置，例如，使用在数据通信装置内的RF数据通信模块。在某些实施方式中，可以基于储存的分析物水平测量，确定警报和投影的测量值。在某些实施方式中，数据通信装置可以单独并且远程供电，用于延长寿命。
通过上面描述的方式，自供电传感器被配置成通过缓冲电路和RFID电路操作，在从读卡器装置(其提供RF场)中接收查询信号时，缓冲电路和RFID电路过渡到活动操作模式，以从自供电传感器中检索传感器信号并且将与对应于所检索的传感器信号的监控的分析物水平相关的数据提供给读卡器装置。进一步，在本公开的某些实施方式中，在满足或者超过IPX-7水平的单个防水外壳内提供自供电传感器和电子设备组件，可以使用单独的杀菌技术给该外壳杀菌，而不对组件造成潜在损害，这是因为该组件不包括容易受到合适的伽玛射线或电子束杀菌的影响的存储器装置。
图10示出了根据本公开的实施方式的包括自供电分析物传感器、体上传感器电子组件以及读卡器装置的分析物监控系统。参考图10，传感器电子组件110包括电容1021和电阻1022，其中，由分析物传感器生成的电压1012穿过电阻1022，以给储存在自供电分析物传感器101所生成的电流信号中产生的电荷的电容1021充电。电容1021的尺寸适合于储存充分的电荷，以在足以测量和储存分析物传感器所监控的分析物值的时间段内给传感器电子组件110供电，而不使用任何外部电源，例如，电池。在某些实施方式中，传感器电子组件110包括开关1023。在启动时，开关1023将功率回路从通过自供电分析物传感器101给电容1021充电切换或锁定为电路回路，据此，电容1021放电，以流过功率管理模块1025，在某些实施方式中，该模块包括倍压器，用于将电容1021的电压增大成足够高的电压，用于操作传感器电子组件110，以读取和储存已测量的分析物值。例如，在某些实施方式中，为了操作传感器电子组件110，大约500mV用作传感器的最小充电输入电压，并且500mV在功率管理模块1025中翻倍，以使传感器电子组件电路通电。
用于测量、处理以及储存对应于监控的分析物水平的信号的传感器电子组件110包括功率管理模块1025、传感器输入缓冲器1026、控制电路1027、模数(A/D)转换器1028、存储器1029以及数据输出模块1030。在某些实施方式中，功率管理模块1025被配置成在给传感器电子组件110的整个传感器电路供电之前，增加、调节并且检测在电容1021内储存或累积的电荷。传感器输入缓冲器1026包括高阻抗的仪表操作放大器以及电阻桥接网络，该缓冲器用作在分析物传感器101与A/D转换器1028之间的缓冲器。电阻电桥为仪表操作放大器的输入提供参考电压(Vcc/2)。电阻电桥的一个臂部通过传感器负载R/C电路连接至仪表操作放大器的输入。
由于对应于分析物水平的测量的在分析物传感器上生成的低分析物电流电平，所以使用传感器输入缓冲器1026，以最小化对分析物电流测量的影响。由于仪表操作放大器的输入阻抗非常高，所以在连接传感器时，传感器电流不流入(穿过)仪表操作放大器的输入端中或者从中流出。因此，传感器电流测量不受到连接至传感器的外部电路的影响。
A/D转换器1028通过信号输入缓冲器1026将来自分析物传感器101的模拟分析物电流信号转换成数字值，以储存在存储器1029上。使用数据输出模块1030来将储存在存储器1029上的数据通过直接接触或无线传输给显示装置120或具有兼容的物理和/或无线输入端口的其他电子装置。
控制电路1027控制在各种传感器电子组件110元件之中的信号流，包括传感器输入缓冲器1026、A/D转换器1028、存储器1029以及数据输出模块1030。在某些实施方式中，控制电路1027被配置成初始化数字设置并且开始测量，以控制仪表操作放大器的增益，以给A/D转换器1028提供放大的模拟信号，并且将转换的数字数据储存到存储器1029内并且将数据从存储器1029中上传给显示装置120。
在某些实施方式中，传感器电子组件110将大约100μW用于大约100ms(大约10微焦耳)，以测量和储存分析物测量。在某些实施方式中，分析物传感器101生成大约25nW，这需要大约400s(7分钟)来累积测量和储存分析物测量所需要的10微焦耳。在这种实施方式中，分析物监控系统100可以被配置成至少每7分钟测量和储存分析物测量，而不需要电池或其他外部电源。
依然参考图10，并且如图1所示，分析物监控系统100包括显示装置120。显示装置120可以被配置成将信号传输给传感器电子组件110，以启动开关1023，来开始测量和储存分析物值。在某些实施方式中，显示装置120可以包括磁场发生器1041，并且开关1023可以是磁开关，在启动磁场发生器1041时，磁开关将传感器电子组件110的操作从给电容1021充电切换成测量和储存分析物值。在磁场出现在其旁边之前，开关1023通过R1连接至传感器101，这限制了充电电流。通过这种方式，传感器在大部分时间给电容1021充电。由于传感器可以仅仅生成超低电流，所以需要很长时间来完全给电容1021充电。在某些实施方式中，磁场发生器1041包括导线回路和软铁。通过来自流过导线回路的直流(DC)电流源1043的电流，生成磁场，而软铁增强磁场。
在进一步实施方式中，传感器电子组件110还包括电线回路1024，在检测因开关1023的磁性切换从而流过电线回路1024的电流时，该电线回路1024生成磁脉冲信号。由显示装置120检测磁脉冲信号，以确认开关1023的磁性启动，并且确认在传感器电子组件110处接收到磁场发生器1041信号。在开关1023连接至电线回路1024时，具有磁场形式的初始脉冲信号干扰磁场发生器1041所产生的磁场。磁场将在导电回路电线1024上造成电流变化。传感器上检测器1044将检测电流变化，以确认开关1023的状态变化。
在某些实施方式中，磁脉冲信号由显示装置120的传感器上检测器1044检测。显示装置1042显示用户启动传感器电子组件110的次数以及最后启动时间的日期和时间信息。由于电容1021充电需要一定的时间，所以相互相隔太近的启动将不会提供充足的时间来完全给电容1021充电。在某些实施方式中，微处理器1045被配置成开启DC电流发生器1043，检测传感器上检测器1044状态，监控电池电压，从传感器电子组件110中下载数据，并且操作显示装置1042。显示装置120可以进一步包括显示器1042、微处理器1045数据输入模块1046以及电池1047。
图11示出了图10的传感器电子组件110和自供电分析物传感器101的实施方式。参考图11，自供电分析物传感器101和传感器电子组件110整合成单个装置，其中，传感器电子组件110包括：电线回路1024、磁开关1023、电容1021、电阻1022、物理数据输出1030和包括功率管理模块1025的电子设备1020、传感器输入缓冲器1026、控制电路1027、A/D转换器1028以及存储器1029。在其他实施方式中，在通过皮肤表面经皮插入之前、之时以及之后，分析物传感器101与传感器电子组件110分开并且与传感器电子组件110物理和/或电气耦合。
在其他实施方式中，传感器电子组件110元件位于两个或多个单独装置上。例如，在某些实施方式中，第一装置可以包括与传感器电子组件110元件整合的分析物传感器101，其中，传感器电子组件110包括：电线回路1024、开关1023、电容1021、电阻1022以及物理数据输出1030，而被配置成物理耦合至第一装置的第二装置包括：包含功率管理模块1025的电子设备1020、传感器输入缓冲器1026、控制电路1027、A/D转换器1028以及存储器1029。第二装置可以包括物理数据输入，该输入与物理数据输出1030在物理上耦合，以促进在第一与第二装置之间传输数据和信号。进一步，第二装置可以进一步包括输出、物理接触或无线通信，例如，射频(RF)，其与显示装置120通信。
图12示出了根据本公开的实施方式的完全可植入的自供电传感器和传感器电子组件。在某些实施方式中，自供电传感器1210和包括缓冲电路1220、RFID电路1230以及天线1240的传感器电子组件位于密封的外壳1200内，并且被配置成在皮肤表面1290之下完全可植入。如上面详细所述，自供电传感器1210和传感器电子组件被配置成通过读卡器1250所提供的磁场在外部供电。通过这种方式，在某些实施方式中，自供电传感器1210和传感器电子组件被配置成用于在用户的皮肤表面1290之下长期植入。在某些实施方式中，可植入的自供电传感器1210从读卡器1250中接收RF信号1270请求，并且传输返回RF信号1280，用于在读卡器天线1260上接收。返回RF信号1280包括自供电传感器1210所测量的传感器数据。在某些实施方式中，传感器电子组件可以是在密封的外壳1200内的单个ASIC。
图13是示出在本公开的某些实施方式中的分析物监控的流程图。参考图13，在经皮定位自供电分析物传感器(1310)之后，在自供电分析物传感器的工作电极与反电极之间的氧化反应生成电流信号，然后，传感器电子组件使用所述电流信号来给电容充电，用于给传感器电子组件供电(1320)。返回参考图13，传感器电子组件定期接收信号，以测量当前分析物水平(1330)。在某些实施方式中，以定期的间隔自动生成信号，并且在其他实施方式中，基于显示装置的命令，生成信号。在接收信号时，启动在传感器电子组件中的开关，该开关在自供电传感器与电容之间切换电力流，以将电容放电，以给传感器电子组件(1340)供电。在启动传感器电子组件时，表示当前分析物水平的在自供电传感器上测量的电流信号由传感器电子组件检测(1350)。自供电传感器的已测电流信号由传感器电子组件的A/D转换器转换成数字值(1360)。然后，数字值储存在存储器(1370)内，用于稍后检索或者传输给显示装置。
图14是示出在本公开的某些实施方式中的分析物监控的流程图。如图14所示，在经皮定位自供电分析物传感器(1410)之后，在自供电分析物传感器的工作电极与反电极之间的氧化反应生成电流信号。传感器电子组件使用所生成的电流信号来给电容充电，用于储存功率，用于给传感器电子组件供电(1420)。传感器电子组件定期检测对应于测量当前分析物水平的命令的由磁场发生器生成的信号(1430)。在接收磁场生成的信号时，启动在传感器电子组件中的磁开关，该开关在自供电传感器与电容之间切换电力流，以将电容放电，以给传感器电子组件供电(1440)。来自电容的逆流流过电线回路，该电线回路反过来生成磁场信号，该信号表示磁开关的连接的验证。在启动磁开关并且随后启动传感器电子组件时，表示当前分析物水平的在自供电传感器上测量的电流信号由传感器电子组件(1450)检测。自供电传感器的已测电流信号由传感器电子组件的A/D转换器转换成数字值(1460)。然后，数字值储存在存储器(1470)内，用于稍后检索或者传输给显示装置。
通过上述方式，根据本公开的实施方式，仅仅使用由自供电传感器的氧化反应所生成的信号，所生成的信号提供充足的功率，以驱动传感器电子组件处理与所监控的分析物水平相关的信号，包括储存、过滤、处理并且传送给远程位置。通过这种方式，在某些实施方式中，耦合至自供电分析物传感器的传感器电子组件不需要单独电源(例如，电池)来给传感器电子组件供电，用于处理与所监控的分析物水平相关的信号，包括储存已生成和处理的信号。在进一步实施方式中，远程装置(例如，显示装置)被配置成生成磁场，在定位成与传感器电子组件极为贴近时，该磁场锁定在所述传感器电子组件中的开关，以驱动储存在传感器电子组件电容内的电荷(由自供电传感器生成)，以连接传感器电子组件的剩余部分，仅仅通过储存在由自供电传感器生成的电容内的电荷有效地给传感器电子组件供电。
在进一步实施方式中，在密封的外壳内提供包括自供电传感器和传感器电子组件的体上传感器装置，其不包括易受传感器的杀菌过程的影响的电子元件，否则其会退化或者损坏这种电子元件。通过这种方式，在某些实施方式中，提供包括传感器电子组件和分析物传感器的单个封闭的外壳，可以使用单独杀菌技术共同杀菌，而不损坏或退化体上传感器装置的元件。
在某些实施方式中，一种分析物监控装置包括：自供电分析物传感器，其具有与在皮肤表面之下的间质流体流体接触的至少一部分；以及传感器电子组件，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，所述传感器电子组件被配置成接收所述自供电分析物传感器所生成的信号并且传送对应于所述自供电分析物传感器所监控的分析物水平的数据，所述传感器电子组件包括：缓冲电路，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，用于从所述自供电分析物传感器中接收所述已生成的信号；以及射频识别装置(RFID)电路，其可操作地耦合至所述缓冲电路，并且被配置成传送对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，一种分析物监控装置包括：自供电分析物传感器；以及传感器电子组件，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，所述传感器电子组件被配置成接收所述自供电分析物传感器所生成的信号并且传送对应于所述自供电分析物传感器所监控的分析物水平的数据，其中，在由远程电源供电时，所述传感器电子组件从非活动状态过渡到活动状态，并且在从所述远程电源中接收查询信号时，响应于查询信号，将对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据传送给所述远程电源。
在某些实施方式中，在与间质流体流体接触时，所述自供电分析物传感器被配置成连续生成对应于所述监控的分析物水平的信号。
在某些实施方式中，在所述传感器电子组件处于非活动状态中时，所述自供电分析物传感器生成对应于所述监控的分析物水平的信号。
在某些实施方式中，在处于非活动状态中时，所述传感器电子组件不操作。
在某些实施方式中，所述传感器电子组件包括缓冲电路，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，用于从所述自供电分析物传感器中接收生成的信号。
在某些实施方式中，所述传感器电子组件包括射频识别装置(RFID)电路，其可操作地耦合至所述缓冲电路，并且被配置成传送对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据。
在某些实施方式中，分析物监控装置进一步包括外壳，其封闭所述自供电传感器和所述传感器电子组件，其中，密封所述外壳，以阻止水分进入所述外壳。
在某些实施方式中，所述查询信号包括RFID信号。
在某些实施方式中，在所述传感器电子组件不在所述远程电源的范围内时，所述传感器电子组件从活动状态过渡到非活动状态。
在某些实施方式中，在与间质流体流体接触时，并且在所述传感器电子组件处于非活动状态中时，所述自供电分析物传感器被配置成生成所述信号。
在某些实施方式中，分析物监控装置进一步包括外壳，其封闭所述自供电传感器和所述传感器电子组件，所述外壳包括一个或多个机械元件，用于与远程装置在物理上可拆卸地接合。
在某些实施方式中，所述远程装置包括所述远程电源。
在某些实施方式中，所述一个或多个机械元件包括可释放闩、可释放臂部或者可释放锁中的一个或多个。
在某些实施方式中，一种分析物监控装置包括：自供电分析物传感器，其具有与在皮肤表面之下的间质流体流体接触的至少一部分；以及传感器电子组件，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，所述传感器电子组件被配置成接收所述自供电分析物传感器所生成的信号并且传送对应于所述自供电分析物传感器所监控的分析物水平的数据，所述传感器电子组件包括：缓冲电路，其可操作地耦合至所述自供电分析物传感器，用于从所述自供电分析物传感器中接收所述已生成的信号；以及射频识别装置(RFID)电路，其可操作地耦合至所述缓冲电路，并且被配置成传送对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据，其中，在由远程电源供电时，所述传感器电子组件从非活动状态过渡到活动状态，并且在从所述远程电源中接收查询信号时，并且响应于查询信号，将对应于与所述监控的分析物水平相关联的已生成的信号的数据传送给所述远程电源。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，使用由随着时间累积的并且储存在电容器器件内的自供电传感器的氧化反应所生成的信号，累积充足的电荷，以驱动传感器电子组件处理与所监控的分析物水平相关的信号，包括储存、过滤、处理并且传送给远程位置。通过这种方式，耦合至自供电分析物传感器的传感器电子组件不需要单独电源(例如，电池)来给传感器电子组件供电，用于处理与所监控的分析物水平相关的信号，包括储存已生成和处理的信号。
在一些实施方式中，远程装置(例如，显示装置)被配置成生成磁场，在定位成与传感器电子组件极为贴近时，该磁场锁定在所述传感器电子组件中的开关，以驱动储存在传感器电子组件电容器器件内的电荷(由自供电传感器生成)，以连接传感器电子组件的剩余部分，仅仅通过储存在电容器内的由自供电传感器生成的电荷有效地给传感器电子组件供电。
在进一步实施方式中，在密封的外壳内提供自供电传感器和传感器电子组件，不包括易受传感器的杀菌过程影响的电子元件，否则其会退化或者损坏这种电子元件。通过这种方式，在某些实施方式中，提供包括传感器电子组件和分析物传感器的单个封闭的外壳，可以使用单独杀菌技术共同杀菌，而不损坏或退化体上传感器装置的元件。
在某些实施方式中，一种监控分析物水平的方法包括：经皮定位与在皮肤表面之下的间质流体流体接触的分析物传感器；在传感器电子组件中的电容器器件内累积电荷预定的时间段，所述电容器器件与所述分析物传感器信号通信并且从所述分析物传感器中接收信号；检测磁场超过阈值水平；在所检测的磁场超过所述阈值水平时，锁定在所述传感器电子组件中提供的开关，以耦合在传感器电子组件中的电容器器件和传感器信号处理元件；并且连接所述电容器器件和所述传感器信号处理元件，以通过在所述电容器器件中累积的电荷给所述传感器信号处理元件提供电力。
在某些实施方式中，一种用于监控分析物水平的装置包括：用于经皮定位的分析物传感器，其与间质流体流体接触；传感器电子组件，包括：传感器信号处理元件；电容器器件，其可操作地耦合至所述分析物传感器，以累积电荷预定的时间段；以及开关，其被配置成在检测到磁场超过阈值水平时锁定，以将所述电容器器件耦合到传感器信号处理元件，其中，在锁定所述开关时，所述电容器器件被配置成通过在所述电容器器件中累积的电荷给所述传感器信号处理元件提供电力。
在不背离本公开的实施方式的范围和精神的情况下，在本公开的操作结构和方法中的各种其他修改和变更对于本领域的技术人员显而易见。虽然结合特定的实施方式描述了本公开，但应理解的是，所要求保护的本公开不应过度限于这种特定的实施方式。其目的在于，以下权利要求限定本公开的范围，从而涵盖在这些权利要求及其等同物的范围内的结构和方法。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于监控分析物水平的装置，包括：
分析物传感器，配置为在与间质流体接触时生成电流；以及
传感器电子组件，包括：电容器器件，位于所述分析物传感器和所述电容器器件之间的开关，以及一个或多个元件，其中：
所述电容器器件被配置为通过所述开关接收电流，以累积电荷，其中，所述开关具有第一状态和第二状态，其中，当所述开关处于所述第一状态时，所述电容器器件操作地耦合至所述分析物传感器，使得所述电容器器件能够接收所述电流，其中，当所述开关处于所述第二状态时，所述电容器器件操作地从所述分析物传感器解耦合，使得所述电容器器件不能接收所述电流；以及
所述开关被配置成在检测到超过阈值水平的第一磁场时从所述第一状态切换至所述第二状态；以及
所述电容器器件被配置为在所述开关处于所述第二状态时对累积的电荷放电，以对所述一个或多个元件进行供电，其中，所述一个或多个元件中的第一元件被配置为通过使用从所述电容器器件放电的所述累积的电荷生成第二磁场，该第二磁场指示所述开关处于所述第二状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述分析物传感器是自供电分析物传感器，其中，所述分析物传感器被配置而生成的电流与所述间质流体中分析物的浓度成比例。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述传感器电子组件还包括：电阻器，位于所述分析物传感器和所述开关之间，用于限制所述电容器器件从所述分析物传感器接收的所述电流。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述一个或多个元件包括：数据储存单元，用于在所述开关处于所述第二状态时，储存对应于监控的所述分析物水平的一个或多个分析物值。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述一个或多个元件包括：数据通信单元，用于在所述开关处于所述第二状态时，传送对应于监控的所述分析物水平的一个或多个信号。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述一个或多个元件包括：
数据储存单元，用于在所述开关处于所述第二状态时，储存对应于监控的所述分析物水平的一个或多个分析物值；以及
数据通信单元，用于在所述开关处于所述第二状态时传送表示所储存的分析物值的一个或多个信号。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，在检测到所述第一磁场低于所述阈值水平时，从所述第二状态切换到所述第一状态。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一元件包括电线回路。
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| JP6571089B2 (ja) | 2019-09-04 |
| AU2014374361A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
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| JP2017504392A (ja) | 2017-02-09 |
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| EP3089666A1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
| CN105899132A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
| EP3089666B1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
| US20150182153A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
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