CN105838995A - Low-density, high-strength and high-specific-modulus steel material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-density, high-strength and high-specific-modulus steel material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002551 Fe-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料及其制备方法，添加了7～15wt.%Al降低钢铁材料的密度，配制成分包含10.0～30.0 wt.%Mn、0.6～1.6 wt.%Ｃ、余量为铁的合金材料，通过控制凝固过程及后续时效热处理，固态下大量析出纳米碳化物，获得低密度、高强、高比模量的轻质钢钢材。其密度为5.8～7.22g/cm3，强度为600～1400MPa，延伸率为20～100%，经过200～800℃时效处理，沉淀析出5～50%体积分数的纳米尺寸碳化物，使其弹性模量升高至180～280GPa。本发明方法工艺流程简单，降低能耗，节约资源，减少污染并提高生产效率，制备的钢材性能优于传统工艺。
The invention discloses a steel material with low density, high strength and high specific modulus and a preparation method thereof. 7-15wt.%Al is added to reduce the density of the steel material, and the prepared ingredients include 10.0-30.0wt.%Mn, 0.6-1.6 The alloy material with wt.%C and the balance is iron, through controlling the solidification process and subsequent aging heat treatment, a large number of nano-carbides are precipitated in the solid state, and a light steel with low density, high strength and high specific modulus is obtained. Its density is 5.8-7.22g/cm 3 , strength is 600-1400MPa, and elongation is 20-100%. After aging treatment at 200-800°C, nano-sized carbides with a volume fraction of 5-50% are precipitated to make it elastic. The modulus increases to 180-280GPa. The method of the invention has simple technological process, reduces energy consumption, saves resources, reduces pollution and improves production efficiency, and the performance of the prepared steel is better than that of the traditional process.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种高强度钢及其制备方法，特别是一种轻质高强度钢及其制备方法，应用于金属材料制备技术领域。 The invention relates to a high-strength steel and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a light-weight high-strength steel and a preparation method thereof, which are applied in the technical field of metal material preparation.
背景技术 Background technique
为应对当前社会日益严重的环境问题以及能源危机，在汽车行业中，一方面要满足对汽车安全以及舒适性要求的同时，实现轻量化是汽车节能、减排和汽车工业可持续发展的必然趋势。减轻汽车自重是提高汽车的燃油经济性、节约能耗的重要措施之一。据实验证明，汽车每减重10%，油耗可下降6%～8%，排放量可下降4%左右,而每减少1L的燃油消耗，会少排放2.45Kg的CO2，也可减少汽车尾气对环境的污染，目前世界各国的许多组织机构纷纷开展汽车轻量化项目。 In order to cope with the increasingly serious environmental problems and energy crisis in the current society, in the automobile industry, on the one hand, it is necessary to meet the requirements for automobile safety and comfort, and at the same time, to achieve lightweight is an inevitable trend for automobile energy saving, emission reduction and sustainable development of the automobile industry. . Reducing the weight of the vehicle is one of the important measures to improve the fuel economy and save energy consumption of the vehicle. According to experiments, for every 10% weight loss of a car, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 6% to 8%, and the emission can be reduced by about 4%, and every reduction of 1L of fuel consumption will reduce the emission of 2.45Kg of CO 2 , which can also reduce vehicle exhaust. In order to pollute the environment, many organizations and institutions in various countries around the world have launched automobile lightweight projects.
实现汽车轻量化的一个重要途径就是使用高强度钢替代普通钢材，降低钢板厚度从而减轻重量。然而，即使钢铁材料具有很高的强度也不能没有限度的去降低其厚度，而不去考虑汽车结构刚度取决于材料的弹性模量、零件形状和尺寸等的因素。因此，研发具有高比强度、高比刚度的材料是汽车轻量化道路上必须要克服的难题。高强塑性、高模量的低密度钢因其在车辆的碰撞安全以及结构刚度上有更好的表现而倍受青睐。 An important way to achieve lightweight vehicles is to use high-strength steel instead of ordinary steel to reduce the thickness of the steel plate to reduce weight. However, even steel materials with high strength cannot reduce their thickness indefinitely without considering the fact that the structural stiffness of the car depends on the elastic modulus of the material, the shape and size of the parts, etc. Therefore, the development of materials with high specific strength and high specific stiffness is a difficult problem that must be overcome on the road to lightweight vehicles. High-strength plasticity, high-modulus low-density steel is favored because of its better performance in vehicle crash safety and structural rigidity.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术问题，本发明的目的在于克服已有技术存在的不足，提供一种低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料及其制备方法，通过控制合金成分并施加适当后续热处理工艺增强纳米级碳化物析出量来制备低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料，包括制备工艺和后续热处理工艺。制备工艺包括传统缓慢凝固+热处理工艺制备过饱和的低密度钢铁材料，还包括使用快速及亚快速凝固技术直接制备过饱和低密度钢铁材料。再配合后续的时效热处理工艺，扩大固溶极限增加低密度钢中纳米级碳化物的析出量，直接制备出具有高强塑性、高比模量的低密度钢。所述的时效热处理工艺为时效温度为200-800℃，保温时间为1-20小时，冷却方式为随炉冷却。上述方法工艺流程简单，降低能耗，节约资源，减少污染并提高生产效率，并且获得的钢材其性能优于传统工艺。 In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a low-density, high-strength, high-specific-modulus steel material and its preparation method, which can be strengthened by controlling the composition of the alloy and applying an appropriate follow-up heat treatment process. Nano-scale carbide precipitation is used to prepare low-density, high-strength, high-specific modulus steel materials, including the preparation process and subsequent heat treatment process. The preparation process includes the traditional slow solidification + heat treatment process to prepare supersaturated low-density steel materials, and also includes the use of rapid and sub-rapid solidification technology to directly prepare supersaturated low-density steel materials. Combined with the subsequent aging heat treatment process, the solid solution limit is expanded to increase the precipitation of nano-scale carbides in low-density steel, and low-density steel with high-strength plasticity and high specific modulus is directly prepared. In the aging heat treatment process, the aging temperature is 200-800° C., the holding time is 1-20 hours, and the cooling method is furnace cooling. The above-mentioned method has the advantages of simple technological process, reduced energy consumption, saved resources, reduced pollution and improved production efficiency, and the performance of the obtained steel is better than that of the traditional technology.
为达到上述发明创造目的，采用下述技术方案： In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of invention and creation, the following technical solutions are adopted:
一种低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料，为Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金，其合金组分质量百分比含量为：Mn为10.0～30.0 wt.%，Al为7.0～15.0 wt.%，Ｃ为0.6～1.6 wt.%，余量为铁，通过控制凝固过程及后续时效热处理，Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金在固态下析出纳米碳化物，制成低密度、高强、高比模量的轻质钢铁材料。 A low-density, high-strength, high-specific-modulus iron and steel material is a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy, and its alloy component mass percentage content is: Mn is 10.0-30.0 wt.%, and Al is 7.0-15.0 wt.%. , C is 0.6～1.6 wt.%, and the balance is iron. Through controlling the solidification process and subsequent aging heat treatment, the Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy precipitates nano-carbides in the solid state to make a light steel material with low density, high strength and high specific modulus. .
作为优选的技术方案，Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金在固态下析出的纳米碳化物总量为Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金中的组成相含量的5～50 vol.%。 As a preferred technical solution, the total amount of nano carbides precipitated from the Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy in the solid state is 5-50 vol.% of the constituent phase content in the Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy.
作为上述方案进一步优选的技术方案，其合金组分质量百分比含量为：Mn为12.0～30.0 wt.%，Al为9.0 wt.%，Ｃ为0.8～1.2 wt.%，余量为Fe。 As a further preferred technical solution of the above solution, the mass percentage content of the alloy components is: Mn is 12.0-30.0 wt.%, Al is 9.0 wt.%, and C is 0.8-1.2 wt.%, the balance is Fe.
一种制备低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料的方法，包括如下步骤： A method for preparing low-density, high-strength, high-specific modulus steel materials, comprising the steps of:
1）以铁、锰、铝、碳为原材料制备四元合金铸锭，其合金原料配比采用的质量百分比为：锰为10.0-30.0 wt.%，铝 为7.0-15.0 wt.% ，碳为0.6-1.6 wt.%，余量为纯铁；合金原料颗粒直径优选为1-2mm； 1) Prepare quaternary alloy ingots with iron, manganese, aluminum, and carbon as raw materials. The mass percentages of the alloy raw materials are: 10.0-30.0 wt.% for manganese, 7.0-15.0 wt.% for aluminum, and 7.0-15.0 wt.% for carbon. 0.6-1.6 wt.%, the balance is pure iron; the diameter of alloy raw material particles is preferably 1-2mm;
2）将在所述步骤1）中制备的合金铸锭切取所需尺寸后放入坩埚中，通过加热工艺，将合金铸锭熔融成合金熔体； 2) Cutting the alloy ingot prepared in step 1) to the required size and putting it into a crucible, and melting the alloy ingot into an alloy melt through a heating process;
3）通过控制凝固过程，将在所述步骤2）中制备的熔融的合金熔体注入铜模中，制备厚度为0.5-10mm的成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板；或者利用在所述步骤2）中制备的熔融的合金熔体，采用铸造、轧制工艺，制备厚度为0.5-10mm的成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板；在进行合金熔体凝固成形时，优选采用快速凝固方法直接制备成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板；或者优选采用亚快速凝固方法直接制备成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板，再或者优选采用慢速凝固方法并进行后续热处理工艺制备成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板；在采用快速凝固方法或亚快速凝固方法时，优选采用喷铸、吸铸或离心浇铸方法直接制备成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板；在采用慢速凝固方法并进行后续热处理工艺时，优选采用均质化工艺、轧制工艺并辅助固溶热处理工艺制备成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板； 3) By controlling the solidification process, inject the molten alloy melt prepared in the step 2) into a copper mold to prepare a uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet with a thickness of 0.5-10mm; or use the alloy melt prepared in the step 2) The molten alloy melt prepared in ) adopts casting and rolling process to prepare a uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet with a thickness of 0.5-10mm; when performing alloy melt solidification and forming, it is preferred to use the rapid solidification method to directly prepare the composition Uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet; or it is preferable to directly prepare a composition uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet by using a sub-rapid solidification method, or it is preferable to use a slow solidification method and perform a subsequent heat treatment process to prepare a composition uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet; in When the rapid solidification method or the sub-rapid solidification method is adopted, it is preferable to directly prepare a uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet by spray casting, suction casting or centrifugal casting; Chemical process, rolling process and assisted solution heat treatment process to prepare uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet;
4）将在所述步骤3）制备的合金薄板放入热处理炉内加热，在200-800℃下，进行1-20h的后续时效处理，通过时效热处理，Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金在固态下析出纳米碳化物，然后进行冷却，冷却方式采用随炉冷却，制成低密度、高强、高比模量的轻质钢铁材料。进行时效热处理时，优选将时效温度控制在400-600℃。优选控制Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金在固态下析出的纳米碳化物总量为Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金中的组成相含量的5～50 vol.%。 4) Put the alloy sheet prepared in the step 3) into a heat treatment furnace for heating, and perform a subsequent aging treatment at 200-800°C for 1-20h, and through the aging heat treatment, the Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy in the solid state Precipitate nano-carbides, and then cool them. The cooling method adopts furnace cooling to make light steel materials with low density, high strength and high specific modulus. When performing aging heat treatment, the aging temperature is preferably controlled at 400-600°C. Preferably, the total amount of nano carbides precipitated from the Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy in the solid state is controlled to be 5-50 vol.% of the constituent phase content in the Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy.
本发明与现有技术相比较，具有如下显而易见的突出实质性特点和显著优点： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following obvious outstanding substantive features and significant advantages:
1.本发明基于Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢铁材料可大量析出碳化物的特点，通过亚快速或者快速凝固技术直接制备或者使用传统的慢速凝固技术＋热处理工艺制备成分均匀和过饱和固溶的低密度钢铁材料，再经后续时效热处理后，从固相中大量析出纳米级尺寸的碳化物，从而增加纳米级碳化物的析出数量，利用纳米级碳化物提高低密度钢的弹性模量，能制备出具有高强塑性、高比模量的低密度钢材； 1. The present invention is based on the feature that Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density iron and steel materials can precipitate a large amount of carbides. It can be directly prepared by sub-rapid or rapid solidification technology or use traditional slow solidification technology + heat treatment process to prepare uniform and supersaturated components. Solid-solution low-density steel materials, after subsequent aging heat treatment, a large number of nano-sized carbides are precipitated from the solid phase, thereby increasing the number of nano-sized carbides, and using nano-sized carbides to improve the elastic modulus of low-density steel It can produce low density steel with high strength plasticity and high specific modulus;
2. 本发明制备的低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料中大量析出纳米级碳化物，使制备的Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢铁材料的密度为5.8～7.22g/cm3，强度为600MPa～1400MPa，延伸率为20～100%，弹性模量为180～280GPa，大大优于普通钢材的铸态性能； 2. A large number of nano-scale carbides are precipitated in the low-density, high-strength, high-specific modulus steel material prepared by the present invention, so that the density of the prepared Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steel material is 5.8～7.22g/cm 3 , The strength is 600MPa～1400MPa, the elongation is 20～100%, and the elastic modulus is 180～280GPa, which is much better than the as-cast performance of ordinary steel;
3. 本发明制备得到的低密度、高比模量钢无需液态添加增强颗粒，只需适当时效处理工艺就可使模量提高，其优点在于工艺简单、节省资源、降低能耗。 3. The low-density, high-specific-modulus steel prepared by the present invention does not need to add reinforcing particles in a liquid state, and only needs an appropriate aging treatment process to increase the modulus. Its advantages lie in simple process, resource saving and energy consumption reduction.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例一制备的Fe20Mn9Al0.8C铸态及时效处理后的模量数据图。 Fig. 1 is a graph of modulus data of Fe20Mn9Al0.8C as cast and after aging treatment prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例一制备的Fe20Mn9Al0.8C中纳米级碳化物的高分辨图片。 Fig. 2 is a high-resolution picture of nanoscale carbides in Fe20Mn9Al0.8C prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例二制备的Fe12Mn9Al1.2C铸态及时效处理后的模量数据图。 Fig. 3 is a graph of modulus data of Fe12Mn9Al1.2C as cast and after aging treatment prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
本发明的优选实施例详述如下： Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows:
实施例一：Embodiment one:
在本实施例中，一种低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料，为Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金，其合金组分质量百分比含量为：铁为70.2 wt.%，Mn为20.0 wt.%，Al为9.0 wt.%，Ｃ为0.8 wt.%，通过控制凝固过程及后续时效热处理，Fe-Mn-Al-Ｃ合金在固态下析出纳米碳化物，制成低密度、高强、高比模量的轻质钢铁材料。 In this embodiment, a low-density, high-strength, high-specific-modulus steel material is Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy, and its alloy composition mass percentage content is: iron is 70.2 wt.%, Mn is 20.0 wt .%, Al is 9.0 wt.%, C is 0.8 wt.%, through controlling the solidification process and subsequent aging heat treatment, the Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy precipitates nano-carbides in the solid state, and is made into a lightweight alloy with low density, high strength and high specific modulus. steel material.
在本实施例中，一种制备低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料的方法，包括如下步骤： In this embodiment, a method for preparing a low-density, high-strength, high-specific-modulus steel material comprises the following steps:
1）按照质量比铁为70.2%，锰为20.0%，铝为9.0%，碳为0.8%的质量配比进行配料，采用合金原料总质量为100g，合金原料颗粒直径1-2mm，混合均匀后，使用真空熔炼炉进行熔炼，熔炼为类圆锥形或棒状铸锭的原始铸锭； 1) According to the mass ratio of 70.2% iron, 20.0% manganese, 9.0% aluminum, and 0.8% carbon, the batching is carried out. The total mass of the alloy raw material is 100g, and the particle diameter of the alloy raw material is 1-2mm. After mixing evenly , using a vacuum melting furnace for melting, smelting the original ingot into a quasi-conical or rod-shaped ingot;
2）将约100g的所述步骤1）中制备的原始铸锭切取成合适大小的合金块，取用总质量为10g的合金块，使用真空喷铸设备喷铸成薄板形铸件，过程为：将合金块放入石英玻璃管内，将内部有小合金块的石英管套入感应线圈内，上方旋入氩气接口，关闭腔门；然后使用机械泵抽取低真空；真空度达到5.0×100Pa时，关闭机械泵，开启分子泵抽取高真空，真空度为5×10-3Pa时关闭分子泵，冲入氩气；然后重复抽取低真空、高真空步骤，洗气完毕后，充入氩气；然后对腔体充入氩气至-0.05MPa，再使石英管内充入氩气至-0.01MPa，启动加热线圈，将合金块加热至约1600℃，确保合金块熔化充分，得到合金熔体； 2) Cut about 100g of the original ingot prepared in the step 1) into alloy blocks of suitable size, take the alloy blocks with a total mass of 10g, and use vacuum spray casting equipment to spray cast them into thin plate castings. The process is as follows: Put the alloy block into the quartz glass tube, put the quartz tube with the small alloy block inside into the induction coil, screw the argon gas port on the top, and close the chamber door; then use a mechanical pump to extract a low vacuum; the vacuum degree reaches 5.0×10 0 At Pa, turn off the mechanical pump, turn on the molecular pump to extract high vacuum, turn off the molecular pump when the vacuum degree is 5×10 -3 Pa, and pour in argon; then repeat the steps of pumping low vacuum and high vacuum, and fill the Argon gas; then fill the cavity with argon gas to -0.05MPa, then fill the quartz tube with argon gas to -0.01MPa, start the heating coil, and heat the alloy block to about 1600°C to ensure that the alloy block is fully melted to obtain the alloy melt;
3）待合金块熔化充分后，按下喷铸按钮，将在所述步骤2）中制备的熔融的合金熔体从石英玻璃管中注入铜模中，在亚快速凝固条件下，待铜模冷却后，打开腔盖并起开铜模得到厚度为2mm的制备的成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板； 3) After the alloy block is fully melted, press the spray casting button, inject the molten alloy melt prepared in the step 2) from the quartz glass tube into the copper mold, and under the sub-rapid solidification condition, wait for the copper mold After cooling, open the chamber cover and open the copper mold to obtain a uniform and supersaturated alloy sheet with a thickness of 2mm;
4）将在所述步骤3）制备的合金薄板使用管式真空加热炉进行热处理，过程为将薄板放置于坩埚上，将坩埚置于管式真空加热炉内，通入冷却水；开启机械泵，抽取低真空，当真空度为5×100pa时关闭机械泵；开启分子泵抽取高真空，当真空度为5×10-3Pa时，高真空抽取完毕，保持分子泵一直运行直至实验结束。设置时效热处理制度分别为加热至400℃或600℃并保温3h，后随炉冷却，待炉体冷却后，打开腔体并取出样品，制成低密度、高强、高比模量的轻质钢铁材料。 4) Heat the alloy sheet prepared in step 3) using a tube-type vacuum heating furnace. The process is to place the sheet on the crucible, place the crucible in the tube-type vacuum heating furnace, and feed cooling water; turn on the mechanical pump , draw a low vacuum, turn off the mechanical pump when the vacuum degree is 5×10 0 Pa; turn on the molecular pump to draw a high vacuum, when the vacuum degree is 5×10 -3 Pa, the high vacuum pumping is completed, keep the molecular pump running until the experiment Finish. The aging heat treatment system is set as heating to 400°C or 600°C and holding for 3 hours, and then cooling with the furnace. After the furnace body cools down, open the cavity and take out the samples to make light steel with low density, high strength, and high specific modulus. Material.
实验测试分析：Experimental test analysis:
参见图1和图2，使用型号为RFDA MF SYSTEM21的高温弹性模量及内耗测试设备测量铸态及时效后室温下的弹性模量；使用MTS万能拉伸机对样品进行拉伸测试；使用密度仪对样品测取密度，数据如表1。 See Figure 1 and Figure 2, the model used is RFDA MF The high-temperature elastic modulus and internal friction testing equipment of SYSTEM21 measures the elastic modulus at room temperature after casting and aging; the MTS universal tensile machine is used to perform tensile tests on the samples; the density of the samples is measured using a density meter, and the data are shown in Table 1.
表1. Fe20Mn9Al0.8C合金的力学性能 Table 1. Mechanical properties of Fe20Mn9Al0.8C alloy
从 图2可知，本实施例制备的Fe20Mn9Al0.8C大量析出纳米级碳化物。本实施例采用感应熔炼、铸造处理技术，制备成分均匀和过饱和的低密度、高强钢坯和钢锭，热后通过时效热处理时，从固态析出纳米级碳化物，从而获得低密度、高强、高比模量的低密度钢。本实施例通过凝固过程控制或固溶处理然后进行后续时效处理，固态下析出纳米尺寸碳化物，制备低密度、高强、高比模量的轻质钢铁材料。本实施例制备得到的低密度、高比模量钢无需液态添加增强颗粒，只需适当时效处理工艺就可使模量提高，其优点在于工艺简单、节省资源、降低能耗。 It can be seen from Figure 2 that Fe20Mn9Al0.8C prepared in this example precipitated a large number of nano-scale carbides. This embodiment adopts induction melting and casting treatment technology to prepare low-density, high-strength steel billets and steel ingots with uniform and supersaturated components. Modulus low density steel. In this embodiment, through solidification process control or solution treatment followed by subsequent aging treatment, nanometer-sized carbides are precipitated in the solid state, and a light steel material with low density, high strength and high specific modulus is prepared. The low-density, high-specific-modulus steel prepared in this example does not need to add reinforcing particles in a liquid state, and only needs a proper aging treatment process to increase the modulus. The advantages are simple process, resource saving and energy consumption reduction.
实施例二：Embodiment two:
本实施例与实施例一基本相同，特别之处在于： This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, especially in that:
在本实施例中，一种制备低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料的方法，包括如下步骤： In this embodiment, a method for preparing a low-density, high-strength, high-specific-modulus steel material comprises the following steps:
1）按照质量比铁为77.8%，锰为12.0%，铝为9.0%，碳为1.2%的质量配比进行配料，采用合金原料总质量为100g，合金原料颗粒直径1-2mm，混合均匀后，使用真空熔炼炉进行熔炼，熔炼为类圆锥形原始铸锭； 1) According to the mass ratio of 77.8% iron, 12.0% manganese, 9.0% aluminum, and 1.2% carbon, the batching is carried out. The total mass of the alloy raw material is 100g, and the particle diameter of the alloy raw material is 1-2mm. After mixing evenly , use a vacuum melting furnace for melting, and melt into a quasi-conical original ingot;
2）将约100g的所述步骤1）中制备的熔炼均匀的圆锥形原始铸锭放入离心浇铸系统中的石英管内，其中石英管上下连通，检查各个组件安装完毕，将腔盖闭合；然后通入冷却水，对腔体进行洗气步骤，开启机械泵抽取真空度为5×100Pa的低真空；在低真空抽取完毕后，关闭机械泵、开启分子泵抽取高真空，待真空度为5×10-3Pa时关闭分子泵，充入氩气至腔体压力表为“0”刻度时停止；然后重复抽取低真空、高真空步骤；在洗气步骤完成后，腔体内充入氩气，至表盘刻度为“0.07MPa”时停止，开启转动盘，调节转速至900r/min，待达到指定转速后，按加热按钮使感应线圈对铸锭进行加热；然后在感应电流的作用下，将铸锭加热至约1600℃，使其熔融成金属液； 2) Put about 100g of the uniformly smelted conical original ingot prepared in step 1) into the quartz tube in the centrifugal casting system, wherein the quartz tube is connected up and down, check that all components are installed, and close the chamber cover; then Put in cooling water, perform gas washing steps on the cavity, turn on the mechanical pump to extract a low vacuum with a vacuum degree of 5 ×100 Pa; When the pressure is 5×10 -3 Pa, turn off the molecular pump, fill the chamber with argon until the pressure gauge is "0" and stop; then repeat the low vacuum and high vacuum steps; after the gas washing step is completed, fill the chamber with Argon gas, stop when the dial scale is "0.07MPa", turn on the rotating disk, adjust the speed to 900r/min, after reaching the specified speed, press the heating button to make the induction coil heat the ingot; then under the action of the induced current , heating the ingot to about 1600°C to melt it into molten metal;
3）待合金块熔化充分后，确认其流动性良好后，抽取抽拉底板，将在所述步骤2）中制备的熔融的合金熔体在重力作用下流入导流漏斗，在离心作用使熔融的金属液注入铜模；待铜模冷却后停止转动盘转动，打开腔盖，起开铜模获得厚度为2.5mm的成分均匀且过饱和的合金薄板形铸件； 3) After the alloy block is fully melted, after confirming that its fluidity is good, the bottom plate is drawn, and the molten alloy melt prepared in the above step 2) flows into the diversion funnel under the action of gravity, and is melted by centrifugal action. The molten metal is poured into the copper mold; after the copper mold cools down, stop the rotation of the disc, open the chamber cover, and lift the copper mold to obtain a 2.5mm thick alloy sheet-shaped casting with uniform composition and supersaturation;
4）将在所述步骤3）制备的合金薄板使用管式真空加热炉进行热处理，过程为将薄板放置于坩埚上，将坩埚置于管式真空加热炉内，通入冷却水；开启机械泵，抽取低真空，当真空度为5×100Pa时关闭机械泵；开启分子泵抽取高真空，当真空度为5×10-3Pa时，高真空抽取完毕，保持分子泵一直运行直至实验结束。设置时效热处理制度分别为加热至400℃或600℃并保温3h，后随炉冷却，待炉体冷却后，打开腔体并取出样品，制成低密度、高强、高比模量的轻质钢铁材料。 4) Heat the alloy sheet prepared in step 3) using a tube-type vacuum heating furnace. The process is to place the sheet on the crucible, place the crucible in the tube-type vacuum heating furnace, and feed cooling water; turn on the mechanical pump , draw low vacuum, turn off the mechanical pump when the vacuum degree is 5×10 0 Pa; turn on the molecular pump to draw high vacuum, when the vacuum degree is 5×10 -3 Pa, the high vacuum pumping is completed, keep the molecular pump running until the experiment Finish. The aging heat treatment system is set as heating to 400°C or 600°C and holding for 3 hours, and then cooling with the furnace. After the furnace body cools down, open the cavity and take out the samples to make light steel with low density, high strength, and high specific modulus. Material.
实验测试分析：Experimental test analysis:
参见图3，使用型号为RFDA MF SYSTEM21的高温弹性模量及内耗测试设备、MTS万能拉伸试验机、密度仪对铸态及时效后样品进行测试，数据如表2。 Referring to Figure 3, the high-temperature elastic modulus and internal friction testing equipment model RFDA MF SYSTEM21, MTS universal tensile testing machine, and density meter were used to test the as-cast and aged samples, and the data are shown in Table 2.
表2. Fe12Mn9Al1.2C合金的力学性能 Table 2. Mechanical properties of Fe12Mn9Al1.2C alloy
上面结合附图对本发明实施例进行了说明，但本发明不限于上述实施例，还可以根据本发明的发明创造的目的做出多种变化，凡依据本发明技术方案的精神实质和原理下做的改变、修饰、替代、组合或简化，均应为等效的置换方式，只要符合本发明的发明目的，只要不背离本发明低密度、高强、高比模量钢铁材料及其制备方法的技术原理和发明构思，都属于本发明的保护范围。 The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various changes can also be made according to the purpose of the invention of the present invention. The changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, as long as they meet the purpose of the invention, as long as they do not deviate from the technology of the low-density, high-strength, high-specific modulus steel material and its preparation method of the present invention Principles and inventive concepts all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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