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CN1054374A - 一种用于混合和注射药物的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种用于混合和注射药物的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1054374A
CN1054374A CN91101123A CN91101123A CN1054374A CN 1054374 A CN1054374 A CN 1054374A CN 91101123 A CN91101123 A CN 91101123A CN 91101123 A CN91101123 A CN 91101123A CN 1054374 A CN1054374 A CN 1054374A
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piston rod
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弗瑞茨·伯恩尼希森
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Novo Nordisk AS
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31533Dosing mechanisms, i.e. setting a dose
    • A61M5/31545Setting modes for dosing
    • A61M5/31548Mechanically operated dose setting member
    • A61M5/3155Mechanically operated dose setting member by rotational movement of dose setting member, e.g. during setting or filling of a syringe
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
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    • A61M5/2448Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic comprising means for injection of two or more media, e.g. by mixing
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    • A61M5/31578Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on axial translation, i.e. components directly operatively associated and axially moved with plunger rod
    • A61M5/3158Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on axial translation, i.e. components directly operatively associated and axially moved with plunger rod performed by axially moving actuator operated by user, e.g. an injection button
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    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
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    • A61M5/31565Administration mechanisms, i.e. constructional features, modes of administering a dose
    • A61M5/31576Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods
    • A61M5/31583Constructional features or modes of drive mechanisms for piston rods based on rotational translation, i.e. movement of piston rod is caused by relative rotation between the user activated actuator and the piston rod
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    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31533Dosing mechanisms, i.e. setting a dose
    • A61M5/31535Means improving security or handling thereof, e.g. blocking means, means preventing insufficient dosing, means allowing correction of overset dose
    • A61M5/31541Means preventing setting of a dose beyond the amount remaining in the cartridge
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/315Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31533Dosing mechanisms, i.e. setting a dose
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    • A61M5/50Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
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    • A61M5/502Means for blocking the piston or the fluid passageway to prevent illegal refilling of a syringe for blocking the piston

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Abstract

为了保证最仔细地混合在两隔室卡普耳(1)内的 液体和固相药物,该卡普耳(1)放入一个补壳(17)中, 并通过装上注射针(19)来固定,一个活塞杆(9)则可 以向前移动,以便混合药物,该混合是由活塞杆均匀 向前移动获得的,在混合腔室内的空气通过注射针 (19)排出。
为了接着设置需注射的混合药物的剂量,活塞的 位移量可以通过螺旋连接(26)将压缩部件(10,20)从 活塞杆(9)的位移在注射时被限制,由此限制了注射 剂量。

Description

本发明涉及一种在卡普耳已经装入注射器之后,用来混合在两隔室卡普耳内的液体和药物,并按剂量注射所混合的制品的方法。该卡普耳包括一个装有药物的前腔室,其前端由密封卡普耳的膜限定,后端由第一个可移动的活塞密封,和一个装有液体的后腔室,其前端由第一个可移动的活塞限定,后端由在卡普耳后端的第二个可移动活塞限定,和一个在两个腔室之间的通道,该通道可由第一和第二活塞,以及它们之间的液体朝着卡普耳前端方向的共同位移而打开,随后,第二活塞进一步移动压迫液体经过通道与药物混合。
本发明还涉及一种能实现上述方法和可用于依次按剂量注射上述混合物的装置。
这类方法和装置特别适用于流动的治疗,因为病人在注射前可以自己混合药物。
特别是对于易分解的药物,它们可被有利地包装在两隔室卡普耳内,由此大大延长了贮存期限。
这种药物的一个例子是冷冻干燥的增长激素,当混合时,它不能承受用力的振动,因此,混合应当在注射前尽可能短的时间内,并尽可能仔细地进行。
从丹麦第3679/88号专利申请的说明书中已知一种混合这种药物的方法和一种注射装置。
混合是在敏感相保持一个相对较高的压力的同时,通过一个螺旋机构将含液相压入前腔室,使得后腔室内的后活塞向前移动来实现的。因此,混合是在压力的作用下,在密封的前腔室内进行的。
螺旋运动是通过手指转动在装置末端上的旋钮来实现的,这就意味着螺旋运动将不平稳地进行,这将不可避免地在振动和液体输入这两个方面干扰混合,更进一步讲,由于卡普耳是由膜密封的,因此,混合在压力下进行,这样会在混合物中产生不希望有的混合旋涡。
本发明的目的在于消除已知方法的这些缺陷和缺点,本发明从管状外壳的前端把卡普耳插入外壳内,由此,装在外壳内的,并沿其纵向移动的活塞杆通过邻近的第二活塞经外壳后端被推出,随后,装上带有注射针的螺旋止动器,以便把卡普耳固定在外壳内并穿透膜片,接着把活塞杆推入外壳内,以便按照向着卡普耳前端的方向推压后活塞,直到液体经通道压入前腔室。
由此得到了特别仔细的混合。首先,活塞杆向前的运动必须是连续的运动,即当活塞杆向前运动时,没有停顿,例如当顶着桌面或类似物推压时。这种方法也提供了较好的混合,因为这是在通过注射针释放压力的同时和在液体恒速流出的情况下进行的。因此,这种方法不同于在已有技术中已知的振动,加压的方法,并完全地防止了在液体输送时所不希望的变化。这就提供了一种以前所不知的,良好的混合物保存期,和由此而得到的最佳的治疗。
如权利要求3所说的,通过在混合和注射装置中提供具有抽取掣子的活塞杆,防止了通过抽取而无意识地吸入空气的危险,例如,在设置剂量时。
如在权利要求4中所说的,为了确定在注射时活塞杆的向前位移,提供具有一个设定机构的装置,从而得到精确的剂量,并由此获得最佳的医学治疗。
如权利要求5所述,为设定机构提供一个标尺,它在每次注射之后被置于零位,由此减少了注射剂量不正确的危险。
如权利要求6所述,当设置剂量时,由于防止了活塞杆的转动,从而保证了精确的注射剂量。
最后,如在权利要求7中所述的,将抽取掣子和连接装置设计成具有与活塞杆上的朝向后面的互相啮合的齿的臂的支持器是合适的。由此,活塞杆一方面当臂推压活塞杆时防止向后移动,另一方面当支持器与活塞杆上的纵向槽啮合时,防止转动。
本发明将参照附图作进一步说明,其中:
图1表示用于人工注射针插入的注射装置的剖面图,混合在此全部完成,并为设置和注射作为准备。
图2表示用于自动注射针插入的注射装置的剖面图,混合在此也全部完成,并为设置和注射作好准备。
在附图中,用根据本发明的装置的两个实施例来表示最佳实施例的例子。
参照图1,所谓的人工混合和注射装置在下面将更详细地说明。
当处于标准贮存状态时,两隔室卡普耳1被分隔为两个腔室,液相位于后腔室内,药物位于前腔室内。
活塞24在两腔室之间的通道后面,后活塞23位于卡普耳1的后部,在卡普耳前部有一个膜片和一个用于装注射针19的支持器,然而,注射针一般直到卡普耳已被插入装置的外壳17里之后才装上。
外壳17具有管状壳体的形状,其中卡普耳1可以从图中右边插入。当卡普耳1已插入时,通过从前端旋入外壳内将其固定,由此,带有注射针19的锁紧装置16穿透膜片。
在卡普耳1的后部,装有一个止推环3,该环有一个更小的止推环,当卡普耳1插入时,它向后进入外壳内。
从放大的详图中可以进一步看出,在外壳17的后部设计有一个壳体件8,其中装有具有弹性掣子臂4的锁紧装置28。这些臂4通常沿轴向延伸,且在它们的末端的侧下方有向前倾斜的齿榫。
当插入过程中,卡普耳1顶着止推环3推压,当卡普耳压到底时,臂4被向下压,齿进入挡板,与在活塞杆9外侧上的相应的齿啮合。
该啮合起到一个单向掣子的作用,因为活塞杆9将因此向前滑动,但不能后退,因此,空气不可能吸入。
活塞杆9进一步防止了围绕纵轴的转动,因为臂4或锁紧装置28起到了在活塞杆9上的纵向槽29的掣子作用,因此,活塞杆做成不能转动的,这是为了实现由转动运动设定剂量所必需的。
如图所示,活塞杆9伸到外壳17外面,在其末端有一个螺纹,该螺纹可以设在内部,如图所示,或设在外部。
一个带螺纹的元件26拧在该内螺纹内,在其末端处固定到底部20上,底部20在盖子10内向外延伸,它也向外延伸到外壳17的壳体件8的外面。
壳体件8的后部有一个插销臂11,它与在盖子10内侧的纵向槽共同作用,盖子的轴向运动由这些槽限定,槽上有一个挡块21限定盖子10的纵向位移。
最后,该装置还装有一个由外周弹簧12控制的标尺7,因此,当转动盖子10、20标定剂量时,标尺7可以被一个未示出的挡块阻住,当拉回盖子10时,标尺7被释放,则弹簧把标尺推回到它的初始位置。
剂量是通过转动盖子来设定的,且由插销臂11的“卡塔”声的数目做标记,由此,从活塞杆9拧松盖子20。同时,标尺按这样的方向转动,使得剂量可以与在外壳17上的零位相比较读出。然后通过向前推压盖子20进行注射,直到注射结束,即当盖子20紧靠在壳体件8上时。此后,盖子10退回到标尺7的零位,可以设置和注射新的剂量。
标尺还有一个在壳体件8上的挡块22,这使得限制位移成为可能,进而限定剂量,壳体件8沿纵向上的位移受到限制。
图2所示的是实施例的一个例子,其中装置还具有一个弹簧驱动的注射针插入装置。
在外壳17内也有一个用来放入卡普耳1的腔室,因此,它可以从端部插入,并影响止推环3,使其控制掣子臂4与活塞杆9上的齿啮合。盖子10也可以通过带螺纹元件32与活塞杆9上的外螺纹相啮合,相对于活塞杆9转动。
此外,具有圆盘30的带螺纹元件31旋入活塞杆9的末端,使得预置活塞杆最大的向前位移量成为可能,以保证卡普耳存储足够的液体用于最后设定剂量,因为,当设定的剂量大于留在卡普耳内的剂量时,圆盘30将紧贴着带螺纹元件32。
在该实施例中,盖子是在外面有槽的,球11可以压入该槽内,起销锁的作用。标尺7也有一个外周弹簧12,它保持标尺与未示出的挡块在接界位置上,当注射后,弹簧释放,标尺回到零位,盖子脱开。
为了插入注射针19,装置所有内部部件在外壳17内都是可滑动的,张力弹簧14固定在外壳的前端15,在其后端围绕壳体件8固定在钩状物5上,这在放大的图中表示得更清楚。
为了释放拉紧的弹簧14,装有一个锁状件6,它通过释放机构13可以释放钩状物5,由此,注射针19可以向前移动插入皮肤内,由盖子10预置的药物可以被注射。
用于混合和注射的方法进一行详细说明如下:
卡普耳1插入外壳17内,进而活塞杆9向后移动,因为臂4借助压缩弹簧33脱开,当卡普耳在底部时,止推环3作用于其上,而臂朝活塞杆压缩,如图中所示。
然后注射针支持器16拧入卡普耳前部,使得在混合时系统内的空气通过注射针19排出。此时装上注射针并固定。
混合是通过向下顶着活塞杆旋转盖子10来实现的,如附图所示,并沿垂直位置握住注射器,而且把盖子对着支承面,如桌面,放置,慢慢地向里压盖,直到它与外壳齐平,混合也就完成了,活塞23、24处于如图所示通道的平行位置上。
参照图2,现在来说明如何注射。
向里推压保护注射针19的盖子18,然后,压缩弹簧14,钩状物5与锁紧装置6啮合。同时,盖子10与标尺7啮合,相对于活塞杆9转动盖子,就可以进行预置,在转动时,球形锁紧装置11锁入盖子10上的槽内,因此,弹簧12不能将盖子反转,“卡塔”声的数目表示设置的剂量。
由于设置,盖子向外转动,并与由耦合装置3、4和28、29啮合的活塞脱开。
此后,取下盖子18,间隔件2放置在皮肤上,然后可以操作释放旋钮13。
钩状物5将被释放,弹簧14将拉住器械和钩状物与它一起降到挡块27的位置,这时注射针可以注射,而盖子10与标尺7脱开,弹簧12使之置于零位。
注射是通过朝着壳体件8压缩盖子10进行的,此后,装置和与之一起的注射针19可以从皮肤里取出,盖子可以再次放上,随后可以再次压缩弹簧,设置并注射。
当卡普耳1是空的,通常的预置是通过转动盖子10进行的,锁紧装置16通过外旋而取下,随后,向前压盖子10,从而在活塞杆9上的挡块(未示出)和/或压缩弹簧33将推动环3向前,由此,臂4脱开连接,卡普耳可被取下。此后可以装入新的卡普耳,再进行如前所述的混合。
由图1所示装置实现的方法在原理上和图2所示的相同,但盖子分成两个,在混合前,旋钮顶着活塞杆9旋转。
按照本发明的方法和装置,可以获得最细致的混合,剂量是极为精确的,从而保证了最佳疗效。特别是对于敏感的和昂贵的激素的制备,这种方法和装置对治疗结果具有决定性意义。

Claims (7)

1、一种用于在卡普耳已经装入注射器之后,混合两隔室卡普耳内的液体和药物,从而按剂量注射所混合的制品的方法,该卡普耳包括一个装有药物的前腔室,其前端由密封卡普耳的膜限定,后端由第一个可移动的活塞密封,和一个装有液体的后腔室,其前端由第一个可移动活塞限定,后端由在卡普耳后端的第二个可移动活塞限定,和一个在两个腔室之间的通道,该通道可由第一和第二活塞,以及它们之间的液体朝着卡普耳前端方向的共同位移而打开,随后,第二活塞进一步移动压迫液体经过通道与药物混合,其特征在于:卡普耳从管状外壳的前端插入,因此,装在外壳内并可沿其纵向移动的活塞杆通过邻近的第二活塞从外壳的末端压出,随后,装上带有注射针的螺旋止动器,以便在外壳中固定卡普耳并刺透膜片,随后,活塞杆被推入外壳内,以便向着卡普耳前端的方向向前压后活塞,直到液体经过通道压入前腔室。
2、按照权利要求1所述的一种用于混合液体和药物,并接着注射混合物的装置,其特征在于:它包括一个可以在前端插入一个前端用膜封闭,后端用活塞封闭的两隔室卡普耳的外壳,一个可沿纵向移动并且当卡普耳插入时可通过外壳后端被压出的活塞杆,它可以向前移动以控制卡普耳的后活塞混合药物和液体,并注射混合物,当卡普耳已经通过装在外壳前端而固定在外壳内时,带有注射针的螺旋止动器用于刺透卡普耳的膜片。
3、按照权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于:所说的活塞杆具有一个当卡普耳插入外壳内时被驱动的抽取掣子。
4、按照权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于:注射时,活塞杆向前的位移借助于一个旋在活塞杆后部的压缩部件预先设置,因此,外壳内压缩部件和止动器之间的距离可通过转动设置,并由此确定活塞杆的运动,并进而确定注射的剂量。
5、按照权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于:为设置而产生的压缩部件的转动量可以在标尺上读出,所说的标尺随压缩部件一起运动,且在注射后置于零位。
6、按照权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于:在压缩部件转动的过程中,活塞杆由一耦合装置连接。
7、按照权利要求3、4和6所述装置,其特征在于:所说的抽取掣子和所说的耦合装置具有带齿臂的支持器,该齿与活塞杆上朝向后面的齿相啮合,从而活塞杆一方面当臂顶住活塞杆推压时防止了向后的位移,而另一方面,当支持器与活塞杆上的纵向槽啮合时,防止了转动。
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CN100358593C (zh) * 2002-08-29 2008-01-02 诺沃挪第克公司 前装式注射装置
CN101687089B (zh) * 2007-05-07 2012-09-19 雷盛药物有限公司 具有一个细长的活塞腔的注射装置
CN101918074B (zh) * 2007-09-18 2013-02-27 麦迪麦珀医疗工程有限公司 药物混合及注射装置和药物混合方法
CN101581729B (zh) * 2009-06-05 2012-06-27 何峰 液体样本处理装置
CN107469198A (zh) * 2013-03-26 2017-12-15 和谐医疗有限公司 改进的混合注射器组件
CN110352078A (zh) * 2016-11-01 2019-10-18 科利登医疗系统公司 用于安全注射器的系统和方法
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CN107089441A (zh) * 2017-06-13 2017-08-25 江苏奥康尼医疗科技发展有限公司 一种软骨修复器械
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BR9105948A (pt) 1992-10-27
WO1991010460A9 (en) 2007-10-04

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