CN105092535B - Distributed surface plasma resonance optical fiber sensor - Google Patents
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- CN105092535B CN105092535B CN201510400263.6A CN201510400263A CN105092535B CN 105092535 B CN105092535 B CN 105092535B CN 201510400263 A CN201510400263 A CN 201510400263A CN 105092535 B CN105092535 B CN 105092535B
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Abstract
The present invention is to provide a kind of distributed surface plasma resonance optical fiber sensor.The V-groove being distributed in pairs is machined with one section of twin-core fiber, the depth of V-groove exceedes is coated with sensing layer on two V-groove mutual dislocations arrangement in fibre core, each pair V-groove, the inclined-plane of V-groove；In each pair V-groove, excite SPR at the first V-groove inclined-plane from the incident wide spectrum optical of the first fibre core and be totally reflected, reflex to and also excite SPR at the second V-groove inclined-plane and reflex to the second fibre core；Distributed sensing is realized in transmission to light successively in each pair of V-groove.Sensor of the invention can be good at being connected with all optical fiber system progress low-loss, simple in construction to wait outstanding advantages with small volume.The distributed SPR fibre optical sensors of the present invention make multigroup sensing unit in optical fiber side, and multiple sensing units are connected using the special construction of optical fiber, real-time multichannel distributed measurement is realized.
Description
Technical field
It is mainly used in external environment refractive index, air the present invention relates to a kind of fibre optical sensor, particularly one kind dense
The distributed SPR fibre optical sensors of the sensing measurements such as degree.
Background technology
Surface plasma body resonant vibration (Surface Plasmon Resonance, SPR) effect is that a kind of environment to external world becomes
Change the very sensitive physical optics phenomenon for betiding metal and dielectric interface.Light wave is in metal and dielectric interface
Experiences total internal reflection, produces evanescent wave, evanescent wave is in wave vector of the incident light along interface direction and the ripple of surface plasma wave
When swearing equal, cause surface plasma body resonant vibration, cause light wave to produce energy loss in transmitting procedure, i.e., occur in spectrum
Obvious resonance trough.The change of external environment refractive index or gas concentration can cause the skew of resonance wave trough position, so
The sensing of ambient refractive index to external world or gas concentration can be realized by carrying out monitoring in real time to resonance trough.
SPR sensorgram technology has the advantages that sensitivity is high, is easily achieved, need not mark, and has been widely used in many
Plant in detection field.The spr sensor realized earliest is lens type spr sensor, but because it has cost height, system multiple
Miscellaneous, volume is big, the application of this sensor is limited the shortcomings of be inconvenient to carry.The R.C.Jorgenson in the U.S. in 1993 is won
Scholar proposes optical fiber SPR sensor (Ralph Corleissen Jorgenson.Fiber-optic chemical sensor
based on surface plasmon resonance.Sensors and Actuator[J]s,B:Chemical,v B12,
N 3, Apr 151993, p 213-220), the new page of optical fiber SPR sensor has been started since then.Because optical fiber SPR sensor has
Have the advantages that small volume, it is easy of integration, do not disturbed by mechanical oscillation and light source fluctuation, spr sensor research is had become at present
Main flow direction.
Cao Zhen in 2003 is new et al. successfully to develop genesis analysis formula SPR fibre optical sensors, and has applied for entitled " longitudinal direction point
(number of patent application is the patent of invention of cloth surface plasma wave sensor "：03113077.1), this genesis analysis formula
SPR fibre optical sensors producing principle is identical with the single channel spr sensor of traditional form, due to the sensitive zones of its optical fiber side
Form is fixed, and sensor is only capable of adjusting resonant wavelength by changing thickness, and its corresponding detecting light spectrum is multiple incident angles
The superposition told on, causes measurement signal half-band width and intensity all not ideal enough；Peng Wei in 2005 et al. uses core diameter
Multichannel SPR fibre optical sensors are have developed for 600 μm of multimode fibres, and have applied for entitled " angle tuning formula multichannel light
(number of patent application is the patent of invention of fine surface plasma resonance sensing probe "：201110089650.4), this SPR light
Fiber sensor is integrated with multiple sensing passages in an optical fiber end, but it can only carry out the real-time detection of single channel, for
Multiple parameters need timesharing to detect.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple in construction, sensitivity height, point that multichannel is measured in real time can be realized
Cloth surface plasma resonance optical fiber sensor.
It is so to realize that the purpose of the present invention, which is,：
The V-groove being distributed in pairs is machined with one section of twin-core fiber, the depth of V-groove exceedes in fibre core, each pair V-groove
Two V-groove mutual dislocations arrangement, be coated with sensing layer on the inclined-plane of V-groove；It is incident from the first fibre core in each pair V-groove
Wide spectrum optical excite SPR at the first V-groove inclined-plane and be totally reflected, reflex at the second V-groove inclined-plane and also excite SPR simultaneously
Reflex to the second fibre core；Distributed sensing is realized in transmission to light successively in each pair of V-groove.
The present invention can also include：
1st, the magnitude of misalignment L of two V-grooves in each pair V-groove meets L=d*cot Φ, and wherein d is two fibre core spacing, Φ
For the corner angle of V-groove.
2nd, the thickness of described sensing layer is 35-65 nanometers, material gold, silver, aluminium or the copper of sensing layer.
The invention provides a kind of simple in construction, sensitivity height, the distributed SPR light that multichannel is measured in real time can be realized
Fiber sensor.One section of side of twin-core fiber 1 is machined with multigroup V-groove to 2, and V-groove on 2 inclined-plane to being coated with sensing layer 3, from
The incident wide spectrum optical of one fibre core 4 excites SPR at the first V-groove inclined-plane 5 and is totally reflected, due to the two relative V that misplace
Type groove angle is identical, therefore light can be reflexed at the second V-groove inclined-plane 6, can also excite SPR and reflex to the second fibre core 7, successively
Analogize and realize distributed sensing.Two fibre core spacing of twin-core fiber 1 are d.Every group of V-groove is to have equal angular by two to 2
Φ, magnitude of misalignment L constitute for d*cot Φ V-groove, and the depth of V-groove exceedes fibre core.V-groove can have identical angle to 2
Degree, it is possible to have different angles, but excitation SPR angle conditions should be met.Sensing layer) on different V-grooves are to 2
There can be same thickness, it is possible to have different-thickness, but the V-groove with equal angular should be coated with different-thickness to 2
Sensing layer 3.Sensing layer 3 can be thickness be 35-65 nanometers gold, silver, aluminium or copper or other can encourage SPR
Material.
Its operation principle is：
As shown in figure 3, SPR sensorgram principle be incident field using metal/optical medium as incentive structure, in medium and metal
Membrane interface is totally reflected, and produces evanescent wave, the wave vector K of evanescent waveEWWith the wave vector K of metal surface plasma bulk wavespzMatch
When, two kinds of mode of electromagnetic waves can be coupled strongly, cause the energy of a part of incident light to be absorbed by surface plasma wave, be caused anti-
Penetrating the intensity of light substantially reduces.Spr sensor is based on detection of this phenomenon realization to outside environment parameter.
SPR wave vector matching formulas are:
In formula, ω is optical frequency, and c is the light velocity, and θ is incidence angle, ε0、ε1、ε2, be respectively waveguide medium, metal film, Jie to be measured
The dielectric constant of matter, Δ k is wave vector amount of mismatch caused by material.
In optical fiber SPR sensor, optical fiber is combined with metal film as optical medium and forms the perturbed surfaces of SPR effects,
In distributed SPR fibre optical sensors, the V-shaped groove inclined-plane for being coated with sensing layer is exactly the perturbed surface of SPR effects.Wide spectrum optical is radiated at
On the inclined-plane of V-groove, when the incident angle (V-groove bevel angle), the thickness of sensing layer and surrounding medium refractive index of light are suitable
When, light experiences total internal reflection and produces evanscent field on inclined-plane, and causes KEWWith KspzMatch, produce SPR effects, surface
Plasma wave can absorb the energy of portion of incident light, cause the luminous intensity of a certain wavelength and substantially reduce.Light passes through multigroup V-groove
Right, light is alternately propagated in two fibre cores, because different V-grooves is to inclined-plane or the biography of different-thickness with different angles
Feel layer, outgoing spectrum occurs that many places absorb paddy, and when changing extraneous a certain medium refraction index, corresponding spectral absorption paddy has bright
Aobvious movement, can determine whether multigroup V-groove on the change of medium refraction index, same sensor to can according to the change of spectrum
Realize the real-time monitoring of multichannel, i.e. distributed sensing.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention is：
1st, The present invention gives a kind of novel distributed SPR fibre optical sensors based on twin-core fiber, the sensor energy
It is enough to be connected well with all optical fiber system progress low-loss, it is simple in construction to wait outstanding advantages with small volume.
2nd, distribution SPR fibre optical sensors make multigroup sensing unit in optical fiber side, will be many using the special construction of optical fiber
Individual sensing unit series connection, realizes real-time multichannel distributed measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is distribution SPR fibre optical sensor three dimensional structure diagrams.
Fig. 2 is distribution SPR fibre optical sensor light path schematic diagrams.
Fig. 3 is KretschnLann three layer medium waveguide illustratons of model.
Embodiment
Illustrate below and the present invention is described in more detail.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of distributed SPR fibre optical sensors include one section of twin-core fiber 1, the covering of twin-core fiber 1 is straight
Footpath is 125 microns, has two symmetrical fibre cores in covering, and two core diameters are between 6-10 microns, the center of fibre core
It it is 30-100 microns away from d.The side of twin-core fiber 1 has two or more V-grooves to 2, the V-type of every group of V-groove centering
The angle of the v-groove is Φ, and magnitude of misalignment L is d*cot Φ, the bevel angle of V-groove should be able to meet actual demand and meet light it is complete in it is anti-
The sensing layer 3 of 35-65 nanometer thickness should be coated with by penetrating on condition, the inclined-plane of V-groove；The depth of V-groove should correspond to fibre core 1-10 excessively
Micron.SPR fibre optical sensors in the present invention can also be from other symmetrical multi-core fibers of fiber core, its symmetrical point
Two fibre cores of cloth should meet the basic distribution occasion of the above-mentioned fibre core of twin-core fiber 1.
The specific preparation method of distributed SPR fibre optical sensors of the present invention is：Make distributed using femto-second laser
SPR fibre optical sensors.Step is as follows：
1st, optical fiber is pre-processed：One section of a diameter of 125 microns of twin-core fiber 1 is taken, using Miller pincers in a certain position of optical fiber
Put 25 millimeters of peeling optical fibre coat and cleaned up exposed fibre cladding with alcohol.
2nd, twin-core fiber 1 is placed on the fixed mount of femto-second laser, the exposed part of optical fiber is in laser
Workspace, and ensure two fibre cores place plane of optical fiber perpendicular to horizontal plane.
3rd, using femto-second laser at the side naked fibre of twin-core fiber 1 V-groove of programming first, due to the fibre of twin-core fiber 1
Core spacing is 35 microns, and V-groove angle is 150 °, is computed first group and controls V-groove magnitude of misalignment L in 60 microns, V-type
Groove crosses about 10 microns of fibre core, to make surface plasma body resonant vibration wavelength be 650 rans, therefore micro- away from the first V-groove 40
Rice and closer to the V-shaped groove of position programming second of light incidence end.
4th, according to identical principle repeat step 1,2,3, programming completes other V-grooves to 2.
5th, the V-groove region cleaned using deionized water and ultrasonic cleaners on optical fiber.
6th, make V-groove upwards, optical fiber is fixed on slide, using sputter coating technology plated film 3.5 minutes, make V-type
The golden film of 50 nanometer thickness is coated with the inclined-plane of groove.
7th, repeat step 6, golden film is coated with each V-shaped groove.
8th, the V-groove of twin-core fiber 1 is partially disposed in 2 in U-shaped quartz cell and fixed using epoxy resin, that is, formed and divided
Cloth SPR fibre optical sensors.
The measurement of liquid refractivity is realized using distributed SPR fibre optical sensors.Step is as follows：
1st, the distributed SPR fibre optical sensors for taking a segment mark quasi-monomode fiber and one to complete, are gone using Miller pincers
Exposed fibre cladding is cleaned up except about 30 millimeters of optical fiber two ends coat and with alcohol, using optical fiber cutter in optical fiber
Two ends are cut, and make the two ends end face formation of optical fiber perpendicular to shaft axis of optic fibre and smooth section.
2nd, using optical fiber splicer make single-mode fiber fibre core and twin-core fiber 1 the first fibre core it is just right, using suitable
Welding current welds together two optical fiber.
3rd, the pad of two optical fiber is placed in thermoplastic tube sealing, thermoplastic tube sealing heated, it is ensured that solder joint can be obtained
Good protection.
4th, using the super continuum source that spectral region is 400~1200 nanometers, the light of light source output is injected into single mode
In optical fiber.
5th, OSA spectrometers are accessed into unwelded one end of twin-core fiber 1, and adjusts the detection wave-length coverage of spectrometer and be
400~1200 nanometers.
6th, the transducing part (V-groove is to (2)) of sensor is put into the testing liquid that refractive index is about 1.333 (distilled water)
In.
7th, light source is connected, due to the generation of SPR phenomenons, some ripples occur in the transmitted spectrum of observation sensor in spectrum
The obvious decrease of long luminous intensity.
8th, the refractive index of testing liquid is changed using the method that glycerine is added dropwise into water, by the knots modification of observation spectrum,
The refractive index variable quantity of testing liquid can just be extrapolated.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of distributed surface plasma resonance optical fiber sensor, it is characterized in that：It is machined with one section of twin-core fiber
To the V-groove of distribution, the depth of V-groove exceedes two V-groove mutual dislocations arrangement in fibre core, each pair V-groove, V-groove
Sensing layer is coated with inclined-plane；In each pair V-groove, SPR is excited at the first V-groove inclined-plane from the incident wide spectrum optical of the first fibre core
And be totally reflected, reflex to and also excite SPR at the second V-groove inclined-plane and reflex to the second fibre core；Light in each pair of V-groove according to
Distributed sensing is realized in secondary transmission.
2. distributed surface plasma resonance optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Each pair V-groove
In the magnitude of misalignment L of two V-grooves meet L=d*cot Φ, the corner angle that wherein d is two fibre core spacing, Φ is V-groove.
3. distributed surface plasma resonance optical fiber sensor according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that：Described
The thickness of sensing layer is 35-65 nanometers, and the material of sensing layer is gold, silver, aluminium or copper.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105954235B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-12-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of hole helps twin-core fiber interference-type index sensor |
| CN105954231B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-10-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of hole based on Mode Coupling mechanism helps twin-core fiber sensor |
| CN106066313A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-11-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Distributed surface plasma resonance optical fiber sensor and the method for measuring refractive indexes of liquid |
| CN105866070A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-08-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Distributed liquid refractive index sensing device based on optical fiber surface plasma resonance |
| CN106525775A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-22 | 重庆三峡学院 | Multichannel SPR sensor for single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber cascade application |
| CN106289340B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-10-15 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of multichannel optical fiber sensor based on TFBG-SPR |
| CN108414453B (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-09-11 | 大连理工大学 | Multi-channel optical fiber SPR system integrating time division multiplexing and wavelength division multiplexing technologies |
| CN110132893B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-12-28 | 江苏科信光电科技有限公司 | Gas detector based on optical fiber structure |
| CN112461795A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-09 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Plastic optical fiber SPR array sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN112432929A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-02 | 桂林电子科技大学 | V-groove structure plastic optical fiber SPR sensor and preparation method thereof |
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