CN105084358A - Nitrogen and sulfur-co-doped active carbon for supercapacitor and preparation method for nitrogen and sulfur-co-doped active carbon for supercapacitor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon used for supercapacitors and a preparation method thereof; the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon is mainly prepared from the following compositions according to the ratio of parts by weight, through carbonization and activation processes Take; the composition is: 1-2 parts of powdered fruit of the sycamore family plant after carbonization; 1-4 parts of alkaline activator; the preparation method includes the following steps, (1) carbonization: ① Soaking: ② Hydrothermal treatment: ③ Centrifugal filtration; ④ Drying; ⑤ Grinding; (2) Activation: ① Use staged heating and heat preservation: ② Slow cooling; ③ Soaking in hydrochloric acid solution: ④ Washing; ⑤ Drying; it becomes nitrogen after drying Sulfur co-doped activated carbon; its advantages are: ① simple preparation process; ② the prepared activated carbon has a wide range of pore distribution and high specific surface area; ③, it has the advantages of high capacity, good cycle performance and high charge and discharge efficiency.

Description

A kind of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon for supercapacitor and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon materials, and in particular relates to a composition of activated carbon materials and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon used for supercapacitors and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage device, which has excellent characteristics such as high power density, short charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics, energy saving and environmental protection. It is preferred and widely used by the electronics industry. At present, the electrode materials of supercapacitors are mainly made of carbon materials and transition metal oxides, among which carbon materials are still the most commonly used electrode materials in commercial supercapacitors. Traditional carbon materials have been unable to meet the requirements of supercapacitor development due to their low specific capacity. In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of supercapacitors, in recent years, the industry has continuously developed some new carbon materials, including ordered mesoporous carbons, ordered microporous carbons, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc., have been synthesized and applied to new supercapacitors. in the capacitor. However, the production process of these new carbon materials is complicated and the production cost is high. In order to reduce the preparation cost, it will be an effective way to prepare high-performance carbon electrode materials using renewable biomass as raw materials, and at the same time realize the high value-added utilization of biomass. In addition, since many biomasses contain elements such as nitrogen and sulfur, by selecting appropriate biomass as raw materials and introducing elements such as nitrogen and sulfur into carbon materials, on the one hand, the conductivity of carbon materials can be improved, and on the other hand, doping These elements can also introduce additional pseudocapacitance, further improving the capacitive performance of carbon materials.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon for supercapacitors and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the present situation of the above-mentioned prior art. Technically, it mainly solves two problems: one is to select the composition components of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon; the other is to use the composition to prepare nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon.

One of technical solution of the present invention is:

A nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon is mainly prepared by carbonization and activation processes of the following composition according to the ratio of parts by weight; the composition is:

1-2 parts of the powdered material of the fruit of Dafa sycamore plant after carbonization;

1-4 parts of alkaline activator;

As a further optimization of the above technical solution:

The fruit of the sycamore family plant of Dafa is one or more kinds of Panda Hai, sycamore fruit and tung tree fruit.

Two of technical solution of the present invention is:

A preparation method for preparing nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon by using the above composition, comprising the following process steps:

1) Carbonization: ① Soaking: Take the fruit of the sycamore plant and put it in a container for soaking to make it soak into a spongy floc; ② Hydrothermal treatment: After removing impurities and pitting, put the spongy floc into the reaction kettle Carry out airtight hydrothermal treatment in the medium for 5-12h at a temperature of 180~220°C; ③Centrifugal water filtration; ④Drying; ⑤Grinding: to obtain powder;

2) Activation: Take 1-2 parts of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 1-4 parts of the alkaline activator, mix them evenly, and put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process is: ① Use stage Heating and heat preservation: from room temperature to 200°C, keep warm for 30-60 minutes; after rising to 450°C, keep warm for 30-60 minutes; heat up to 650°C and keep warm for 30-120 minutes; heat up to 750-1000°C and keep warm for 60-120 minutes ; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it drops to room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 0.5~2mol/L for a certain period of time; ④Wash with water: Take it out of the container The soaking material is washed with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ drying; after drying, it becomes nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon.

As an improvement or optimization of the above technical solution: the alkaline activator refers to one or more mixtures of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The nitrogen atom content of the activated carbon material prepared by the present invention is about 0.5~2%, the sulfur atom content is about 0.2~1%, and the specific surface area is greater than 1000m ² /g.

2. After the activated carbon material prepared by the present invention is mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF) at a mass ratio of 95 to 5, the slurry is adjusted with N-methylpyrrolidone and evenly coated on the surface of nickel foam, and dried at 80°C for 12 hours Finally, it was used as the working electrode, the platinum sheet was used as the counter electrode, the mercury/mercuric oxide was used as the reference electrode, the electrolyte was 6M potassium hydroxide solution, a three-electrode system was adopted, the test voltage range was -1~0V, and the test instrument was Shanghai Chen Hua CHI760E electrochemical workstation. When used as a supercapacitor electrode material, the discharge specific capacity is greater than 200F/g under constant current at 1A/g, and the capacity has no obvious attenuation after 10,000 times of constant current charge and discharge at 20A/g.

3. Raw materials are cheap and easy to get.

4. The present invention also has: ① simple preparation process; ② the prepared activated carbon has a wide pore distribution range and high specific surface area; ③ has the advantages of high capacity, good cycle performance and high charge and discharge efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: The X-ray photoelectron spectrum diagram of a kind of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped active carbon used for supercapacitor of the present invention;

Figure 2: A nitrogen isothermal adsorption/desorption curve and pore size distribution curve of a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon used in a supercapacitor according to the present invention;

Fig. 3: a kind of cyclic voltammetry graph of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon used for supercapacitor of the present invention;

Fig. 4: The galvanostatic charge-discharge curve diagram of a kind of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon for supercapacitor of the present invention;

Figure 5: A constant current discharge cycle diagram of a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon used in a supercapacitor according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment:

A nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon is mainly prepared by carbonization and activation processes of the following composition according to the ratio of parts by weight; the composition is:

1-2 parts of the powdered material of the fruit of Dafa sycamore plant after carbonization;

1-4 parts of alkaline activator;

The fruit of the sycamore family plant of Dafa is one or more kinds of Panda Hai, sycamore fruit and tung tree fruit.

A preparation method for preparing nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon by using the above composition, comprising the following process steps:

1) Carbonization: ① Take the fruit of the sycamore plant and soak it in a container to make it soak into a spongy floc; ② Hydrothermal treatment: After removing impurities and cores, put the spongy floc into the reactor and seal it Hydrothermal treatment for 5-12 hours, the temperature is 180~220°C; ③Centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing matter after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④Drying: put the filtered granular matter into an oven Drying; ⑤ Grinding: Grinding the dried granules to obtain powder;

2) Activation: Take 1-2 parts of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 1-4 parts of the alkaline activator, mix them evenly, and put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process is: ① Use stage Heating and heat preservation: from room temperature to 200°C, keep warm for 30-60 minutes; after rising to 450°C, keep warm for 30-60 minutes; heat up to 650°C and keep warm for 30-120 minutes; heat up to 750-1000°C and keep warm for 60-120 minutes ; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it reaches room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it in 0.5~2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash: Take it out of the container The soaked material is washed with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ drying; that is, the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material is obtained. The alkaline activator refers to one or more of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate.

Example 1

A preparation method for preparing nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon by using the above composition, comprising the following process steps:

1) Carbonization: ①Take the dried and mature Panghai fruit, soak it in a container to make it soak into a spongy floc; ②Hydrothermal treatment: After removing impurities and pitting, put the spongy floc into the reaction kettle and seal it Hydrothermal treatment for 12 hours at a temperature of 180°C; ③centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing matter after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④drying: put the filtered granular matter into an oven at 80°C for drying , the time is 12h; ⑤ Grinding: Grinding the dried granules to obtain powder;

2) Activation: According to the ratio of parts by weight, take 1 part of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 1 part of the alkaline activator, after mixing evenly, put it into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process is as follows: ① Use Stage heating and holding: at a heating rate of 5°C/min, heat from room temperature to 200°C for 60 minutes; heat to 450°C for 360 minutes; heat to 650°C for 120 minutes; heat to 800°C for 120 minutes Minutes; ②Slowly cool down until it drops to room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: Take out the activated material from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it with 1mol/LL hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash: Take out the activated substance from the container and soak The soaked material was washed with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤then dried in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material.

The activated carbon obtained in this example has a discharge specific capacity of 215 F/g at a constant current of 1 A/g.

Example 2

1) Carbonization: ① Take the dried and mature sycamore fruit and soak it in a container to make it soak into a spongy floc; Heat treatment for 12 hours at a temperature of 180°C; ③centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing matter after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④drying: put the filtered granular matter into an oven at 80°C for drying, The time is 12 hours; ⑤ Grinding: Grinding the dried granules to obtain powder;

2) Activation: According to the ratio of parts by weight, take 1 part of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 2 parts of potassium carbonate, mix them evenly, and put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process is as follows: ① Use stage Heating and holding: at a heating rate of 2°C/min, heat from room temperature to 200°C for 60 minutes; heat to 450°C and hold for 60 minutes; heat to 650°C and hold for 120 minutes; heat to 800°C and hold for 120 minutes; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it drops to room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash with water: Take out the soaked substance from the container, Wash the soaked material with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ dry in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours to prepare nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material.

The activated carbon obtained in this example has a discharge specific capacity of 245 F/g at a constant current of 1 A/g.

Example 3

1) Carbonization: ① Take the dried and mature tung tree fruit and soak it in a container to make it soak into a spongy floc; ② Hydrothermal treatment: After removing impurities and cores, put the spongy floc into the reaction kettle and seal it Hydrothermal treatment for 12 hours at a temperature of 180°C; ③centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing matter after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④drying: put the filtered granular matter into an oven at 80°C for drying , the time is 12h; ⑤ Grinding: Grinding the dried granules to obtain powder;

2) Activation: According to the ratio of parts by weight, take 1 part of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 1 part of potassium carbonate and 1 part of potassium hydroxide. After mixing evenly, put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process It is as follows: ① Use staged heating and heat preservation: at a heating rate of 3°C/min, heat from room temperature to 200°C and then hold for 60 minutes; rise to 450°C and then hold for 60 minutes; heat up to 650°C and hold for 120 minutes; Keep warm at 800°C for 120 minutes; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it reaches room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it in 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash with water: from Take out the soaked material from the container, wash the soaked material with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ dry it in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then prepare the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material.

The activated carbon obtained in this example has a discharge specific capacity of 225 F/g at a constant current of 1 A/g.

Example 4

1) Carbonization: ①Take the dried and mature Panghai fruit, soak it in a container to make it soak into a spongy floc; ②Hydrothermal treatment: After removing impurities and pitting, put the spongy floc into the reaction kettle and seal it Hydrothermal treatment for 12 hours at a temperature of 180°C; ③centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing matter after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④drying: put the filtered granular matter into an oven at 80°C for drying , the time is 12h; ⑤ Grinding: Grinding the dried granules to obtain powder;

2) Activation: According to the ratio of parts by weight, take 1.8 parts of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 1.5 parts of sodium hydroxide and 1.5 parts of potassium carbonate. After mixing evenly, put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process It is as follows: ① Use staged heating and heat preservation: at a heating rate of 3°C/min, heat from room temperature to 200°C and then hold for 60 minutes; rise to 450°C and then hold for 60 minutes; heat up to 650°C and hold for 120 minutes; Keep warm at 900°C for 120 minutes; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it reaches room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it in 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash: from Take out the soaked material from the container, wash the soaked material with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ dry it in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then prepare the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material.

In this example, a nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material was prepared. The specific discharge capacity of the activated carbon under constant current at 1A/g is

205F/g.

Example 5

1) Carbonization: ①According to the weight ratio, take 60% of the dried and mature Panda Hai fruit and 40% of the phoenix fruit and soak them in a container to make them soak into spongy flocs; ②Hydrothermal treatment: After removing impurities and pitting, Put the spongy floc into the reactor for airtight hydrothermal treatment at 180°C for 12 hours; ③ Centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing material after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④Drying: filter the water Put the final granules into an oven at 80°C for 12 hours; ⑤ Grinding: Grind the dried granules to obtain powder;

2) Activation: According to the ratio of parts by weight, take 2 parts of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 2 parts of calcium hydroxide and 1.5 parts of potassium carbonate. After mixing evenly, put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process It is as follows: ① Use staged heating and heat preservation: at a heating rate of 5°C/min, heat from room temperature to 200°C and then hold for 60 minutes; rise to 450°C and hold for 60 minutes; heat up to 650°C and hold for 120 minutes; heat to Keep warm at 800°C for 120 minutes; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it reaches room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it in 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash with water: from Take out the soaked material from the container, wash the soaked material with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ dry it in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then prepare the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material.

The activated carbon obtained in this example has a discharge specific capacity of 256 F/g at a constant current of 1 A/g.

Example 6

1) Carbonization: ①According to the weight ratio, take 60% of the dry and mature Panda Hai fruit, 20% of the phoenix fruit and 20% of the tung tree fruit, soak in the container, and make it soak into a spongy floc; ②Hydrothermal treatment : After removing impurities and nuclei, put the spongy floc in the reactor for airtight hydrothermal treatment for 12 hours at a temperature of 180°C; ③centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing matter after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④Drying: Put the filtered granular matter into an oven at 80°C for 12 hours; ⑤Grinding: Grind the dried granular matter to obtain a powder;

2) Activation: According to the ratio of parts by weight, take 1.5 parts of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 1.5 parts of potassium hydroxide and 2 parts of potassium carbonate. After mixing evenly, put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process It is as follows: ① Use staged heating and heat preservation: at a heating rate of 2°C/min, heat from room temperature to 200°C and then hold for 60 minutes; rise to 450°C and then hold for 60 minutes; heat up to 650°C and hold for 120 minutes; Keep warm at 1000°C for 120 minutes; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it reaches room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it in 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash with water: from Take out the soaked material from the container, wash the soaked material with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ dry it in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then prepare the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material.

The activated carbon obtained in this example has a discharge specific capacity of 281F/g under a constant current of 1A/g.

Example 7

1) Carbonization: ①Take the dried and mature Panghai fruit, soak it in a container to make it soak into a spongy floc; ②Hydrothermal treatment: After removing impurities and pitting, put the spongy floc into the reaction kettle and seal it Hydrothermal treatment for 12 hours at a temperature of 180°C; ③centrifugal water filtration; take out the cement-containing matter after hydrothermal treatment from the reactor for centrifugal water filtration; ④drying: put the filtered granular matter into an oven at 80°C for drying , the time is 12h; ⑤ Grinding: Grinding the dried granules to obtain powder;

2) Activation: According to the ratio of parts by weight, take 1 part of the powder obtained in the above 1), and take 1 part of sodium carbonate and 1 part of potassium hydroxide. After mixing evenly, put them into a tube furnace for activation. The activation process It is as follows: ① Use staged heating and heat preservation: at a heating rate of 2°C/min, heat from room temperature to 200°C and then hold for 60 minutes; rise to 450°C and then hold for 60 minutes; heat up to 650°C and hold for 120 minutes; Keep warm at 850°C for 120 minutes; ②Slowly lower the temperature until it reaches room temperature; ③Soak in hydrochloric acid solution: take out the activated substance from the activation furnace, put it in a container, and soak it in 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours; ④Wash with water: from Take out the soaked material from the container, wash the soaked material with deionized water to make the pH value neutral; ⑤ dry it in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours, and then prepare the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material.

The nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon material prepared in this example has a discharge specific capacity of 263 F/g at a constant current of 1 A/g.

The nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon produced by the composition provided by the invention and its preparation method has advantages in actual use, and can also be clearly superior to the prior art carbon materials in terms of performance from the actual test results of the attached drawings of this specification. :

Accompanying drawing 1 is the X-ray photoelectron energy spectrogram of the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped active carbon that is used for supercapacitor, can find out from the position and intensity of the photoelectron peak in this figure, its carbon content is 90.31wt%, oxygen element 8.13 wt%, also contains nitrogen element 0.89wt% and sulfur element 0.67wt%.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the nitrogen isothermal adsorption/desorption curve and the pore size distribution curve of the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon used for supercapacitors, the adsorption/desorption curve in this figure is a typical combination of type I and type IV, indicating that there are micro Pores and mesopores exist at the same time, the specific surface area calculated by the BET model is 1120m ² /g, and three peaks appear in the pore size distribution curve: 1.75nm micropore peak and 3.99nm and 20.1nm two mesoporous peaks; Activated carbon has the characteristics of high specific surface area and wide range of pore distribution.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the cyclic voltammetry curve of the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon for supercapacitor. It can be seen from the cyclic voltammetry curve in this figure that the activated carbon prepared by the present invention has typical electric double layer capacitance properties.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the galvanostatic charge-discharge curve of the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon in the supercapacitor. From the constant current charge and discharge curve in the figure, it can be seen that the charge curve and discharge curve are basically mirror-symmetrical. Calculated from the discharge curve, the discharge capacity is 215F/g at a current density of 1A/g. The activated carbon prepared by the invention has excellent charging and discharging properties.

Accompanying drawing 5 is the galvanostatic discharge cycle diagram of the nitrogen-sulfur co-doped activated carbon used for the supercapacitor. It can be seen from the galvanostatic discharge cycle diagram in this figure that at a current density of 20A/g, the capacity remains 94% after 10,000 cycles, and the battery prepared by the present invention has excellent cycle properties under high current.

Claims (4)

1. a nitrogen sulphur codoped gac, primarily of following composition by its ratio of weight and number proportioning, produces through charing and activating process; Described composition is:

Large Sterculiaceae fruit meal 1-2 part after charing;

Alkali activator 1-4 part.

2. a kind of nitrogen sulphur codoped gac as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, a described large Sterculiaceae fruit is the mixing of one or more of the Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Chinese parasol tree fruit, tung nut.

3. adopt composition described in claim 1 to produce a preparation method for nitrogen sulphur codoped gac, comprise following processing step:

(1) carbonize: 1. soak: get a large Sterculiaceae fruit, insert in container and soak, make it soak into spongy floss; 2. hydrothermal treatment consists: after impurity elimination stoning, inserts spongy floss in reactor and carries out airtight hydrothermal treatment consists 5-12h, and temperature is 180 ~ 220 DEG C; 3. centrifugal drainage; 4. dry; 5. grind: obtain meal;

(2) activate: get above-mentioned 1) in meal 1-2 part of obtaining, and get alkali activator 1-4 part, after mixing, put into tube furnace and activate, reactivation process is: 1. adopt stage intensification and insulation: be incubated 30 ~ 60 minutes after being raised to 200 DEG C from room temperature; 30 ~ 60 minutes are incubated after being raised to 450 DEG C; Be warmed up to 650 DEG C of insulations 30 ~ 120 minutes; Be warmed up to 750-1000 DEG C of insulation 60 ~ 120 minutes; 2. slow cooling, until drop to room temperature; 3. hydrochloric acid soln soaks: from activation furnace, take out the rear material of activation, insert in container, soak certain hour with the hydrochloric acid soln of 0.5 ~ 2mol/L concentration; 4. wash: in container, take out soak, with deionized water, soak is washed, make its pH value for neutral; 5. dry; Namely nitrogen sulphur codoped gac is become after oven dry.

4. the preparation method of nitrogen sulphur codoped gac as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described alkali activator refers to one or more mixing wherein of potassium hydroxide, salt of wormwood, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate.