CN104395091A - 生产安全元件和全息图的方法 - Google Patents
生产安全元件和全息图的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104395091A CN104395091A CN201380028864.8A CN201380028864A CN104395091A CN 104395091 A CN104395091 A CN 104395091A CN 201380028864 A CN201380028864 A CN 201380028864A CN 104395091 A CN104395091 A CN 104395091A
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- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- alkyl
- base material
- curable compositions
- compound
- Prior art date
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
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- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
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- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在透明或半透明基材上形成表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变图样)的方法以及可使用该方法获得的产品。本发明的另一方面为防止伪造或复制有价值文件的用途和形成显示出角度依赖性色变的涂层的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种在基材上,特别是在透明或半透明基材上形成表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变图样)的方法,以及可通过使用所述方法获得的产品。本发明的另一方面是防止伪造或复制有价值文件的用途和一种形成显示出角度依赖性色变的涂层的方法。
过去进行了许多尝试以改善通过在基材上形成光变图像(光变图样OVD)而生产安全元件。
WO2005051675涉及一种在基材上形成全息衍射光栅的方法,其包括如下步骤:a)将可固化化合物施加至基材的至少一部分上;b)使可固化化合物的至少一部分与衍射光栅形成工具接触;c)将可固化化合物固化和d)将金属油墨沉积在固化化合物的至少一部分上。
WO2011/064162公开了涂料组合物在生产安全元件和全息图中的用途,其包含成型的过渡金属,尤其是银颗粒和基料,其中颜料与基料之比优选使得所得涂层显示出角度依赖性色变。当将该发明的涂料组合物用于涂覆全息图中时,所得产品显示出角度依赖性色变(随角异色效应)—在反射和透射下具有不同的颜色。所述制备方法包括两个步骤。首先,通常施加其中压花有OVD图像的透明基料,随后固化。在第二步骤中,在所述OVD图像上施加包含特殊几何形状的纳米成型颗粒的涂料。
现已发现,该方法可通过使用一步法而显著简化且无需牺牲光学性能,如高对比度、强视角依赖性和高生产率,这意味着仅一个压花和一个固化步骤。所述涂料为额外包含特定成型的金属颗粒的可紫外线固化组合物。在该上下文中,术语“涂料”以油墨或清漆的同义词使用。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法的特定特征在于所述固化步骤透过基材的背面进行,因此所述基材必须是透明或半透明的。这是有利的,因为可使用常规旋转金属印刷机来压花,其中将相应的压花工具安装在表面上。
从正面固化的替代方式为所谓的透明垫片,其具有几个缺点。石英不够粗糙并导致过程缓慢。此外,透明垫片(带或套)由于在紫外线下老化(聚合物垫片)而仅可使用几次并且在套准(register)中印刷非常困难。
对在如下的基材,尤其是透明或半透明基材上印刷微结构(表面浮雕结构)的有效系统和方法存在需求:完全将表面浮雕技术引入主流印刷应用如安全文件、软质和硬质包装材料、标签和印刷品中。
本发明允许在基材,尤其是透明或半透明基材上印刷微结构,其中压花或表面浮雕的金属化在一个步骤中使用常规印刷系统如柔版、轮转凹版、胶版、丝网印刷、数字印刷和喷墨印刷进行。
本发明的一个方面为一种在基材上形成表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变图样,OVD)的方法,其包括如下步骤:
A)将可固化组合物施加至所述基材的至少一部分上,其中所述可固化组合物包含:
a1)至少一种烯属不饱和树脂、单体或其混合物;
a2)至少一种光敏引发剂;和
a3)呈边缘长度的最长尺寸为5-1000nm,优选7-600nm,特别是10-500nm并且厚度为1-100nm,优选2-40nm,特别是3-30nm的片状成型过渡金属颗粒形式的金属颜料;
B)使可固化组合物的至少一部分与表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像形成工具接触;
C)通过使用至少一个紫外线灯固化所述组合物。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,提供了一种在透明或半透明基材上形成表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变图样,OVD)的方法,其包括如下步骤:
A)将可固化组合物施加至所述基材正面的至少一部分上,其中所述可固化组合物包含:
a1)至少一种烯属不饱和树脂、单体或其混合物;
a2)至少一种光敏引发剂;和
a3)呈边缘长度的最长尺寸为5-1000nm,优选7-600nm,特别是10-500nm并且厚度为1-100nm,优选2-40nm,特别是3-30nm的片状成型过渡金属颗粒形式的金属颜料;
B)使可固化组合物的至少一部分与表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像形成工具接触;
C)通过使用设置在所述透明或半透明基材背面上的至少一个紫外线灯固化所述组合物。
本发明通常在用于在基材上形成表面浮雕微结构的装置上实施,所述基材在其正面的至少一部分上涂覆有可固化组合物(清漆),所述装置包括印刷机和表面浮雕微结构形成工具,其中微结构形成工具包括:
a)表面浮雕微结构形成工具,尤其是垫片,其支撑待浇铸至可固化组合物中的微结构,和
d)灯,其具有处于UV-A区,优选近VIS区的发射峰,当涂覆基材紧压住垫片时,所述灯用于将可固化组合物固化。
在优选实施方案中,(印刷)装置包括:
a)将基材输送通过所述装置的机构,
b)包括紫外线固化液体组合物源和用于将液体组合物由所述源施加至基材表面的工具的涂覆站,
c)包括用于将(表面浮雕)微结构印刷至基材上所施加组合物表面中的工具和用于将其中印刷有(表面浮雕)微结构的树脂固化以使得这些微结构保留在固化树脂中的工具的压花/固化站,其中设置所述装置使得组合物施加至基材的上表面;用于印刷(表面浮雕)微结构的工具包括安装在具有(表面浮雕)微结构的不透明滚筒或金属滚筒上的镍板和与基材背面接触且具有沿着与滚筒旋转轴相同轴旋转的轴的两个压料辊,和用于将树脂固化的工具为位于基材背面的紫外线源。
在一个实施方案中,所述装置可为离线或独立应用的单元,或者在另一优选实施方案中,其可为具有其它进一步的常规印刷、层压、切割、纵切和其它转换站作为整合制造工艺一部分的在线或整合系统。在一个实施方案中,所述装置和方法可构造和用于提供基于卷材的纸基材的局部全息印刷。这可通过在基于卷材的基材上局部印刷辐射固化漆例如作为图形元素并且仅在其中已印刷辐射固化漆的区域复制表面浮雕微结构。
在另一实施方案中,所述装置可进一步包括带有或不带有加热单元,或仅IR加热单元,或组合的UV/IR(其可尤其推荐)的紫外线后固化单元以支持和加速清漆体系的固化。当离开印刷/固化单元但被成功地印刷的涂覆基材未完全固化时,可使用该后固化单元。后固化单元确保涂层完全固化。
根据本发明,固化优选透过基材但不透过垫片而进行(位于中空石英滚筒钻孔内的紫外线源等)。
表面浮雕微结构形成工具优选为垫片,其选自镍套;镍板;经刻蚀的或经激光成像的金属鼓或其它材料,其安装在不透明滚筒或金属滚筒上,其在表面上含有OVD图像。表面浮雕微结构形成工具可包括冷却用工具。
紫外线预固化单元可位于紫外线漆涂覆单元之后和压花/固化单元之前。预固化单元照射涂覆在卷材基材上的辐射固化组合物,使得其在进入压花/固化站之前至少部分地固化。
表面浮雕微结构如全息图可通过使用本发明方法和上述装置而快速且精确地复制于基材上。图1显示了上文所述的合适构造的示意图。
用于固化所述组合物的灯优选为掺杂镓或铁的中压汞灯。
光敏引发剂通常选自二苯甲酮类、α-羟基酮类化合物、α-烷氧基酮类化合物、α-氨基酮类化合物、单和双酰基氧化膦化合物、苯甲酰甲酸酯化合物、肟酯化合物和盐化合物(锍盐化合物和碘盐化合物)及其混合物。
例如,所述光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦化合物、α-氨基酮类化合物、肟酯化合物或其混合物。
在优选实施方案中,所述光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦化合物及其混合物。
或者,所述可固化组合物包含单或双酰基氧化膦化合物与二苯甲酮类化合物、α-羟基酮类化合物、α-烷氧基酮类化合物或α-氨基酮类化合物的混合物。
当前最优选的光敏引发剂为单和双酰基氧化膦化合物。单和双酰基氧化膦化合物可单独使用。或者,可使用单和双酰基氧化膦化合物的混合物,或者单和双酰基氧化膦化合物可与如下的其它光敏引发剂混合使用:如二苯甲酮类、α-氨基酮类、α-羟基酮类、缩酮化合物、苯甲酰甲酸酯化合物、肟酯化合物或盐化合物,特别是二苯甲酮化合物、α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物,非常特别是二苯甲酮化合物、α-羟基酮或α-烷氧基酮化合物。α-氨基酮化合物可单独地或与其它光敏引发剂混合地使用,如果泛黄不成问题的话。
光敏引发剂的实例是本领域熟练技术人员已知的且例如由KurtDietliker出版于“A compilation of photoinitiators commercially availablefor UV today”,Sita Technology Textbook,Edinburgh,London,2002中。
合适酰基氧化膦化合物的实例具有式XII:
其中
R50为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或被NR53R54取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;
或者R50为未取代的C1-C20烷基或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基、NR53R54或被-(CO)-O-C1-C24烷基取代的C1-C20烷基;
R51为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或被NR53R54取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或R51为-(CO)R’52;或R51为未取代或被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或被NR53R54取代的C1-C12烷基;
R52和R’52相互独立地为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或R52为包含S原子或N原子的5或6元杂环;
R53和R54相互独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH或SH取代的C1-C12烷基,其中烷基链任选地被1-4个氧原子间隔;或R53和R54相互独立地为C2-C12链烯基、环戊基、环己基、苄基或苯基;
具体实例为双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基-氧化膦(2,4,6三甲基苯甲酰基苯基)次膦酸乙酯;(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-2,4-二戊氧基苯基氧化膦;双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦。
进一步感兴趣的是式XII化合物与式XI化合物的混合物以及不同的式XII化合物的混合物。
实例为双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦与1-羟基环己基-苯基-酮的混合物、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦与2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的混合物、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦与(2,4,6三甲基苯甲酰基苯基)次膦酸乙酯的混合物等。
合适二苯甲酮类化合物的实例为式X化合物:
其中
R65、R66和R67相互独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、Cl或N(C1-C4烷基)2;
R68为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、苯基、N(C1-C4烷基)2、COOCH3、或
Q为具有2-6个羟基的多羟基化合物的残基;
x为大于1但不大于Q中可获得羟基数的数;
A为-[O(CH2)bCO]y-or-[O(CH2)bCO](y-1)-[O(CHR71CHR70)a]y-;
R69为氢、甲基或乙基;并且如果N大于1,则基团R69可相互相同或不同;
a为1-2的数;
b为4-5的数;
y为1-10的数;
n为;和
m为2-10的数。
具体实例为BP(=二苯甲酮)、可得自Lamberti的Esacure(2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮和4-甲基二苯甲酮的混合物)、4-苯基二苯甲酮、4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二甲基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二氯二苯甲酮、4,4’-二甲基氨基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二乙基氨基二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4-(4-甲硫基苯基)二苯甲酮、3,3’-二甲基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯、4-(2-羟基乙硫基)二苯甲酮、4-(4-甲苯基硫)二苯甲酮、4-苯甲酰基-N,N,N-三甲基苯甲铵氯化物、2-羟基-3-(4-苯甲酰基苯氧基)-N,N,N-三甲基-1-丙铵氯化物一水合物、4-(13-丙烯酰基-1,4,7,10,13-五氧杂十三烷基)二苯甲酮、4-苯甲酰基-N,N-二甲基-N-[2-(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]乙基苯甲铵氯化物;[4-(2-羟基-乙基硫代)-苯基]-(4-异丙基苯基)-甲酮;联苯基-[4-(2-羟基-乙基硫代)-苯基]-甲酮;联苯基-4-基-苯基-甲酮;联苯基-4-基-对甲苯基-甲酮;联苯基-4-基-邻甲苯基-甲酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙基硫代)-苯基]-对甲苯基-甲酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙基硫代)-苯基]-(4-异丙基-苯基)-甲酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙基硫代)-苯基]-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮;1-(4-苯甲酰基-苯氧基)-丙-2-酮;[4-(2-羟基-乙基硫代)-苯基]-(4-苯氧基-苯基)-甲酮;3-(4-苯甲酰基-苯基)-2-二甲基氨基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮;(4-氯-苯基)-(4-辛基硫代-苯基)-甲酮;(4-氯-苯基)-(4-十二烷基硫代-苯基)-甲酮;(4-溴-苯基)-(4-辛基硫代-苯基)-甲酮;(4-十二烷基硫代-苯基)-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮;(4-苯甲酰基-苯氧基)-乙酸甲酯;联苯基-[4-(2-羟基-乙基硫代)-苯基]-甲酮;1-[4-(4-苯甲酰基苯基硫代)苯基]-2-甲基-2-(4-甲基苯基磺酰基)丙-1-酮(1001,可获自Lamberti)。
合适α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物的实例具有式(XI):
其中
R29为氢或C1-C18烷氧基;
R30为氢、C1-C18烷基、C1-C12羟基烷基、C1-C18烷氧基、OCH2CH2-OR34、吗啉代、S-C1-C18烷基、基团-HC=CH2、-C(CH3)=CH2、
或
d、e和f为1-3;
c为2-10;
G1和G2相互独立地为聚合物结构的端基,优选氢或甲基;
R34为氢、或
R31为羟基、C1-C16烷氧基、吗啉代、二甲基氨基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基;
g为1-20;
R32和R33相互独立地为氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C16烷氧基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基;或为未取代的苯基或苄基;或被C1-C12烷基取代的苯基或苄基;或R32和R33一起与它们所连接的碳原子形成环己基环;
R35为氢、OR36或NR37R38;
R36为氢、C1-C12烷基,其任选被一个或多个不连续O-原子间隔,且任选未被间隔或被间隔的C1-C12烷基被一个或多个OH取代,
或R36为
R37和R38相互独立地为氢或者未取代或被一个或多个OH取代的C1-C12烷基;
R39为C1-C12亚烷基,其任选被一个或多个不连续O间隔,-(CO)-NH-C1-C12亚烷基-NH-(CO)-或
条件是R31、R32和R33不同时为C1-C16烷氧基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基。
具体实例为1-羟基-环己基-苯基-酮或500(184与二苯甲酮的混合物)、2-甲基-1[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙-1-酮2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-丁-1-酮2-二甲基氨基-2-(4-甲基苄基)-1-(4-吗啉-4-基-苯基)-丁-1-酮(3,4-二甲氧基-苯甲酰基)-1-苄基-1-二甲基氨基丙烷、1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)-苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙-1-酮2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苄基]-苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苯氧基]-苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮、由Lamberti提供的Esacure KIP、2-羟基-1-{1-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苯基]-1,3,3-三甲基-二氢化茚-5-基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮。
和产品可由BASF SE获得。
合适苯甲酰甲酸酯化合物的实例具有式XIII:
其中
R60为氢、C1-C12烷基或
R55、R56、R57、R58和R59相互独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH、C1-C4烷氧基、苯基、萘基、卤素或被CN取代的C1-C12烷基;其中烷基链任选地被一个或多个氧原子间隔;或R55、R56、R57、R58和R59相互独立地为C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基或NR52R53;
R52和R53相互独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH或SH取代的C1-C12烷基,其中烷基链任选地被1-4个氧原子间隔;或R52和R53相互独立地为C2-C12链烯基、环戊基、环己基、苄基或苯基;和
Y1为任选地被一个或多个氧原子间隔的C1-C12亚烷基。
式XIII化合物的具体实例为氧代-苯基-乙酸2-[2-(2-氧代-2-苯基-乙酰氧基)-乙氧基]-乙酯α-氧代苯乙酸甲酯。
合适肟酯化合物的实例具有式XIV:
其中
z为0或1;
R70为氢、C3-C8环烷基;未取代或被一个或多个卤素、苯基或被CN取代的C1-C12烷基;或R70为C2-C5链烯基;未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、卤素、CN、OR73、SR74或被NR75R76取代的苯基;或R70为C1-C8烷氧基、苄氧基;或未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基或被卤素取代的苯氧基;
R71为苯基、萘基、苯甲酰基或萘甲酰基,其各自被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C3-C8环烷基、苄基、苯氧基羰基、C2-C12烷氧基羰基、OR73、SR74、SOR74、SO2R74或被NR75R76,取代,其中取代基OR73、SR74和NR75R76任选地经由基团R73、R74、R75和/或R76与苯基或萘基环上的其它取代基形成5或6元环;或其各自被苯基或被经一个或多个OR73、SR74或经NR75R66取代的苯基取代;
或R71为噻吨基或
R72为氢;未取代的C1-C20烷基或被一个或多个卤素、OR73、SR74、C3-C8环烷基或被苯基取代的C1-C20烷基;或为C3-C8环烷基;或为未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、苯基、OR73、SR74或被NR75R76取代的苯基;或为C2-C20烷酰基或苯甲酰基,其未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、苯基、卤素、OR73、SR74或被NR75R76取代;或为C2-C12烷氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基、CN、CONR75R76、NO2、C1-C4卤代烷基、S(O)y-C1-C6烷基或S(O)y-苯基,
y为1或2;
Y2为直接键或不为键;
Y3为NO2或
R73和R74相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C2-C12链烯基、C3-C8环烷基、被一个或多个(优选2个)O间隔的C3-C8环烷基、苯基-C1-C3烷基;或为被OH、SH、CN、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷酰基、C3-C8环烷基、被一个或多个(优选2个)O间隔的C3-C8环烷基取代的C1-C8烷基,或为被未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、卤素、OH、C1-C4烷氧基或被C1-C4烷基硫代取代的苯甲酰基;或为苯基或萘基,其各自未取代或被卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、苯基-C1-C3烷氧基、苯氧基、C1-C12烷基硫代、苯基硫代、N(C1-C12烷基)2、二苯基氨基或被取代;
R75和R76相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C2-C4羟基烷基、C2-C10烷氧基烷基、C2-C5链烯基、C3-C8环烷基、苯基-C1-C3烷基、C1-C8烷酰基、C3-C12链烯酰基、苯甲酰基;或为苯基或萘基,其各自未取代或被C1-C12烷基、苯甲酰基或被C1-C12烷氧基取代;或R75和R76一起为C2-C6亚烷基,其任选地被O或NR73间隔且任选地被羟基、C1-C4烷氧基、C2-C4烷酰氧基或被苯甲酰氧基取代;
R77为C1-C12烷基、噻吩基或苯基,其未取代或被C1-C12烷基、OR73、吗啉代或被N-咔唑基取代。
具体实例为1,2-辛二酮1-[4-(苯硫基)苯基]-2-(O-苯甲酰肟)乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)9H-噻吨-2-甲醛9-氧代-2-(O-乙酰基肟)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(4吗啉代苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基-4-(2-(1,3-二氧代-2-二甲基-环戊-5-基)乙氧基)-苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)(Adeka N-1919)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-硝基-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-[2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-2-甲氧基)乙氧基)苯基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)(Adeka NCI831)等。
还可以加入阳离子性光敏引发剂,例如过氧化苯甲酰(其它合适的过氧化物描述于US 4950581,第19栏第17-25行中),或芳族锍、或碘盐,例如描述于例如US 4950581,第18栏第60行至第19栏第10行中。
合适的锍盐化合物具有式XVa、XVb、XVc、XVd或XVe:
其中
R80、R81和R82各自相互独立地为未取代的苯基或被–S-苯基或被取代的苯基;
R83为直接键、S、O、CH2、(CH2)2、CO或NR89;
R84、R85、R86和R87相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20链烯基、CN、OH、卤素、C1-C6烷硫基、苯基、萘基、苯基-C1-C7烷基、萘基-C1-C3烷基、苯氧基、萘氧基、苯基-C1-C7烷氧基、萘基-C1-C3烷氧基、苯基-C2-C6链烯基、萘基-C2-C4链烯基、S-苯基、(CO)R89、O(CO)R89、(CO)OR89、SO2R89或OSO2R89;
R88为C1-C20烷基、C1-C20羟基烷基、或
R89为氢、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12羟基烷基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;
R90、R91、R92和R93相互独立地具有对R84所给含义之一;或R90和R91与它们所连接的苯环结合形成稠合环体系;
R95为直接键、S、O或CH2;
R96为氢、C1-C20烷基;被一个或多个O间隔的C2-C20烷基;或为–L-M-R98或-L-R98;
R97具有对R96所给含义之一或为
R98为单价敏化剂或光敏引发剂结构部分;
Ar1和Ar2相互独立地为未取代或被C1-C20烷基、卤素或OR99取代的苯基;或为未取代的萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
或为被C1-C20烷基、卤素或OR99取代的萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
或为-Ar4-A1-Ar3或
Ar3为未取代的苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
或为被C1-C20烷基、OR99或苯甲酰基取代的苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
Ar4为亚苯基、亚萘基、亚蒽基或亚菲基;
A1为直接键、S、O或C1-C20亚烷基;
X为CO、C(O)O、OC(O)、O、S或NR99;
L为直接键、S、O、C1-C20亚烷基或被一个或多个不连续O间隔的C2-C20亚烷基;
R99为C1-C20烷基或C1-C20羟基烷基;或为被O(CO)R102间隔的C1-C20烷基;M1为S、CO或NR100;
M2为直接键、CH2、O或S;
R100和R101相互独立地为氢、卤素、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基或苯基;
R102为C1-C20烷基;
R103为或和
E为阴离子,尤其是PF6、SbF6、AsF6、BF4、(C6F5)4B、Cl、Br、HSO4、CF3-SO3、F-SO3、CH3-SO3、ClO4、PO4、NO3、SO4、CH3-SO4或
锍盐化合物的具体实例例如为270(BASF SE);UVI-6990、UVI-6974(Union Carbide),KI85(Degussa),SP-55、SP-150、SP-170(Asahi Denka),GE UVE 1014(GeneralElectric),KI-85(=三芳基锍六氟磷酸盐;Sartomer),CD 1010(=混合的三芳基锍六氟锑酸盐;Sartomer);CD 1011(=混合的三芳基锍六氟磷酸盐;Sartomer),
合适的碘盐化合物具有式XVI:
其中
R110和R111各自相互独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、OH-取代的C1-C20烷氧基、卤素、C2-C12链烯基、C3-C8环烷基,尤其是甲基、异丙基或异丁基;和
E为阴离子,尤其是PF6、SbF6、AsF6、BF4、(C6F5)4B、Cl、Br、HSO4、CF3-SO3、F-SO3、CH3-SO3、ClO4、PO4、NO3、SO4、CH3-SO4或
碘盐化合物的具体实例为例如四(五氟苯基)硼酸甲苯基枯基碘盐、六氟锑酸或六氟磷酸4-[(2-羟基-十四烷氧基)苯基]苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸甲苯基枯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-异丙基苯基-4'-甲基苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-异丁基苯基-4'-甲基苯基碘盐(250,BASF SE)、六氟磷酸或六氟锑酸4-辛氧基苯基-苯基碘盐、六氟锑酸或六氟磷酸双(十二烷基苯基)碘盐、六氟磷酸双(4-甲基苯基)碘盐、六氟磷酸双(4-甲氧基苯基)碘盐、六氟磷酸4-甲基苯基-4'-乙氧基苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-甲基苯基-4'-十二烷基苯基碘盐、六氟磷酸4-甲基苯基-4'-苯氧基苯基碘盐。
在所提及的所有碘盐中,具有其它阴离子的化合物当然也是合适的。碘盐的制备是本领域熟练技术人员已知的且例如描述于如下文献中:US4151175、US3862333、US4694029、EP562897、US4399071、US6306555、WO98/46647 J.V.Crivello,“光引发阳离子聚合”,紫外线固化:Scienceand Technology,编辑S.P.Pappas,第24-77页,Technology MarketingCorporation,Norwalk,Conn.1980,ISBN号0-686-23773-0;J.V.Crivello,J.H.W.Lam,Macromolecules,10,1307(1977)和J.V.Crivello,Ann.Rev.Mater.Sci.1983,13,第173-190页和J.V.Crivello,Journal of PolymerScience,部分A:Polymer Chemistry,第37卷,4241-4254(1999)。
卤素为氟、氯、溴和碘。
C1-C24烷基(C1-C20烷基,尤其是C1-C12烷基)可能的话通常为线性或支化的。实例为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基和2-乙基己基、正壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基或十八烷基。C1-C8烷基通常为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基和2-乙基己基。C1-C4烷基通常为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基。
C2-C12链烯基(C2-C5链烯基)为直链或支化链烯基,例如乙烯基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、异丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、正戊-2,4-二烯基、3-甲基-丁-2-烯基、正辛-2-烯基或正十二碳-2-烯基。
C1-C12烷氧基(C1-C8烷氧基)为直链或支化烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、异戊氧基或叔戊氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、异辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基和十二烷氧基。
C1-C12烷硫基(C1-C8烷硫基)为直链或支化烷硫基且具有与烷氧基相同的优选含义,不同之处在于氧被硫替换。
C1-C12亚烷基为二价C1-C12烷基,即具有两个(而不是一个)自由价键的烷基,例如三亚甲基或四亚甲基。
环烷基通常为C3-C8环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基、环庚基或环辛基,其可为未取代或取代的。
在几种情况下,有利的是除了光敏引发剂外还使用敏化剂化合物。合适敏化剂化合物的实例公开于WO 06/008251,第36页,第30行至第38页,第8行中,其公开内容在此处通过参考并入。作为敏化剂,可尤其使用上述二苯甲酮化合物。
本发明方法和装置中使用的灯具有处于UV-A区(400-320nm)和短波可见区(400-450nm)的发射峰。即,所述灯具有处于320-450nm范围的发射峰。
紫外线辐射通常按如下归类为UV-A、UV-B和UV-C:UV-A:400-320nm UV-B:320-290nm UV-C:290-100nm。
当使用透明基材时,灯的类型通常并不重要。例如高压或中压汞灯就已足够。
任何紫外线源可用作辐射源,例如高或低压汞灯、冷阴极管、黑光、紫外线LED、紫外线激光器和闪光。
本发明方法中可使用的灯的实例示于下文:
-中压汞弧通过引入小比例的金属卤化物而改性以改变光谱输出:
-掺杂铁-光谱输出移至350-450nm;
-掺杂镓-发射非常少的紫外线;在紫色和蓝色谱区的发射(通过用金属碘化物掺杂汞弧所预期的额外紫外线谱线,在如下波长/nm下:镓(Ga)403、417和铁(Fe)358、372、374/5、382、386、388);和
-聚焦反射二极管阵列(Focussed Reflected Diode Array)(FRDA)系统(igb-tech GmbH),例如具有约400nm最大发射峰的FRDA 202。也可使用多光谱灯。
本发明方法和装置中有利地使用掺杂镓或铁的中压汞弧以得到更有效UV-A(315-400nm)或UV-B(280-315nm)和提供更好辐射效率范围和更高固化。
辐照器各自由铝壳构成,其含有具有椭圆形(或取决于应用呈抛物线)横截面的线性反射器。附于辐照器壳的反射器由具有高程度的紫外线反射率和耐锈蚀和腐蚀的特定铝制成。
为了实现最佳印刷速度,所使用的光敏引发剂或光敏引发剂混合物和灯应优化,取决于特定基材类型。
在基材上形成光变图像包括将可固化组合物沉积在基材的至少一部分上。组合物,通常为涂料、油墨或漆,可通过凹版、柔版、喷墨、胶版和丝网印刷方法以及通过涂覆方法沉积。在实验室规模实验中,用绕线棒或刮刀拉下是方便的。
取决于漆中的溶剂量且取决于印刷方法,获得了不同的干涂层厚度。银纳米颜料与基料的重量比会影响在透射和反射下所得的颜色。理论上,下文给出的颜料-基料比导致了所述的干涂层厚度。
P:B比 | 5:1 | 1:3 | 1:100 | 1:1000 |
对本发明方法而言,涂层厚度典型地为0.2-4微米。
银纳米颜料与基料的重量比通常为5:1-1:1000。
可固化漆通过紫外(U.V.)线固化。紫外线固化漆为市售产品且可例如由BASF SE得到。本发明所用暴露于光化辐射下的漆在将它们再次从成像垫片上分离时需要达到凝固阶段以在其上层中保持亚微观、全息衍射光栅图像或图案(OVI)的记录。特别适于漆组合物的是工业涂料和制版技术中辐射固化工业中所用的化学品。特别合适的是含有一种或几种会引发暴露于紫外线辐射下的漆层聚合的光潜催化剂的组合物。特别适于快速固化和转化成固态的是包含一种或几种对自由基聚合敏感的单体和低聚物如丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或含有至少一个烯属不饱和基团的单体或/和低聚物的组合物。
不饱和化合物可以包括一个或多个烯属双键。它们可以具有低分子量(单体)或高分子量(低聚)。含有一个双键的单体实例为丙烯酸烷基、羟基烷基或氨基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基、羟基烷基或氨基酯,例如丙烯酸甲基、乙基、丁基、2-乙基己基或2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸乙酯。聚硅氧烷丙烯酸酯也是有利的。其它实例为丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基酯如乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基醚如异丁基乙烯基醚、苯乙烯、烷基-和卤代苯乙烯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯。
含有两个或更多个双键的单体实例为乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇或双酚A的二丙烯酸酯,和4,4'-二(2-丙烯酰氧乙氧基)二苯基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯或四丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸乙烯酯、二乙烯基苯、琥珀酸二乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯或异氰脲酸三(2-丙烯酰氧乙基)酯。
较高分子量的多不饱和化合物(低聚物)的实例为丙烯酸酯化环氧树脂,含有丙烯酸酯、乙烯酯或环氧基的聚酯以及聚氨酯和聚酯。不饱和低聚物的其它实例为不饱和聚酯树脂,其通常由马来酸、邻苯二甲酸和一种或多种二醇制备且分子量约为500-3000。此外还可以使用具有聚酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、聚乙烯基醚和环氧主链的乙烯基醚单体和低聚物以及马来酸酯封端的低聚物。特别合适的为带有乙烯基醚基团的低聚物与聚合物的组合,如WO90/01512所述。然而,乙烯基醚与马来酸官能化单体的共聚物也是合适的。该类不饱和低聚物也可称为预聚物。
特别合适的实例为烯属不饱和羧酸和多元醇或多环氧化物的酯,以及在链中或在侧基中具有烯属不饱和基团的聚合物,例如不饱和聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯及其共聚物、在侧链中含有(甲基)丙烯酸基团的聚合物和共聚物,以及一种或多种该聚合物的混合物。
不饱和羧酸的实例为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、肉桂酸和不饱和脂肪酸如亚麻酸或油酸。优选丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
合适的多元醇为芳族,尤其是脂族和脂环族多元醇。芳族多元醇的实例为氢醌、4,4’-二羟基联苯、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷,以及线型酚醛清漆和甲阶酚醛树脂。多环氧化物的实例为基于上述多元醇,尤其是芳族多元醇和表氯醇的那些。其它合适的多元醇为在聚合物链中或在侧基中含有羟基的聚合物和共聚物,例如聚乙烯醇及其共聚物或聚甲基丙烯酸羟基烷基酯或其共聚物。其它合适的多元醇为具有羟基端基的低聚酯。
脂族和脂环族多元醇的实例为具有优选2-12个C原子的亚烷基二醇,例如乙二醇,1,2-或1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,辛二醇,十二烷二醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,具有分子量为优选200-1500的聚乙二醇,1,3-环戊二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇,1,4-二羟基甲基环己烷,甘油,三(β-羟基乙基)胺,三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和山梨醇。
多元醇可以部分或完全地被一种羧酸或被不同的不饱和羧酸酯化,且在偏酯中游离羟基可以用其它羧酸改性,例如醚化或酯化。
酯类的实例为:三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、四亚甲基二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四甘醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇三衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇五衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇六衣康酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二衣康酸酯、山梨醇三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇改性三丙烯酸酯、山梨醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、山梨醇五丙烯酸酯、山梨醇六丙烯酸酯、低聚酯丙烯酸酯类和甲基丙烯酸酯类、甘油二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯、1,4-环己烷二丙烯酸酯、分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯类和二甲基丙烯酸酯类或其混合物。
还适合作为可聚合组分的为相同或不同的不饱和羧酸与含有优选2-6个,尤其是2-4个氨基的芳族、脂环族和脂族多胺的酰胺。该类多胺的实例为乙二胺,1,2-或1,3-丙二胺,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二胺,1,5-戊二胺,1,6-己二胺,辛二胺,十二烷二胺,1,4-二氨基环己烷,异佛尔酮二胺,亚苯基二胺,亚联苯基二胺,二-β-氨基乙基醚,二亚乙基三胺,三亚乙基四胺,二(β-氨基乙氧基)-或二(β-氨基丙氧基)乙烷。其它合适的多胺为聚合物和共聚物,其在侧链中优选具有额外氨基,和具有氨基端基的低聚酰胺。该类不饱和酰胺的实例为亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、1,6-六亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二亚乙基三胺三甲基丙烯酰胺、双(甲基丙烯酰胺基丙氧基)乙烷、甲基丙烯酸β-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙基酯和N[(β-羟基乙氧基)乙基]丙烯酰胺。
合适的不饱和聚酯和聚酰胺例如衍生自马来酸和二醇或二胺。一些马来酸可被其它二羧酸替代。它们可与烯属不饱和共聚单体如苯乙烯一起使用。聚酯和聚酰胺也可衍生自二羧酸和烯属不饱和二醇或二胺,尤其是衍生自具有长链如6-20个C原子的那些。聚氨酯的实例为包含饱和或不饱和二异氰酸酯和不饱和或相应地饱和二醇的那些。
在侧链中具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的聚合物同样是已知的。它们可以是例如基于线型酚醛清漆的环氧树脂与(甲基)丙烯酸的反应产物,或者可以是乙烯醇或其用(甲基)丙烯酸酯化的羟基烷基衍生物的均聚物或共聚物,或者可以是用(甲基)丙烯酸羟基烷基酯酯化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的均聚物和共聚物。
在侧链中具有丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团的其它合适聚合物是例如溶剂可溶性或碱溶性聚酰亚胺前体,例如聚(酰胺酸酯)化合物,其具有与分子中主链或酯基团连接的可光聚合侧基,即根据EP624826。该类低聚物或聚合物可用任选地反应性稀释剂如多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯配制,以制备高度敏感性聚酰亚胺前体。
可聚合组分的实例还为在分子结构中具有至少两个烯属不饱和基团和至少一个羧基官能团的聚合物或低聚物,例如通过饱和或不饱和多元酸酐与环氧化合物和不饱和单羧酸的反应产物起反应获得的树脂,例如JP10-301276中描述的光敏化合物和市购产品如EB9696,UCB Chemicals;KAYARAD TCR1025,Nippon Kayaku Co.,LTD.,NK OLIGO EA-6340,EA-7440(获自Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co.,Ltd.),或在含羧基树脂与具有α,β-不饱和双键和环氧基团的不饱和化合物之间形成的加成产物(例如ACA200M,Daicel Industries,Ltd.)。作为可聚合组分的实例,额外的市购产品为ACA200、ACA210P、ACA230AA、ACA250、ACA300、ACA320(获自Daicel Chemical Industries,Ltd.)。
可光聚合化合物单独或以任何所需混合物使用。优选使用多元醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物。优选的组合物包含至少一种具有至少一个游离羧基的化合物。
作为稀释剂,单-或多官能烯属不饱和化合物或几种所述化合物的混合物可包括在上述组合物中,基于组合物的固体部分高达70重量%。
本发明还提供组合物,其包含作为可聚合组分的至少一种烯属不饱和可光聚合组分,其在水中或有机溶剂中乳化或溶解。
不饱和可聚合组分也可以与非光聚合、成膜组分混合使用。这些可例如为物理干燥聚合物或其在有机溶剂如硝基纤维素或纤维素乙酰丁酸酯中的溶液。然而,它们也可以为化学和/或热固化(热固性)树脂,实例为多异氰酸酯、聚环氧化物和蜜胺树脂以及聚酰亚胺前体。同时使用热固性树脂对称为混杂体系的体系中应用是重要的,所述混杂体系在第一阶段先进行光聚合,在第二阶段借助热后处理而交联。
可聚合组合物可另外包含溶剂。溶剂可以为酯/醇共混物以及优选乙酸正丙酯和乙醇。更优选地,酯/醇共混物的比例为10:1-40:1,甚至更优选20:1-30:1。所用的溶剂可包含如下任意一种或多种:酯如乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;醇如乙醇、工业用甲醇变性酒精、异丙醇或正丙醇;酮如甲乙酮或丙酮;芳烃如甲苯,和水。
尽管水可单独用作稀释剂,然而其在大多数情况下与有机溶剂如醇一起使用。
将光敏引发剂或光敏引发剂的混合物掺入配制剂/组合物中以引发紫外线固化过程。
在具体实施方案中,可固化组合物包含:
(a)5.0-0.6,特别是5.0-1.0,非常特别是4.0-2.5重量%光敏引发剂,
(b)94.9-11.9,特别是94.1-19.0,非常特别是76.0-47.5重量%一种或多种烯属不饱和树脂、单体或其混合物;
(c)0.1-87.5,特别是1.0-80.0,非常特别是20.0-50.0重量%如上文所定义的呈片状成型过渡金属颗粒形式的金属颜料,
其中组分a)-c)之和总计为100%。
一般而言,光敏引发剂通常以1-20重量%,优选3-10重量%的量添加,基于全部可固化组合物的重量。
可固化组合物可包含各种添加剂。其实例包括热抑制剂、光稳定剂、荧光增白剂、填料和颜料,以及白色和彩色颜料、染料、抗静电剂、粘合促进剂、润湿剂、流动助剂、润滑剂、蜡、防粘剂、分散剂、乳化剂、抗氧化剂;填料如滑石、石膏、硅酸、金红石、炭黑、锌氧化物、铁氧化物;反应加速剂、增稠剂、消光剂、消泡剂、均化剂和其它常用助剂(例如在漆、油墨和涂料技术中)。
紫外线漆可包含环氧-丙烯酸酯(获自Sartomer Europe系列)或系列(获自BASF SE)(10-60%)和一种或几种丙烯酸酯(单官能和多官能)单体(获自Sartomer Europe或BASF SE)(20-90%)和一种或几种光敏引发剂(1-15%)如819(BASF SE)和均化剂如361(0.01-1%)(获自BYK Chemie)。
在本发明另一实施方案中,可将紫外线涂层着色。即可固化组合物可包含颜料和/或染料。颜料可为透明有机有色颜料或无机颜料。
合适的有色颜料尤其包括选自如下的有机颜料:偶氮、偶氮甲碱、甲川、蒽醌、酞菁、紫环酮、二萘嵌苯、二酮吡咯并吡咯、硫靛蓝、二嗪、亚氨基异吲哚啉、二嗪、亚氨基异吲哚啉、喹吖啶酮、黄烷士林、阴丹士林、蒽素嘧啶和喹酞酮,或其混合物或固溶体;尤其是二嗪、二酮吡咯并吡咯、喹吖啶酮、酞菁、阴丹士林或亚氨基异吲哚啉,或其混合物或固溶体。
特别感兴趣的有色有机颜料包括C.I.颜料红202、C.I.颜料红122、C.I.颜料红179、C.I.颜料红170、C.I.颜料红144、C.I.颜料红177、C.I.颜料红254、C.I.颜料红255、C.I.颜料红264、C.I.颜料棕23、C.I.颜料黄109、C.I.颜料黄110、C.I.颜料黄147、C.I.颜料橙61、C.I.颜料橙71、C.I.颜料橙73、C.I.颜料橙48、C.I.颜料橙49、C.I.颜料蓝15、C.I.颜料蓝60、C.I.颜料紫23、C.I.颜料紫37、C.I.颜料紫19、C.I.颜料绿7、C.I.颜料绿36、WO08/055807所述片晶形式的2,9-二氯-喹吖啶酮,或其混合物或固溶体。
可有利地使用片晶状有机颜料如片晶状喹吖啶酮、酞菁、氟红玉、二嗪、红二萘嵌苯或二酮吡咯并吡咯作为其它组分。
合适的有色颜料还包括常规无机颜料;尤其是选自如下的那些:金属氧化物、锑黄、铬酸铅、铬酸硫酸铅、钼酸铅、群青蓝、钴蓝、锰蓝、氧化铬绿、水合氧化铬绿、钴绿和金属硫化物,例如铈或镉硫化物、硫硒化镉、铁酸锌、钒酸铋、普鲁士蓝、Fe3O4、炭黑和混合金属氧化物。市购无机颜料的实例为3920、920、645T、303T、110、110 M、CHROMOXIDGRUEN GN和CHROMOXIDGRUEN GN-M。
可用于将可固化组合物着色的染料的实例选自偶氮、偶氮甲碱、甲川、蒽醌、酞菁、二嗪、黄烷士林、阴丹士林、蒽素嘧啶和金属配合物染料。单偶氮染料、钴配合物染料、铬配合物染料、蒽醌染料和铜酞菁染料是优选的。
根据本发明另一方面,纳米结构和微结构能够使用常规印刷方法印刷,由此能够在高速下、在所需宽度下和在套准中印刷,其中在文件或标签上印刷任何常规印记。
光学微观结构图像由一系列结构表面(表面浮雕微结构)组成。这些表面可具有带有恒定或无规间隔的直线或曲线轮廓,且甚至尺寸可以由微米变化至毫米。图案可以为圆形、直线的,或不具有均匀图案。压花图案可包含尺寸为约0.01-约100微米的微结构。光干涉图案基于尺寸为约0.1-约10微米,优选约0.1-约1微米的微结构。例如菲涅耳透镜具有在一面上的微结构表面和在另一面上的平面表面。微结构表面由当与光轴的距离增加时改变倾角的一系列凹槽组成。位于倾斜面之间的通风面通常不影响菲涅耳透镜的光学性能。
光学干涉图案可呈各种常规形式,包括衍射图案如衍射光栅、折射图案、全息图案如二维和三维全息图像、角形反射器、图样(即具有随着观察角改变而改变的成像的全息图)、图样(即具有设置于产生一个全息图像的空间定向上的多个全息像素)、零级衍射图案、莫阿(moire)图案或基于尺寸为约0.1-约10微米,优选约0.1-约1微米的微结构的其它光干涉图案,和上述的各种组合,例如全息图/光栅图像,或其它类似干涉图案。
该类结构包括但不限于:(1)电子束产生的全息图;(2)点阵全息图;(3)计算机产生的全息图;(4)光变图样(OVD);(5)衍射光变图样(DOVID);(6)透镜,特别是微透镜;(7)透镜状透镜;(8)非反射结构;(9)控光结构;(10)深度结构(deep structure)(例如仅使一种波长以非常宽的观察角衍射的结构,例如在某些蝴蝶和其它昆虫中找到);(11)射频识别(RFID)天线;(12)可压花的计算机芯片;(13)返射结构;(14)看似金属(metallic-looking)的结构;ROVID(反射光变图样)。
光变图样(OVD)例如为衍射光变图像(DOVI)。本文所用术语“衍射光变图像”可以指任何类型的全息图,包括例如但不限于多重平面全息图(例如2维全息图、3维全息图等)、立体图和光栅图(例如点阵、像素图、方位图、动态图等)。
可固化组合物中的金属通常选自Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir和Pt,优选Ag和Cu。
优选地,所述颗粒包括银和/或铜片。
尤其优选Ag。
成型过渡金属颗粒可具有例如5-1000nm的边缘长度的最长尺寸和1-100nm的厚度,且包含六边形和/或三角形和/或截短的三角形棱柱,所述棱柱占成型过渡金属颗粒总数的超过20%。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,使用边缘长度的最长尺寸为15-1000nm,优选15-600nm,特别是20-500nm并且厚度为2-100nm,优选2-40nm,特别是4-30nm的片状成型过渡金属颗粒。成型过渡金属颗粒的生产例如描述于US2008/0295646,WO2004/089813,WO2006/099312,C.Xue等,Adv.Mater.19,2007,4071,WO2009056401和WO2010/108837中。将片状成型过渡金属颗粒用于生产全息图描述于WO2011/064162中。
可固化组合物包含基于油墨的总重量为0.1-90重量%,优选0.1-70重量%的成型过渡金属颗粒总含量。可固化组合物可另外包含溶剂。典型的溶剂已加以描述了。例如,溶剂可以为酯/醇共混物以及优选乙酸正丙酯和乙醇。更优选地,酯/醇共混物的比例为10:1-40:1,甚至更优选20:1-30:1。可固化组合物中所用的溶剂可包含如下任意一种或多种:酯如乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;醇如乙醇、甲醇、甲氧基丙醇、工业用甲醇变性酒精、异丙醇或正丙醇;酮如环己酮、甲乙酮或丙酮;芳烃如甲苯,和水。
片状成型(过渡)金属颗粒可以与球状(过渡)金属颗粒,如直径≤40nm,特别是≤20nm的球状(过渡)金属颗粒组合使用。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,可添加其他金属颜料。金属颜料为通过物理气相沉积产生的金属颜料(PVD金属颜料)。真空沉积的操作范围可为5-50nm,金属颗粒的优选厚度为8-21nm。优选金属颜料颗粒的厚度为小于50nm。更优选金属颜料颗粒的厚度为小于35nm。仍更优选颜料颗粒的厚度为小于20nm。甚至仍更优选颜料颗粒的厚度为5-18nm。
如果使用该金属颜料混合物,则金属片状颜料与基料体系之比为10:1-1:1000。
透明或半透明基材选自纸或热塑性或交联的聚合物。
就热塑性或交联的聚合物而言,可使用热塑性树脂,其实例包括聚乙烯基聚合物[聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯醇-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚丙烯(PP)、基于乙烯基的聚合物[聚(氯乙烯)(PVC)、聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)(PVB)、聚(乙烯醇)(PVA)、聚(偏二氯乙烯)(PVdC)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)(PVAc)、聚(乙烯醇缩甲醛)(PVF)]、聚苯乙烯基聚合物[聚苯乙烯(PS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)]、丙烯酸基聚合物[聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、MMA-苯乙烯共聚物]、聚碳酸酯(PC)、纤维素[乙基纤维素(EC)、乙酸纤维素(CA)、丙基纤维素(CP)、乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)、硝酸纤维素(CN)]、氟基聚合物[聚氯氟乙烯(PCTFE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、四氟乙烯-六氟乙烯共聚物(FEP)、聚(偏二氟乙烯)(PVdF)]、氨基甲酸酯基聚合物(PU)、尼龙[类型6、类型66、类型610、类型11]、聚酯(烷基)[聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸环己烷二甲醇酯(PCT)]、酚醛清漆类酚醛树脂等。另外,也可使用热固性树脂如甲阶酚醛树脂类酚醛树脂、脲树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯等。
所述纸基材可为钞票,识别文件如护照,身份证,驾驶执照,包装材料如标签,折叠纸盒,纸袋,其用于药物,服饰,软件,化妆品,烟草,或待装饰或易于仿造或伪造的任何其它产品。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,在将可固化组合物(清漆)施加至纸基材正面的至少一部分上之前,纸或纸板在正面已用阳离子性聚合物处理。
就本发明而言,处理包括用于将聚合物溶液施加至纸基材表面上的所有合适手段;特别是印刷或涂覆。
在本发明中用于处理纸的阳离子性聚合物包括能够形成阳离子性胺盐的重复胺单元。含胺基的阳离子性聚合物可为均聚物或共聚物。所述均聚物或共聚物可呈碱形式,或者部分地或完全地呈阳离子性胺盐形式。该类阳离子性聚合物例如描述于US 2008/0318150第3-4页中。
阳离子性聚合物优选为聚乙烯胺,其优选水解到至少90%。
聚乙烯胺或部分或完全地水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺可通过聚合N-乙烯基甲酰胺和随后水解并消去甲酰基以获得胺基而获得。水解度可为1-100%,优选≥50%,更优选≥90%。特别优选完全水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺。
制备N-乙烯基甲酰胺聚合物和随后水解例如广泛地描述于US6,132,558,第2栏第36行至第5栏第25行中。聚乙烯胺和部分地或完全地水解的聚乙烯基甲酰胺可以商标和由BASF SE市购。
例如,这些聚合物的平均分子量Mw为20000-2000000g/mol,例如50000-1000000,特别是100000-500000g/mol。
例如,聚乙烯胺含有0.1-22毫当量(meq),例如5-18meq阳离子性基团/克聚乙烯胺。聚乙烯胺聚合物通常呈分散体或溶液的形式,例如固含量为10-40%,例如15-30%,优选20-25%。它们通常由该类溶液或分散体施加至纸或纸板上。
上述聚合物溶液的施加量例如为2-20g,例如2-15g,优选4-12g/m2纸基材。聚合物溶液随后借助红外线干燥器和/或热风干燥器干燥。
也可与阳离子性聚合物一起施加其它天然聚合物如淀粉,特别是支链淀粉。与阳离子性聚合物混合的量基于阳离子性聚合物的重量通常为5-50%。
优选地,透明或半透明基材选自聚酯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯或聚苯乙烯。
例如,所述表面浮雕微结构形成工具为垫片,其选自镍套;镍板;经刻蚀的或经激光成像的金属鼓或其它材料,其安装在不透明滚筒或金属滚筒上,其在表面上含有光变图样(OVD图像)。
在许多情况下,也可使用由热塑性或硬塑性聚合物。
所述垫片优选为安装在不透明滚筒或金属滚筒上且在表面上含有OVD图像的镍板。
上述方法也可用于已存在的安全元件,如全息图上。例如,当透明或半透明基材已包含安全元件时,该安全元件可使用本发明的方法套印。其结果是,取决于从该安全元件哪一面观察,该面或另一面是可见的,其提供了防止伪造或复制的额外步骤。本发明的该实施方案示意于实施例4中。
本发明的另一方面为可通过使用上述方法获得的安全产品。
所得的含有表面浮雕微结构的安全产品可例如由透明或稍微着色的涂料套印。所述表面浮雕微结构仍保持可见。所述涂料可为常规溶剂基涂料或可紫外线固化涂料。可紫外线固化涂料的组分实例已在上文给出。溶剂基涂料的基料实例为硝基纤维素、醇酸树脂或聚丙烯酸酯树脂。在溶剂基涂料的情况下,有必要使用额外的热干燥步骤以蒸发溶剂。
优选地,所述安全产品包括钞票,信用卡,识别文件如护照,身份证,驾驶执照,或其它验证文件,药物、衣物、软件、光盘、烟草包装和易于仿造或伪造的其它产品或包装。
本发明的一个方面还为上文所定义的安全产品在防止伪造或复制有价值文件、权限(right)、识别、安全标签或品牌商品中的用途。
又一方面为一种在透明或半透明基材上形成显示出角度依赖性色变的涂层的方法,其包括上文所定义的步骤。
所述涂层显示出角度依赖性色变,即颜色作为视角的函数变化。角度依赖性色变可在约10:1-约1:100的颜料/基料比下获得。所产生的颜色取决于颜料/基料比。颜色由透射下的紫色至蓝色变化为反射下的银色至金色。在角度之间可观察到其它颜色。
优选地,所述涂料通过凹版印刷沉积。
下文实施例阐述本发明。
制备银片
所述制备根据WO2011/064162的实施例1进行。将沉淀物分散在所选的任意溶剂(包括水、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、环己酮、甲氧基丙醇)中以获得包含20%银片的分散体。
将由此获得的片用于下文应用实施例中。
应用实施例
光聚合物材料:
OVD Primer 301为BASF SE的市售可紫外线固化产品。
2100为BASF SE的市售光敏引发剂。
体积全息图(反射全息图)根据WO2005/124456第22页实施例1或者在获自Bayer,Bayfol或Dupont,Toppan,DNP上进行。
紫外线漆的组成如下所示:
紫外线漆 | 重量% |
三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA) | 1-25 |
二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DPGDA) | 30-45 |
乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMEOPTA) | 10-50 |
反应性叔胺 | 1-15 |
光敏引发剂混合物 | 5-9 |
光敏引发剂混合物:
实施例1—在紫外线油墨中
制备紫外线油墨:在室温下,将1g紫外线清漆(OVD Primer301+5%2100)添加至处于50mL玻璃瓶中的20g银片分散体(20%颜料,于甲醇中)中并温和搅拌。将所得油墨借助绕线棒0(4微米湿油墨厚度)涂覆至PET膜上并风干。将该经涂覆的膜压在包含全息结构的垫片上,并在紫外线(18/2,80W/cm,10m/分钟)下透过该膜固化。将所述PET膜与垫片剥离。所述油墨的颜料与基料之比对应于4:1。
使用Colorimeter Konica Minolta CM3610-d-(测量-d8°几何)在压花表面上测量所述膜在反射和透射下的颜色坐标。
CIELab | L* | C* | h° |
在白色上反射 | 57.9 | 10.7 | 91.7 |
在黑色上反射 | 55.9 | 4.0 | 121.2 |
透射 | 40.3 | 5.6 | 276.2 |
所得效果:金属全息图在所述PET膜压花面上可见。
实施例2—在紫外线油墨中
制备紫外线油墨:在室温下,将6g紫外线清漆(OVD Primer301+5%2100)添加至处于20mL玻璃瓶中的10g银片分散体(20%颜料,于甲醇中)中并温和搅拌。将所得油墨借助绕线棒0(4微米湿油墨厚度)涂覆至PET膜上并风干。将该经涂覆的膜压在包含全息结构的垫片上,并在紫外线(18/2,80W/cm,10m/分钟)下透过该膜固化。将所述PET膜与垫片剥离。所述油墨的颜料与基料之比对应于1:3。
使用Colorimeter Konica Minolta CM3610-d-(测量-d8°几何)在压花表面上测量所述膜在反射和透射下的颜色坐标。
CIELab | L* | C* | h° |
在白色上反射 | 44.9 | 13.5 | 83.4 |
在黑色上反射 | 46.5 | 20.8 | 86.3 |
透射 | 24.0 | 57.0 | 301.9 |
所得效果:金属全息图在所述PET膜压花面上可见。
实施例3—在紫外线油墨中
制备紫外线油墨:在室温下,将20g紫外线清漆(OVDPrimer 301+5%2100)添加至处于50mL玻璃瓶中的1g银片分散体(20%颜料,于甲醇中)中并温和搅拌。将所得油墨借助绕线棒0(4微米湿油墨厚度)涂覆至PET膜上并风干。将该经涂覆的膜压在包含全息结构的垫片上,并在紫外线18/2,80W/cm,10m/分钟)下透过该膜固化。将所述PET膜与垫片剥离。所述油墨的颜料与基料之比对应于1:100。
使用Colorimeter Konica Minolta CM3610-d-(测量-d8°几何)在压花表面上测量所述膜在反射和透射下的颜色坐标。
CIELab | L* | C* | h° |
在白色上反射 | 69.6 | 17.6 | 254.4 |
在黑色上反射 | 40.5 | 3.2 | 355.5 |
透射 | 89.8 | 10.2 | 249.1 |
所得效果:金属全息图在所述PET膜的两面上可见。
实施例4—在紫外线油墨中
将实施例2中的紫外线油墨借助绕线棒0(4微米涂层)涂覆至位于PET膜上的紫外线浇铸全息图像A上,将其风干,随后压在包含全息图像B的垫片上。将其在紫外线(18/2,80W/cm,10m/分钟)下透过该膜固化。将所述PET膜与垫片剥离。
使用Colorimeter Konica Minolta CM3610-d-(测量-d8°几何)在压花表面上测量所述膜在反射和透射下的颜色坐标。
CIELab | L* | C* | h° |
在白色上反射 | 53.7 | 19.6 | 119.4 |
透射 | 13.2 | 15.1 | 283.9 |
所得效果:金属全息图像A和图像B在所述PET膜的每一面上可见,在透射下呈蓝色。
实施例5—在水基紫外线油墨中
制备紫外线油墨:在室温下,将混有2g蒸馏水的5g紫外线清漆(OVD Primer 301+5%2100)添加至处于50mL玻璃瓶中的20g银片(25%颜料,于水中)并温和搅拌。
将所得油墨借助绕线棒0(4微米湿油墨厚度)涂覆至PET膜上并风干。将该经涂覆的膜压在包含全息结构的垫片上,并在紫外线(18/2,80W/cm,10m/分钟)下透过该膜固化。将所述PET膜与垫片剥离。所述油墨的颜料与基料之比对应于1:1。
使用Colorimeter Konica Minolta CM3610-d-(测量-d8°几何)在压花表面上测量所述膜在反射和透射下的颜色坐标。
CIELab | L* | C* | h° |
在白色上反射 | 38.1 | 5.5 | 19.6 |
透射 | 23.2 | 57.6 | 289.7 |
所得效果:金属全息图在所述PET膜的压花面上可见。
结论:本发明的可紫外线固化组合物提供了非漂浮性能,这特别适于涂覆在全息图或压花全息图上。极小的颗粒填充了OVD的光栅,并获得了与气相金属沉积的颜料相同的反射(光密度为2或更高)。
Claims (18)
1.一种在基材上形成表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变图样,OVD)的方法,其包括如下步骤:
A)将可固化组合物施加至所述基材的至少一部分上,其中所述可固化组合物包含:
a1)至少一种烯属不饱和树脂、单体或其混合物;
a2)至少一种光敏引发剂;和
a3)呈边缘长度的最长尺寸为5-1000nm,优选7-600nm,特别是10-500nm并且厚度为1-100nm,优选2-40nm,特别是3-30nm的片状成型过渡金属颗粒形式的金属颜料;
B)使可固化组合物的至少一部分与表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像形成工具接触;
C)通过使用至少一个紫外线灯固化所述组合物。
2.根据权利要求1的在透明或半透明基材上形成表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变图样,OVD)的方法,其包括如下步骤:
A)将可固化组合物施加至所述基材正面的至少一部分上,其中所述可固化组合物包含:
a1)至少一种烯属不饱和树脂、单体或其混合物;
a2)至少一种光敏引发剂;和
a3)呈边缘长度的最长尺寸为5-1000nm,优选7-600nm,特别是10-500nm并且厚度为1-100nm,优选2-40nm,特别是3-30nm的片状成型过渡金属颗粒形式的金属颜料;
B)使可固化组合物的至少一部分与表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像形成工具接触;
C)通过使用设置在所述透明或半透明基材背面上的至少一个紫外线灯固化所述组合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述灯为掺杂镓或铁的中压汞灯。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3的方法,其中所述光敏引发剂选自二苯甲酮类、α-羟基酮类化合物、α-烷氧基酮类化合物、α-氨基酮类化合物、单和双酰基氧化膦化合物、苯甲酰甲酸酯化合物、肟酯化合物和盐化合物(锍盐化合物和碘盐化合物)及其混合物。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述光敏引发剂选自单和双酰基氧化膦化合物及其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中所述可固化组合物包含单和/或双酰基氧化膦化合物与二苯甲酮类化合物、α-羟基酮类、α-烷氧基酮类或α-氨基酮类化合物的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中所述可固化组合物包含:
(a)5.0-0.6,特别是5.0-1.0,非常特别是4.0-2.5重量%光敏引发剂,
(b)94.9-11.9,特别是94.1-19.0,非常特别是76.0-47.5重量%一种或多种烯属不饱和树脂、单体或其混合物;
(c)0.1-87.5,特别是1.0-80.0,非常特别是20.0-50.0重量%如上文所定义的呈片状成型过渡金属颗粒形式的金属颜料,
其中组分a)-c)之和总计为100%。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述金属选自Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir和Pt,优选Ag和Cu,尤其是Ag。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述成型过渡金属颗粒具有5-1000nm的边缘长度的最长尺寸和1-100nm的厚度,且包含六边形和/或三角形和/或截短的三角形棱柱,所述棱柱占成型过渡金属颗粒总数的超过20%。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述透明或半透明基材选自纸,或者选自热塑性或交联的聚合物。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述透明或半透明基材为选自聚酯、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯或聚苯乙烯的热塑性聚合物。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述表面浮雕微结构形成工具为垫片,其选自镍套;镍板;经刻蚀的或经激光成像的金属鼓或其它材料,其安装在不透明滚筒或金属滚筒上,其在表面上含有OVD图像(OVD图样)。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述垫片为安装在不透明滚筒或金属滚筒上的且在表面上含有OVD图像的镍板。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中将所述表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变图样,OVD)施加在已存在的安全元件,尤其是全息图上。
15.可通过使用根据权利要求1-14中任一项的方法获得的安全产品。
16.根据权利要求15的产品,其包括钞票,信用卡,识别文件如护照,身份证,驾驶执照,或其它验证文件,药物,衣物,软件,光盘,烟草包装和易于仿造或伪造的其它产品或包装。
17.根据权利要求15的产品在防止伪造或复制有价值文件、权限、识别、安全标签或品牌商品中的用途。
18.一种在基材上形成显示出角度依赖性色变的涂层的方法,包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所定义的步骤。
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KR20150027205A (ko) | 2015-03-11 |
MX368240B (es) | 2019-09-25 |
JP2015527216A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
EP2861428A2 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
US20170028764A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
BR112014030976A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
RU2015100188A (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
JP6203253B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
RU2640711C2 (ru) | 2018-01-11 |
US20150158323A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
EP2861428B1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
MX2014015263A (es) | 2015-08-20 |
WO2013186167A2 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
WO2013186167A3 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
AU2013276625B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
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