CN104212511B - Fuel rod and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel rod and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104212511B CN104212511B CN201410438517.9A CN201410438517A CN104212511B CN 104212511 B CN104212511 B CN 104212511B CN 201410438517 A CN201410438517 A CN 201410438517A CN 104212511 B CN104212511 B CN 104212511B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical group C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 45
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 11
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000513 Santalum album Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008632 Santalum album Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic hydroxy carboxyl salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fuel rod and preparation method thereof, the method includes: with powdered biomass, combustion adjuvant, sulphur-fixing agent and bentonite, semi-coke end is carried out the first mixed processing, in order to obtain the first mixed material；First mixed material and binding agent are carried out the second mixed processing, in order to obtain the second mixed material；Ring mode forming machine is used to be shaped the second mixed material processing, in order to obtain molding materials；And molding materials is dried process, in order to obtain fuel rod.The fuel rod volatile matter using the method to obtain is low, sulfur content is low, caloric value is high, low price, can substitute anthracite and cook for outer suburbs villager or rural area, whole nation warming, and then significantly reduce haze, thus be effectively improved air quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of clean fuels, and particularly relates to a fuel rod and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Semi coke is one of coal dry distillation products and has the advantages of low volatile component, high fixed carbon, high heat productivity and the like. The semi coke is in a state of supply and demand at present, the product price is reduced, the capacity release rate of enterprises is low, the operational benefit is low, and the development is in a low state. With the shift from semi-coke block dry distillation to surface coal dry distillation, the semi-coke powder yield can be greatly increased, and the semi-coke powder in other areas can provide sufficient raw materials for the production of clean coal briquettes. However, the semi-coke is difficult to form because the semi-coke has high elasticity and low plasticity. The literature indicates that when CdafWhen the content is more than 90%, the elastic modulus sharply increases with the degree of coalification, and anisotropy is exhibited. C of semi cokedafThe height is higher, and is mostly more than 90%, thereby increasing the difficulty of molding. Plasticity is in contrast to elasticity, and the greater the plasticity the easier the molding.
At present, the disclosed solid novel clean fuel mainly takes pulverized coal (bituminous coal or anthracite), biomass (biological straw) or a mixture of the two as a base material, and is added with additives such as a binder, a sulfur-fixing agent, a combustion improver and the like, and then is processed and molded. The solid clean fuel using the semi-coke powder as the base material is less because the semi-coke powder has large elasticity, small plasticity and large molding difficulty.
The patent CN 103436314A discloses a method for preparing aromatic carbon by using semicoke, which takes the mixture of semicoke powder and coke powder as a base material, wherein the blue carbon powder accounts for 70-80%, the coke powder accounts for 20-30%, the fixed carbon content of the semicoke is not less than 60%, the volatile component content is 15 +/-1%, the fixed carbon content in the coke is more than 80%, the blue carbon powder is crushed to be less than 3mm, the coke powder is crushed to be less than 1mm, and then a binder is added for processing and forming. However, because the coke powder is expensive, the binder is a self-made binder, the cost is high, the achievement conversion rate is low, and the popularization difficulty is high.
Therefore, clean fuels using semi-coke as a raw material are under further study.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the fuel rod obtained by the method is low in volatile component, low in sulfur content, high in heat generation and low in price, can replace anthracite to be used for warming and cooking in winter in rural villages far away from the suburbs or rural areas nationwide, and further obviously reduces haze, so that the air quality is effectively improved.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a fuel rod comprising:
performing first mixing treatment on the semi-coke powder, the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite to obtain a first mixed material;
carrying out second mixing treatment on the first mixed material and a binder so as to obtain a second mixed material;
molding the second mixed material by using a ring mode molding machine so as to obtain a molded material; and
and drying the molding material to obtain the fuel rod.
According to the method for preparing the fuel rod, the formability of the semi-coke powder can be obviously improved by adding the biomass powder and the bentonite into the semi-coke, so that the semi-coke with rich sources and low price can be applied to the field of fuel preparation. Meanwhile, the semi coke has the advantages of low volatile component and high fixed carbon, and the emission of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other pollution gases in the combustion process of the fuel rod prepared by taking semi coke powder as a raw material can be further reduced by adding the sulfur fixing agent, so that haze is obviously reduced, and the air quality is effectively improved; the calorific value of the fuel rod prepared by taking the semi-coke as the raw material can reach more than 26MJ/kg, and is obviously higher than that of the fuel prepared by taking the semi-coke, the coke and the like as the raw materials. And secondly, the method for preparing the fuel rod in the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low cost, simple process and easy popularization. Therefore, the fuel rod prepared by the method of the embodiment of the invention can meet the urgent need of environment-friendly clean fuel at present, and fundamentally provides reliable help for haze treatment.
In addition, the method for manufacturing the fuel rod according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the semi-coke powder has a dry ashless-based volatile content of no more than 8 wt%, a total sulfur content of no more than 0.4 wt%, and a calorific value of no less than 5000 kcal/kg. Therefore, the environmental protection performance of the fuel rod can be effectively improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the semi-coke powder, the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.005-0.01: 0.02-0.06: 0.01-0.03 of the first mixing treatment. Thus, the formability of the semi coke can be remarkably improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the semi-coke powder has a particle size of no more than 3mm, the biomass powder has a particle size of no more than 2 mm, and the bentonite has a particle size of no less than 75 μm. This can further improve the moldability of the semi coke.
In some embodiments of the invention, the biomass powder is sawdust or straw powder, the combustion improver is a mixture containing iron oxide, sodium chloride and potassium permanganate, wherein the mass ratio of the iron oxide to the sodium chloride to the potassium permanganate is 2:2:1, and the sulfur fixing agent is hydrated lime or quicklime. This can further improve the formability of the semi coke and reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the first mixed material to the binder is 1.045-1.15: 0.05 to 0.1 of the second mixing treatment. This can further improve the moldability of the semi coke.
In some embodiments of the invention, the binder is a humic acid binder. This can further improve the moldability of the semi coke.
In another aspect of the present invention, a fuel rod is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fuel rod is prepared by the above method. Therefore, the fuel rod has low volatile component, low sulfur content, high heat productivity and low price, can replace anthracite to be used for warming and cooking in winter in suburb villages or rural areas all over the country, and further obviously reduces haze, thereby effectively improving the air quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a fuel rod according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making a fuel rod comprising:
performing first mixing treatment on the semi-coke powder, the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite to obtain a first mixed material;
carrying out second mixing treatment on the first mixed material and the binder so as to obtain a second mixed material;
molding the second mixed material by using a ring mode molding machine so as to obtain a molded material; and
and drying the molding material to obtain the fuel rod.
According to the method for preparing the fuel rod, the formability of the semi-coke powder can be obviously improved by adding the biomass powder and the bentonite into the semi-coke, so that the semi-coke with rich sources and low price can be applied to the field of fuel preparation. Meanwhile, the semi coke has the advantages of low volatile component and high fixed carbon, and the emission of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other pollution gases in the combustion process of the fuel rod prepared by taking semi coke powder as a raw material can be further reduced by adding the sulfur fixing agent, so that haze is obviously reduced, and the air quality is effectively improved; the calorific value of the fuel rod prepared by taking the semi-coke as the raw material can reach more than 26MJ/kg, and is obviously higher than that of the fuel prepared by taking the semi-coke, the coke and the like as the raw materials. And secondly, the method for preparing the fuel rod in the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of low cost, simple process and easy popularization. Therefore, the fuel rod prepared by the method of the embodiment of the invention can meet the urgent need of environment-friendly clean fuel at present, and fundamentally provides reliable help for haze treatment.
A method of manufacturing a fuel rod according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: first mixing treatment
According to the embodiment of the invention, the semi-coke powder, the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite are subjected to a first mixing treatment, so that a first mixed material can be obtained. The inventor finds that the moldability of the semi-coke powder can be obviously improved by adopting the biomass powder and the bentonite as the molding agent, and the molding agent has rich sources and low price, so that the production cost of the fuel rod can be further reduced.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the dry ashless-based volatile content of the semi-coke powder is not higher than 8 wt%, the total sulfur content is not higher than 0.4 wt%, and the calorific value is not lower than 5000 kcal/kg. The inventor finds that the semi-coke has the advantages of low volatile component, high fixed carbon, high heat productivity, low price and the like, so that the cost of raw materials can be obviously reduced compared with anthracite or coke by adopting the semi-coke, the emission of pollution gas is reduced, the air quality is effectively improved, and the heat productivity of the obtained fuel rod can reach 26 MJ/kg.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mixing ratio of the semi-coke powder to the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite is not particularly limited, and according to the specific embodiment of the invention, the semi-coke powder to the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite can be mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.005-0.01: 0.02-0.06: 0.01-0.03. The inventor finds that if the proportion of the biomass powder is too high, the volatile component of the fuel rod is remarkably increased, and smoke is generated during combustion, while if the proportion of the biomass powder is too low, a continuous plastic phase cannot be formed, and the formability of the semi coke cannot be improved; if the proportion of the combustion improver is too high, the cost is obviously increased, and if the proportion is too high, the combustion-supporting effect is weakened on the contrary, and if the proportion is too low, the combustion-supporting effect is not obvious, and the combustion-supporting effect cannot be realized; if the proportion of the sulfur-fixing agent is too high, the ash content of the fuel rod can be obviously increased, the cost is increased, and if the proportion is too low, the sulfur-fixing effect is poor; if the proportion of bentonite is too high, ash content of the fuel rod is increased, and cost is increased, and if the proportion is too low, the function of improving the formability of the semi-coke powder cannot be achieved. Therefore, the formability of the semi-coke powder can be obviously improved by selecting the proportion in the range, and the requirement of environmental protection is met.
The particle size of the semi-coke powder according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the particle size of the semi-coke powder according to the embodiment of the present invention may be not more than 3 mm. The inventor finds that the particle size of the semi-coke powder is too high, so that the subsequent molding is not facilitated.
The specific type of the biomass powder according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the biomass powder may be sawdust or straw powder according to the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the preparation cost of the fuel rod can be obviously reduced.
The particle size of the biomass powder according to an embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the biomass powder may be not more than 2 mm. The inventor finds that if the particle size of the biomass powder is too high, the mixing and the forming are not facilitated.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the specific type of the combustion improver is not particularly limited, and according to an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion improver may be a mixture containing iron oxide, sodium chloride, and potassium permanganate, and according to an embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of iron oxide, sodium chloride, and potassium permanganate may be 2:2: 1. The inventor finds that the combustion improver with the proportion has good combustion-supporting effect and low cost.
The specific type of the sulfur-fixing agent according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the sulfur-fixing agent may be hydrated lime or quicklime according to the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can be obviously reduced, and the generation of pollution gas is reduced.
The specific type of bentonite according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and according to the embodiment of the present invention, the bentonite may be industrial-grade bentonite having a particle size of not less than 75 μm. Therefore, the formability of the semi-coke can be obviously improved, and the preparation cost of the fuel rod can be reduced.
The inventor finds that the semi-coke has the advantages of low volatile component, high fixed carbon, high calorific value and the like, so that the semi-coke becomes an ideal raw material for producing the clean fuel rod, and the semi-coke is in a supply and demand state at present, so that the price of the semi-coke is reduced, but the semi-coke has large elasticity and low plasticity, so that the forming difficulty is large, and the solid clean fuel taking the semi-coke as a base material is few, the inventor has surprisingly found through a large number of experiments that the biomass powder can be softened and then plastically deformed at high temperature and high pressure to form a plastic phase, while the bentonite clay particle component mainly comprises hydrophilic minerals, has obvious water absorption expansion and water loss shrinkage performances, so that the elastic modulus of the material can be reduced, the limit deformation can be increased, the formability of the semi-coke can be improved by mixing the semi-coke powder with the biomass powder and the bentonite, and the clean fuel rod is prepared by adding a combustion improver and a sulfur fixing, meanwhile, the situation that the benefit of the existing semi coke industry is low is reversed, and the effective utilization of resources is realized.
S200: second mixing treatment
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the first mixed material obtained above is subjected to the second mixing process with the binder, so that the second mixed material can be obtained. Therefore, the molding performance of the semi-coke powder can be obviously improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mixing ratio of the first mixture and the binder is not particularly limited, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first mixture and the binder may be mixed according to a mass ratio of 1.045-1.15: 0.05 to 0.1 of the second mixing treatment. The inventors have found that if the binder content is too high, the cost is significantly increased, and if the binder content is too low, the molding effect is poor. Therefore, the molding performance of the semi-coke can be obviously improved by selecting the mixing ratio in the range.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the specific type of the binder is not particularly limited, and according to an embodiment of the present invention, the binder may be a humic acid type binder, and may be, for example, sodium humate or potassium humate. The inventor finds that the humic acid binder as a high-molecular aromatic hydroxy carboxyl salt has a plurality of active groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl salt, so that the humic acid binder has good plasticity and binding property, and the formability of the semi-coke can be improved.
S300: shaping process
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the second mixed material obtained above is subjected to molding treatment using a ring mode molding machine, so that a molded material can be obtained. Therefore, the applicability of the semi-coke powder can be obviously improved.
The inventor finds that the ring mode forming machine makes the press roll or the ring die do rotary motion under the driving of power, strong friction extrusion is generated between the press roll and the material entering a gap between the press roll and the ring die in the running process, the material is extruded into the ring die forming hole, the material is continuously rubbed and extruded to generate high temperature, the material entering the die hole is softened and then plastically deformed under the action of high temperature and high pressure to form a plastic phase, so that the ring mode forming machine is used for forming a second mixed material, the formability of semi-coke can be effectively improved, the obtained fuel rods are high in density, high in crushing strength and high in compressive strength through the ring mode extrusion, the transportation is easy, and meanwhile, compared with the traditional coal rod machine, the ring mode forming machine is used for obviously improving the yield of the fuel rods, the energy consumption is low (the yield of the ring mode forming machine is 5 tons/hour, the actual power is 26KW, the output of the coal rod machine is 3 tons/hour, and the actual power is 50 KW).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the molding material is not particularly limited, and according to an embodiment of the present invention, the molding material may be a circular rod shape, and the diameter of the circular rod shape may be 10 to 60 mm. The inventors have found that forming material too coarse or too fine reduces its strength and that forming material too coarse or too fine is not compatible with existing ovens.
S400: drying treatment
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the molding material obtained above is subjected to a drying process, so that a fuel rod can be obtained. This can significantly increase the amount of heat generated by the fuel rod.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the conditions of the drying process are not particularly limited, and according to an embodiment of the present invention, the drying process may be performed at 70 to 90 degrees celsius for 180 to 240 minutes. The inventors found that the drying efficiency of the molding material can be significantly improved under such conditions. According to the embodiment of the invention, the moisture content of the fuel rod obtained through drying treatment is 2-5 wt%. This can further increase the amount of heat generated by the fuel rods.
As described above, the method of manufacturing a fuel rod according to an embodiment of the present invention may have at least one advantage selected from the following:
according to the method for preparing the fuel rod, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, semi-coke is mixed with biomass powder, humic acid binder and bentonite, and a ring mode forming machine is adopted for forming the semi-coke, so that the formability of the semi-coke can be obviously improved, and the single machine has large yield and low energy consumption;
the fuel rod obtained by the method for preparing the fuel rod has low volatile component, the dry ash-free base volatile component is below 10 percent, and the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) discharged during combustion are greatly reduced compared with bituminous coal, so that the problem of heating and smoking of rural residents in winter can be solved, and the atmospheric environment is improved;
the fuel rod obtained by the method for preparing the fuel rod provided by the embodiment of the invention has low total sulfur content, and the sulfur fixing agent is added, SO2 discharged during combustion is less, and the atmospheric environment can be obviously improved;
the fuel rod obtained by the method for preparing the fuel rod has high heat productivity which can reach more than 26 MJ/kg;
the fuel rod obtained by the method for preparing the fuel rod provided by the embodiment of the invention has high crushing strength and compressive strength and is easy to transport;
the method for preparing the fuel rod provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, low processing cost, simple process and easiness in popularization.
In another aspect of the present invention, a fuel rod is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fuel rod is prepared by the above method. Therefore, the fuel rod has low volatile component, low sulfur content, high heat productivity and low price, can replace anthracite to be used for warming and cooking in winter in suburb villages or rural areas all over the country, and further obviously reduces haze, thereby effectively improving the air quality.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Example 1
The raw material formula is as follows: 1 part by weight of bentonite, 3 parts by weight of slaked lime, 2 parts by weight of biomass powder, 0.5 part by weight of combustion improver, 6 parts by weight of humic acid binder and 100 parts by weight of semi coke powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing semi-coke powder, biomass powder, bentonite, hydrated lime and a combustion improver to obtain a first mixed material, adding a humic acid binder into the first mixed material, continuously stirring to obtain a second mixed material, then carrying out extrusion forming on the second mixed material by using a ring mode forming machine to obtain a formed material, and then drying the obtained formed material to obtain the fuel rod.
The obtained fuel rod has the dropping strength of 92.8 percent, the compressive strength of 712N/piece, the dry ash-free volatile component of 7.4 percent, the moisture of 3.46 percent, the heat productivity of 26.12MJ/kg and the density of 1.16g/cm3And the fuel rod is subjected to test burning, the duration of strong fire can reach 8 hours, and SO discharged from the flue gas2The concentration is 15.5mg/m3，NOxThe concentration is 40mg/m3Is obviously lower than the standard of ' the atmospheric pollutant emission standard of boilers in Beijing ' city ' DB 11/139-2007.
Example 2
The raw material formula is as follows: 2 parts by weight of bentonite, 2 parts by weight of slaked lime, 2 parts by weight of biomass powder, 0.8 part by weight of combustion improver, 8 parts by weight of humic acid binder and 100 parts by weight of semi coke powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: the same as in example 1.
The obtained fuel rod has a drop strength of 93.5%, a compressive strength of 720N/piece, a dry ash-free volatile component of 8.7%, a moisture content of 2.86%, a calorific value of 27.86MJ/kg, and a density of 1.17g/cm3And the fuel rod is subjected to test burning, the duration of strong fire can reach 9 hours, and SO discharged from the flue gas2The concentration is 16.5mg/m3，NOxThe concentration is 42mg/m3Is obviously lower than the standard of ' the atmospheric pollutant emission standard of boilers in Beijing ' city ' DB 11/139-2007.
Example 3
The raw material formula is as follows: 2 parts by weight of bentonite, 2 parts by weight of slaked lime, 3 parts by weight of biomass powder, 0.8 part by weight of combustion improver, 8 parts by weight of humic acid binder and 100 parts by weight of semi coke powder;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: the same as in example 1.
The obtained fuel rod has the dropping strength of 90.2 percent, the compressive strength of 703N/piece, the dry ash-free base volatile component of 9.5 percent, the moisture content of 3.67 percent, the heating value of 28.65MJ/kg and the density of 1.15g/cm3And the fuel rod is subjected to test burning, the duration of strong fire can reach 8.5 hours, and SO discharged from the flue gas2The concentration is 16mg/m3，NOxThe concentration is 44mg/m3Is obviously lower than the standard of ' the atmospheric pollutant emission standard of boilers in Beijing ' city ' DB 11/139-2007.
Comparative example
The raw material formula is as follows: 70% of semi-coke powder and 30 wt% of coke powder, wherein the molding adhesive is 5-7% of the total mass of the semi-coke powder and the coke powder, and the formula of the molding adhesive is as follows: 10 wt% of guar gum, 10 wt% of sodium carbonate, 20 wt% of tapioca flour, 50 wt% of flour, 2 wt% of sandalwood flour and 8 wt% of carboxymethyl starch;
the preparation method of the molding adhesive comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing cassava flour and flour to obtain a mixed material, then adding 550 parts by weight of water into a reaction container, heating to 70 ℃, then taking 20 parts by weight of the mixed material, diluting with 10 times of water at normal temperature to obtain a diluent, then pouring the diluent into the reaction container, continuously stirring, continuously heating to 90 ℃, then adding sodium carbonate, respectively preparing carboxymethyl starch and guar gum into solutions, then adding into the reaction container, stopping heating when the temperature returns to 90 ℃, adding sandalwood powder, stirring until the mixture is uniformly dispersed, and thus obtaining the forming adhesive.
The preparation method of the fuel rod comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing the semi-coke powder and the coke powder, adding a forming adhesive, and carrying out forming treatment to obtain the fuel rod.
The obtained fuel rod has the drop strength of 80 percent, the compressive strength of 460N/piece, 18 percent of dry ash-free base volatile, 3.79 percent of water, 23.2MJ/kg of heat productivity and 1.01g/cm of density3And the fuel rod is subjected to test burning, the duration of strong fire can reach 5 hours, and SO discharged from the flue gas2The concentration is 40mg/m3，NOxThe concentration is 160mg/m3Is higher than the standard of 'atmospheric pollutant emission standard of boiler in Beijing City' DB 11/139-2007.
Evaluation:
the cost of the fuel rods obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were analyzed, and the analysis results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 cost of fuel rods obtained in examples 1 to 3
TABLE 2 cost of fuel rods obtained in comparative examples
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the data analysis in tables 1 and 2, the fuel rods obtained in examples 1 to 3 are lower in price than the fuel rods obtained in the comparative example, and the average cost of the fuel rods obtained in the examples of the present invention is reduced by 179.92 yuan/ton compared with the fuel rod obtained in the comparative example, it can be seen that the method for preparing the fuel rods of the present invention can significantly reduce the cost of the fuel rods, the calorific value of the fuel rods obtained in examples 1 to 3 is significantly higher than that of the fuel rods obtained in the comparative example, and SO in flue gas is significantly higher than that of the fuel2And NOxThe discharge amount is obviously lower than that of the fuel rod obtained by the comparative example, and the fuel rod meets the emission standard of boiler atmospheric pollutants in Beijing City DB 11/139-2007.
Note: emission Standard of boiler atmospheric pollutants in Beijing City DB 11/139-2007 emission Standard of pollutants: SO (SO)2≤20mg/m3，NOx≤150mg/m3。
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of making a fuel rod, comprising:
performing first mixing treatment on the semi-coke powder, the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite to obtain a first mixed material;
carrying out second mixing treatment on the first mixed material and a binder so as to obtain a second mixed material;
molding the second mixed material by using a ring mode molding machine so as to obtain a molded material; and
drying the molding material to obtain the fuel rod,
wherein,
mixing the semi-coke powder, the biomass powder, the combustion improver, the sulfur fixing agent and the bentonite according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.01-0.05: 0.005-0.01: 0.02-0.06: 0.01-0.03 of the first mixing treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the semi-coke powder has a dry ash-free volatile content of not more than 8 wt%, a total sulfur content of not more than 0.4 wt%, and a calorific value of not less than 5000 kcal/kg.
3. The method for manufacturing a fuel rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semi-coke powder has a particle size of not more than 3mm, the biomass powder has a particle size of not more than 2 mm, and the bentonite has a particle size of not less than 75 μm.
4. The method for preparing the fuel rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass powder is sawdust or straw powder, the combustion improver is a mixture containing ferric oxide, sodium chloride and potassium permanganate, the mass ratio of the ferric oxide to the sodium chloride to the potassium permanganate is 2:2:1, and the sulfur fixing agent is hydrated lime or quicklime.
5. The method for preparing the fuel rod according to claim 1, wherein the first mixed material and the binder are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1.045-1.15: 0.05 to 0.1 of the second mixing treatment.
6. The method for manufacturing a fuel rod of claim 5, wherein the binder is a humic acid binder.
7. A fuel rod obtained by the method for producing a fuel rod according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN105925336B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2018-10-26 | 陕西聚泰新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass composite fuel of high burning efficiency and preparation method thereof |
| CN106590791A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 神雾环保技术股份有限公司 | Semi-coke powder molding method |
| CN108342238A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-07-31 | 迁安市福安达商贸有限责任公司 | A kind of formula and preparation method thereof of combustion-supporting coal briquette bond |
| CN107099353A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-08-29 | 石家庄神力新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of complex biological matter fuel preparation method |
| CN109868171A (en) * | 2017-12-02 | 2019-06-11 | 徐州市贾汪区羡人工贸有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly biomass fuel and processing method |
| CN108587713A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-09-28 | 合肥嘉仕诚能源科技有限公司 | A kind of novel biomass granular fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109294671A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-01 | 定远县碧蓝山新能源有限公司 | A kind of environmental-protective and regenerative biomass fuel |
| CN109370692A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-22 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | A kind of heating tailored version mixture charcoal and preparation method thereof based on stalk pyrolysis-type charcoal |
| CN110804474A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-18 | 内蒙古万众炜业科技环保股份公司 | Manufacturing method for preparing high-viscosity briquette through semi coke and briquette |
| CN112457898A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-09 | 马迅 | Biomass coal clean mixed fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN113444555A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-28 | 太原理工大学 | Coke powder-based clean briquette for cooking and heating and preparation method thereof |
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