CN104126343A - Double-ridge area water and soil conservation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a water and soil conservation method for double ridge belts, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and specifically relates to a water and soil conservation method for preventing and controlling slope surface water and soil loss. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of the existing low mountain and hilly area reclaimed slope farmland along the mountain body. Due to the thin soil layer and soil erosion, the water stress of the farmland is aggravated, the topsoil is peeled off, the erosion ditch damages the farmland, restricts the operation of agricultural machinery, and causes the productivity of the farmland to decline. Difficulty continuing to farm. Methods: 1. Determination of the specifications of the double ridges; 2. Setting out of the double ridges; 3. Determination of the distance between the double ridges; 4. Construction of the double ridges; The water and soil conservation method with double ridges of the invention is suitable for the prevention and control of water and soil loss on sloping cultivated land with serious water and soil loss in low mountain and hilly areas.

Description

Soil and Water Conservation Method in Double Ridge Belt

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular relates to a water and soil conservation method for preventing and controlling slope surface water and soil loss.

Background technique

Soil erosion is one of the major disasters in the world. It destroys land resources, causes productivity decline and siltation; consumes limited water resources, causes disasters such as drought and flood, causes deterioration of ecological environment, and seriously threatens human survival and development. issues of general concern. The problem of soil erosion exists to varying degrees in both developing and developed countries, and it tends to continue to deteriorate. According to the estimates of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the area of land where water and soil erosion occurs is as high as 25 million km ² , accounting for 16.7% of the total land area, and 26 billion tons of soil is lost every year. The area of soil erosion in China is 3.56 million km ² , accounting for one-third of the country's land area. Soil erosion has become one of the most important causes of land degradation, seriously threatening precious topsoil resources and sustainable development of society.

The Northeast Black Soil Region is the most important grain producing area and the largest commercial grain base in my country, responsible for more than 50% of the grain demand of the urban population in my country. However, serious degradation of black soil has occurred in this area, especially water and soil erosion, which has exacerbated soil degradation, damaged farmland, seriously damaged the sustainable development of black soil agriculture, and threatened the status of commercial grain base in Northeast China. At present, the area of water and soil erosion in the northeast black soil area is 276,000 km ² , accounting for 26.8% of the total land area. It mainly occurs in the reclaimed sloping farmland, and the water and soil erosion is still developing, with increasing intensity and expanding area; resulting in thinning of the black soil layer; The number, depth and width of erosion trenches tend to increase. The Northeast Black Soil Region is listed by the state as one of the three regions that urgently need to be governed. Therefore, strengthening the construction of soil and water conservation on sloping farmland in the black soil area of Northeast China, which accounts for more than 60% of the farmland area, and improving the soil fertility of black soil sloping farmland are fundamental to ensuring the sustainable development of black soil farmland and realizing the capacity building of increasing grain production.

At present, all countries in the world are discussing control measures, especially in black soil erosion areas in my country, and it will become a trend in the future to adopt low-cost and effective control methods. The management of sloping cultivated land mainly adopts engineering measures such as terraces, ridge plant belts and ridge modification to shorten the slope length of the surface runoff on the slope surface, relevel the slope of the ridge, and intercept the surface runoff layer by layer; prolong the runoff travel distance and increase the infiltration time. The main goal is to reduce soil loss, increase soil moisture, and achieve soil and water conservation by reducing surface runoff and prolonging the time of surface runoff flow. A set of effective technologies and technologies for soil and water conservation on sloping farmland in the black soil region of Northeast China has been formed. The model was incorporated into the "Technical Standards for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Water and Soil Erosion in Black Soil Areas" (SL446-2009) promulgated by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2009.

The Northeast is mainly composed of the three major plains of Songnen, Sanjiang and Liaohe, and the three major mountain ranges of Changbai Mountain, Daxinganling and Xiaoxinganling. The cultivated land is mainly concentrated in the three major plains, except for the Manchuan Mangang black soil area in the central and northern part of the Songnen Plain, where the slopes are mostly below 7 degrees. Except for the cultivated land, the cultivated land in other plain areas is relatively flat. After the founding of New China, forests were deforested excessively, the original forests in the three major mountain ranges were completely cut down, and a large amount of farmland was reclaimed in the low mountain and hilly areas. , mostly at 10cm to 30cm, the lower layer is weathered stone or gravel, the soil erosion is more serious, the gully density is high, the soil erosion intensity is high, mountain torrents often occur, and in some places even mudslides occur. These mountainous areas are inhabited by local farmers and forest farms of the forest industry system. At present, the state has implemented a natural protection project and completely banned logging. Planting crops has become their main source of livelihood. On the one hand, the land is getting thinner and thinner, and some of it can no longer be cultivated; on the other hand It is difficult for local residents to find other ways of survival; in addition, the national food security is not optimistic, and it is difficult to withdraw this part of cultivated land for forest and grassland. Therefore, the road of sustainable agricultural development in low mountain and hilly areas is the only way out. We can only implement the ecological construction of farmland water and soil conservation, and carry out agricultural production on the basis of water and soil resources protection.

Muling City, Heilongjiang Province is located in the Laoyeling Mountains of the Changbai Mountains. There are many mountains and waters in the area, and the landform is characterized by "nine mountains, half water and half fields". Although it is located in a mountainous area, the agricultural population accounts for 56% of the total population, and the existing cultivated land area is 783,000 mu. , 90% of which are sloping cultivated land, surface erosion and gully erosion are one of the most serious areas in the black soil region of Northeast China, and mountain torrents frequently occur, causing railway outages and road interruptions. One of the urban areas was flooded and trains were suspended for 3 days. Every year, part of the cultivated land is exposed and abandoned. Serious water and soil loss has attracted great attention from the local government, and soil and water conservation ecological construction has been listed as the top project. In more than 20 years of practice, an alternative technology to build terraces that is difficult to build due to the thin mountain soil layer has been explored. Based on the composite plant belt, Independently innovated and developed the water and soil conservation technology of double ridge belts, taking into account water and soil conservation and proper drainage, effectively controlling the soil and water loss of hillside farmland, and providing an effective model for the comprehensive control of soil and water loss in low mountain and hilly areas in the black soil region of Northeast China. It can be popularized and applied in slope cultivated land in mountainous areas of our country.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of the existing low mountain and hilly area reclaimed along the slope of the mountain, because the soil layer is thin (<30cm), the slope is relatively large (more than 5 °), water and soil loss causes aggravation of the water stress of the cultivated land, stripping of the topsoil, and erosion of the ditch It can damage the farmland, restrict the operation of agricultural machinery, cause the productivity of the farmland to drop, and even make it difficult to continue farming, so a method of water and soil conservation with double ridges is provided.

The soil and water conservation method of the double ridge zone is specifically completed according to the following steps:

1. Determination of the specifications of the double ridge belt: build two ridges to ensure parallelism, and the sections of the two ridges are the same, the top width of the ridge is a, the unit is m, the bottom width of the ridge is A, the unit is m, the height of the ridge is H, the unit m, distance B between two ridges, unit m;

The ridge top width a=0.5m described in step one; the bottom width A=1.7m of the ridge described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; The distance between two ridges B=1m;

2. Ridge line setting: at the highest point in the middle of the sloping farmland, set the first line according to the ratio of 1/200 to 1/300, take the big bend as the trend, and the small bend as straight, place marker piles at intervals of 30m, and make the turns denser Mark piles up to 10m;

3. Determination of the distance between the double ridges: design according to the runoff coefficient of 0.7 for the runoff coefficient of the 6-hour rainstorm once in ten years, according to the maximum rainstorm in the 6-hour period of the decade, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, and the height of the ridge Calculate the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare based on the cross-sectional area of the ridge, and then divide the area per hectare by the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare to obtain the distance between the double-ridge belts;

① The 6-hour maximum rainstorm H ₆ is calculated and obtained from local historical meteorological data once in ten years;

② To determine the runoff per hectare, use the following formula:

W＝H ₆ SC _r

In the formula:

W—is the runoff per hectare,

H ₆ — is the 6-hour maximum rainstorm once in ten years,

S—ha area of 10,000 square meters,

C _r —runoff coefficient, take 0.7,

③For the calculation of flood retention per extended meter, use the formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; As</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; B</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}$

In the formula:

Q—Flood retention per extended meter, unit m ³ ,

H—the height of the ridge, in m,

S—the tangent value of the original ground slope, tgα, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, α, °,

As—cross-sectional area of the ridge, the specifications of the ridge to be repaired are: the top width of the ridge a, in m, the bottom width of the ridge A, in m, the height of the ridge H, in m,

④The length of the double ridge belt to be built per hectare is calculated using the formula:

L=W/Q

In the formula:

L—is the length of the double ridge belt built per hectare, in m,

Q—is the flood retention capacity of the double ridge belt per extended meter, unit m ³ ,

W—runoff per hectare, unit m ³ ,

⑤ The calculation of the distance I between the double ridge belts is calculated according to the formula:

I=S/L

In the formula:

I—is the distance between double ridges, in m,

S—is 10,000m ² per hectare,

L—is the length of the double ridge strip per hectare, in m;

4. Construction of double ridge belts: After the annual autumn harvest or before spring site preparation and sowing, firstly use the rotary tiller to level the ridge, and then use the chain-rail tractor to pull the ridge plow to set the distance B between the two ridges according to step 1 to build parallel land For the ridge, strip the topsoil of the ridge area manually or mechanically, place it on both sides, build the ridge with raw soil on both sides of the double ridge and between the ridge, and compact it until it reaches the specification set in step 1, that is, the cross-sectional size of the ridge Meet the design standards of upper width a, upper width A, and ridge height H of a single ridge, then restore the topsoil, build a distance D between two ridges of 5-10m, and build a soil retaining perpendicular to the ridge, with an upper width of m, unit m, the width M under the soil retaining, the unit is m, the height of the soil retaining h, the unit is m;

The upper width m=0.2m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the lower width M=0.4m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the height h=0.3m of the earth retaining described in the step 4;

5. Planting of plants with double ridges: plant seedlings on the top of the two ridges in spring;

The seedlings described in step five are herbaceous plants or shrub plants.

The advantages of the present invention are:

One, after the present invention is mainly aimed at the reclamation of the mountain body in the low mountainous area as farmland, for slope greater than 5 °, the slope cultivated land with a soil layer thickness less than 30cm, according to the "Technical Standards for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Water and Soil Erosion in Black Soil Areas" (SL446-2009) issued by the Ministry of Water Resources, Terraces should be built on 5°-15° sloping cultivated land. Because there are weathered stones and large gravels under the soil layer, horizontal terraces cannot be built, only slope terraces can be built. To build sloping terraced fields requires digging soil to build ridges, but because the lower layer is made of weathered stones and large gravels, it is difficult to dig. Even if some parts can be excavated, the terraced ridges built with weathered stones have weak ability to intercept runoff and are easy to be washed away. Soil and water conservation workers in Muling City, Heilongjiang Province, through more than 20 years of practice, integrated ridge and terrace technologies, and innovatively developed this double ridge belt technology. On the basis of shallow excavation, two ridges and a ditch were built to replace terraced fields It has good water and soil conservation effect and has been applied gradually. It has been implemented on more than 100,000 mu and has been applied in low mountain and hilly areas of other counties and cities.

Two, the present invention rarely organically combines water retention and drainage in the construction of water and soil conservation. In the current soil and water conservation technology for sloping cultivated land, changing ridges, ridge plant belts and terraced fields, etc. are all by reducing the slope of the surface runoff flow direction, so that Ridges block runoff to increase surface water infiltration time to retain water, and reduce surface runoff velocity to reduce soil loss. On the other hand, the slope of the farmland reclaimed on the upper slope is relatively large, and the single-field and terraced ridges built can play a good role in water retention most of the time. Thrust, form waterline, and create erosion ditch. The construction of double ridge belts can block the surface runoff at ordinary times. In case of heavy rain, the surface runoff overflows the first ridge on the upper part, enters the ditch between the double ridge belts, flows along the small slope of the ditch, and is built in the ditch perpendicular to the The space between the double ridges is blocked by soil ridges, which reduces the flow velocity and scour force, and slowly drains into the erosion ditch, and flows out of the field surface, so as to achieve no or small erosion on the slope.

3. The present invention is a new model of returning farmland to forests. Water and water conservation plants are planted on the double ridge belt after construction, mostly shrubs. The cultivated land on the slope of the mountain after treatment is planted at intervals of 20 to 40m on the basis of contour planting. The parallel double ridge belts are covered by shrubs to form tree belts, and in the middle of the tree belts are farmlands for sustainable planting of water conservation and ecology. After treatment, the double ridge zone (forest land) occupies 10-20% of the land and 80-90% of the farmland in the mountain slope farming area.

Four, the present invention is based on mechanical operation, supplemented by manual operation, relatively simple operation, low engineering cost, simple and easy to implement.

5. The water and soil conservation technology of the present invention is continuously summed up and innovated in the comprehensive control of soil and water loss in Muling City, Heilongjiang Province. It is not only suitable for the low mountainous areas in Northeast China, but also can be applied in the ecological construction of water and soil conservation in other similar mountainous areas in my country. The new model of high-quality and sustainable use of farmland construction in low mountainous areas is of great significance to the construction of national grain production capacity.

The water and soil conservation method with double ridges of the invention is suitable for the prevention and control of water and soil loss on sloping cultivated land with serious water and soil loss in low mountain and hilly areas.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transverse section of a double ridge belt in a specific embodiment, wherein a represents the top width of the single ridge in the double ridge belt, A represents the bottom width of the single ridge in the double ridge belt, and B represents the width of the two ridges H represents the height of the single ridge in the double-ridge belt, α represents the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, and O represents the surface of the original slope.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.

Specific embodiment one: in conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of double ridge belt soil and water conservation method of the present embodiment is specifically completed according to the following steps:

1. Determination of the specifications of the double ridge belt: build two ridges to ensure parallelism, and the sections of the two ridges are the same, the top width of the ridge is a, the unit is m, the bottom width of the ridge is A, the unit is m, the height of the ridge is H, the unit m, distance B between two ridges, unit m;

The ridge top width a=0.5m described in step one; the bottom width A=1.7m of the ridge described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; The distance between two ridges B=1m;

2. Ridge line setting: at the highest point in the middle of the sloping farmland, set the first line according to the ratio of 1/200 to 1/300, take the big bend as the trend, and the small bend as straight, place marker piles at intervals of 30m, and make the turns denser Mark piles up to 10m;

3. Determination of the distance between the double ridges: design according to the runoff coefficient of 0.7 for the runoff coefficient of the 6-hour rainstorm once in ten years, according to the maximum rainstorm in the 6-hour period of the decade, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, and the height of the ridge Calculate the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare based on the cross-sectional area of the ridge, and then divide the area per hectare by the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare to obtain the distance between the double-ridge belts;

① The 6-hour maximum rainstorm H ₆ is calculated and obtained from local historical meteorological data once in ten years;

② To determine the runoff per hectare, use the following formula:

W＝H ₆ SC _r

In the formula:

W—is the runoff per hectare,

H ₆ — is the 6-hour maximum rainstorm once in ten years,

S—ha area of 10,000 square meters,

C _r —runoff coefficient, take 0.7,

③For the calculation of flood retention per extended meter, use the formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; As</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; B</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}$

In the formula:

Q—Flood retention per extended meter, unit m ³ ,

H—the height of the ridge, in m,

S—the tangent value of the original ground slope, tgα, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, α, °,

As—cross-sectional area of the ridge, the specifications of the ridge to be repaired are: the top width of the ridge a, in m, the bottom width of the ridge A, in m, the height of the ridge H, in m,

④The length of the double ridge belt to be built per hectare is calculated using the formula:

L=W/Q

In the formula:

L—is the length of the double ridge belt built per hectare, in m,

Q—is the flood retention capacity of the double ridge belt per extended meter, unit m ³ ,

W—runoff per hectare, unit m ³ ,

⑤ The calculation of the distance I between the double ridge belts is calculated according to the formula:

I=S/L

In the formula:

I—is the distance between double ridges, in m,

S—is 10,000m ² per hectare,

L—is the length of the double ridge strip per hectare, in m;

4. Construction of double ridge belts: After the annual autumn harvest or before spring site preparation and sowing, firstly use the rotary tiller to level the ridge, and then use the chain-rail tractor to pull the ridge plow to set the distance B between the two ridges according to step 1 to build parallel land For the ridge, strip the topsoil of the ridge area manually or mechanically, place it on both sides, build the ridge with raw soil on both sides of the double ridge and between the ridge, and compact it until it reaches the specification set in step 1, that is, the cross-sectional size of the ridge Meet the design standards of upper width a, upper width A, and ridge height H of a single ridge, then restore the topsoil, build a distance D between two ridges of 5-10m, and build a soil retaining perpendicular to the ridge, with an upper width of m, unit m, the width M under the soil retaining, the unit is m, the height of the soil retaining h, the unit is m;

The upper width m=0.2m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the lower width M=0.4m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the height h=0.3m of the earth retaining described in the step 4;

5. Planting of plants with double ridges: plant seedlings on the top of the two ridges in spring;

The seedlings described in step five are herbaceous plants or shrub plants.

In the second step of this embodiment, in the double ridge belt section where the big bend is in the right position and the small bend is straight, special attention should be paid to the change of gradient. In the small water collection line or low-lying place, earthwork should be manually or mechanically filled to form water dustpan, convex Excavation shall be increased in the starting part to ensure unimpeded drainage; at the intersection of the double ridge belt and the operation road and erosion ditch, the slope shall be appropriately increased and the line shall be straight to ensure smooth drainage and reduce the scouring pressure of the road surface or the valley .

The purpose of setting out the ridge belt in step 2 of this embodiment is to determine the first double ridge belt baseline for the construction of the double ridge belt.

The determination of the distance between the double ridge belts in step 3 of this embodiment is to determine the construction positions of the double ridge belts on the whole slope.

The construction of double ridge belts in the step 4 of the present embodiment is aimed at utilizing the main body of machinery to build the double ridge belts, and then assisting the construction of the standard double ridge belts manually.

The planting purpose of the double ridge zone plants in step 5 of the present embodiment is to plant the ridge zone plants on the built double ridge zone.

Watering within one month after planting in step 5 of the present embodiment, artificial weeding in the first year.

In the fifth step of this embodiment, alfalfa is artificially planted at the ridges of the double ridges and in the ditch between the ridges to consolidate the soil, and the produced pasture is harvested and fed to livestock and poultry.

The working process in this embodiment: after the low hillside cultivated land is transformed into ridges along the contour line, the double ridge belts with a ratio of 1/200-1/300 are built at intervals in order to prevent water and soil erosion of 6-hour rainstorm intensity once every ten years. Plants with good soil and water conservation, high economic benefits, and herbicide resistance are planted on the double ridge belt. After the implementation, the slope farmland has realized the planting of contour strips, which are separated by strips of shrubs surrounding the mountain. , shorten the runoff slope length, greatly extend the surface runoff path, increase the infiltration time, and reduce soil erosion; in case of heavy rain, the runoff has a short formation time and a large flow rate, and it will be drained and eroded through the artificial channel between the double ridge belts Ditch or drainage ditch, flowing out of the field surface. With the prolongation of the years, the water-conserving economic plants on the double-ridge belt enter the lush growth period, the effect of water and soil conservation is enhanced, and the economic benefits are gradually improved. It can slow down the flow rate of runoff, filter sediment, and reduce the outflow of farmland pollutants.

Specific embodiment two: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment one is: the seedlings described in the step five are cypress, Aralia longifolia, raspberry, Acanthopanax short stems, black currant, wolfberry, hazelnut or Amorpha. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

When the seedlings are Acanthopanax short stems, the planting distance is 0.5m.

When the seedlings are black currants, the planting distance is 0.5m.

When the seedlings are hazelnuts, the planting distance is 1.5m.

When the seedlings are Aralia changbai, the planting distance is 1.0m.

When the seedlings are cypresses, the planting distance is 0.4m×0.4m.

When the seedlings are Amorpha fruticosa, the planting distance is 0.2m×0.2m.

When the seedlings are raspberries, the planting distance is 1.0m.

Specific embodiment three: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment one or two is: in the step 4, after the annual autumn harvest or before the spring field preparation and sowing, use the excavator to set the spacing B of the two ridges in step 1 to build parallel Ridge. Others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.

Adopt the following examples to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:

Test 1: As shown in Figure 1, the soil and water conservation method of the double ridge zone is completed according to the following steps:

In the small watershed of Dazhai Mountain, Muling City, Heilongjiang Province, the implementation plot No. 29, slope cultivated land, the average slope is 10°, the area is 26hm ² , the slope length is 200m, the slope is northward, and the slope shape is flat.

1. Determination of the specifications of the double ridge belt: build two ridges to ensure parallelism, and the sections of the two ridges are the same, the top width of the ridge is a, the unit is m, the bottom width of the ridge is A, the unit is m, the height of the ridge is H, the unit m, distance B between two ridges, unit m;

The ridge top width a=0.5m described in step one; the bottom width A=1.7m of the ridge described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; The distance between two ridges B=1m;

2. Ridge belt setting: at the highest end of the middle part of the sloping cultivated land, set the baseline of the first double ridge belt according to the gradient of 1/200, make the big bend straight and the small bend straight, place marker piles at intervals of 30m, and increase density at the turns to 10m;

3. Determination of the distance between the double ridges: design according to the runoff coefficient of 0.7 for the runoff coefficient of the 6-hour rainstorm once in ten years, according to the maximum rainstorm in the 6-hour period of the decade, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, and the height of the ridge Calculate the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare based on the cross-sectional area of the ridge, and then divide the area per hectare by the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare to obtain the distance between the double-ridge belts;

① The 6-hour maximum rainstorm H ₆ is calculated and obtained from local historical meteorological data once in ten years;

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; K</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\stackrel{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.77</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 35</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 62</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; mm</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ;</span>$

K _p — is the rainfall modulus coefficient, dimensionless,

— is the annual average 6-hour maximum rainstorm, in mm,

② To determine the runoff per hectare, use the following formula:

W=H ₆ SC _r ＝0.062×10000×0.7＝434m ³

In the formula:

W—is the runoff per hectare,

H ₆ — is the 6-hour maximum rainstorm once in ten years,

S—ha area of 10,000 square meters,

C _r —runoff coefficient, take 0.7,

③For the calculation of flood retention per extended meter, use the formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; As</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; B</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; [</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.6</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.178</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.7</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.6</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ]</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.6</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.0</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.6</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.64</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}}$

In the formula:

Q—Flood retention per extended meter, unit m ³ ,

H—the height of the ridge, in m,

S—the tangent value of the original ground slope, tgα, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located is α=10°, tg10°=0.178,

As—cross-sectional area of the ridge, the specifications of the ridge to be repaired are: the top width of the ridge a, in m, the bottom width of the ridge A, in m, the height of the ridge H, in m,

④The length of the double ridge belt to be built per hectare is calculated using the formula:

L=W/Q=434/1.64=264.6m

In the formula:

L—is the length of the double ridge belt built per hectare, in m,

Q—is the flood retention capacity of the double ridge belt per extended meter, unit m ³ ,

W—runoff per hectare, unit m ³ ,

⑤ The calculation of the distance I between the double ridge belts is calculated according to the formula:

I=S/L=10000/264.6=37.8m

In the formula:

I—is the distance between double ridges, in m,

S—is 10,000m ² per hectare,

L—is the length of the double ridge strip per hectare, in m;

4. Construction of double ridge belts: After the annual autumn harvest or before spring site preparation and sowing, firstly use the rotary tiller to level the ridge, and then use the chain-rail tractor to pull the ridge plow to set the distance B between the two ridges according to step 1 to build parallel land For the ridge, strip the topsoil of the ridge area manually or mechanically, place it on both sides, build the ridge with raw soil on both sides of the double ridge and between the ridge, and compact it until it reaches the specification set in step 1, that is, the cross-sectional size of the ridge Reach the design standards of upper width a, upper width A, and ridge height H of a single ridge, then restore the surface soil, and build a soil retaining with a distance D of 8m between the two ridges, perpendicular to the ridge, and the upper width of the soil retaining m, unit m, Soil retaining width M, unit m, soil retaining height h, unit m;

The upper width m=0.2m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the lower width M=0.4m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the height h=0.3m of the earth retaining described in the step 4;

5. Planting of plants with double ridges: plant short-stemmed Acanthopanax on the top of the two ridges in spring, with a planting distance of 0.5m;

Water within one month after planting in step 5 of this test, and weed manually in the first year.

The working process in this experiment: the highest point elevation of Dazhai Mountain in Muling City, Heilongjiang Province is 523m, the lowest point elevation is 279m, and the relative height difference is 252m. The base year for implementation is 2012. After the low hillside cultivated land is reformed along the contour line, according to the prevention of water and soil loss caused by the 6-hour rainstorm once in ten years, the double-ridge belt with a ratio of 1/200 will be built at intervals, and the double-ridge belt will be built at intervals. The short-stalked thorns with good soil and water conservation, high economic benefits and resistance to farmland herbicides are planted on the top. After the implementation, a total of 5124m of double ridges will be built on the sloping farmland, occupying 8.1% of the farmland, and the contour planting has been realized. , separated by a 37.8m interval of shrub belts around the mountain, the slope runoff length was shortened from 200m to 37.8m, and the surface runoff path was extended to 1200m, which increased the infiltration time and reduced soil erosion; Ridge belt damage.

In this experiment, the base year for the implementation of water and soil conservation technology in the double ridge zone was 2012. By June 2014, the economical plant for soil and water conservation, Acanthopanax acanthus, had grown to a height of 0.5m, with 3 branches, and entered into lush growth. During the period, the effect of water and soil conservation was strengthened, and the economic benefits were gradually improved. The artificial channel between the double ridge belts was covered by weeds, which played the role of a hedgerow, which could slow down the runoff velocity, filter the sediment, and reduce the outflow of farmland pollutants. The effect is still good, meeting the design requirements, water and soil conservation has reached a high standard of 95%, and the construction task of soil and water conservation farmland has been completed.

Claims (3)

1. The double ridge zone water and soil conservation method is characterized in that the double ridge zone water and soil conservation method is completed in the following steps: 1. Determination of the specifications of the double ridge belt: build two ridges to ensure parallelism, and the sections of the two ridges are the same, the top width of the ridge is a, the unit is m, the bottom width of the ridge is A, the unit is m, the height of the ridge is H, the unit m, distance B between two ridges, unit m; The ridge top width a=0.5m described in step one; the bottom width A=1.7m of the ridge described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; the ridge height H=0.6m described in step one; The distance between two ridges B=1m; 2. Ridge line setting: at the highest point in the middle of the sloping farmland, set the first line according to the ratio of 1/200 to 1/300, take the big bend as the trend, and the small bend as straight, place marker piles at intervals of 30m, and make the turns denser Mark piles up to 10m; 3. Determination of the distance between the double ridges: design according to the runoff coefficient of 0.7 for the runoff coefficient of the 6-hour rainstorm once in ten years, according to the maximum rainstorm in the 6-hour period of the decade, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, and the height of the ridge Calculate the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare based on the cross-sectional area of the ridge, and then divide the area per hectare by the length of the double-ridge belt per hectare to obtain the distance between the double-ridge belts; ① The 6-hour maximum rainstorm H ₆ is calculated and obtained from local historical meteorological data once in ten years; ② To determine the runoff per hectare, use the following formula: W＝H ₆ SC _r In the formula: W—is the runoff per hectare, H ₆ — is the 6-hour maximum rainstorm once in ten years, S—ha area of 10,000 square meters, C _r —runoff coefficient, take 0.7, ③For the calculation of flood retention per extended meter, use the formula: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; As</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; B</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}$ In the formula: Q—Flood retention per extended meter, unit m ³ /m, H—the height of the ridge, in m, S—the tangent value of the original ground slope, tgα, the slope of the slope where the ridge is located, α, °, As—cross-sectional area of the ridge, the specifications of the ridge to be repaired are: the top width of the ridge a, in m, the bottom width of the ridge A, in m, the height of the ridge H, in m, ④The length of the double ridge belt to be built per hectare is calculated using the formula: L=W/Q In the formula: L—is the length of the double ridge belt built per hectare, in m, Q—is the flood retention capacity of the double ridge belt per extended meter, unit m ³ , W—runoff per hectare, unit m ³ , ⑤ The calculation of the distance I between the double ridge belts is calculated according to the formula: I=S/L In the formula: I—is the distance between double ridges, in m, S—is 10,000m ² per hectare, L—is the length of the double ridge strip per hectare, in m; 4. Construction of double ridge belts: After the annual autumn harvest or before spring site preparation and sowing, first use the rotary tiller to level the ridge, and then use the chain-rail tractor to pull the ridge plow to set the distance B between the two ridges according to step 1 to build parallel land For the ridge, use manual or mechanical stripping of the topsoil in the ridge building area, place it on both sides, build the ridge with raw soil on both sides of the double ridge and between the ridge and compact it until it reaches the specifications set in step 1, that is, the cross-sectional size of the ridge Reach the design standards of upper width a, upper width A, and ridge height H of a single ridge, then restore the topsoil, build a distance D between two ridges of 5-10m, and build a soil retaining perpendicular to the ridge, the upper width of the soil retaining m, unit m, the width M under the soil retaining, the unit is m, the height of the soil retaining h, the unit is m; The upper width m=0.2m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the lower width M=0.4m of the soil retaining described in the step 4; the height h=0.3m of the earth retaining described in the step 4; 5. Planting of plants with double ridges: plant seedlings on the top of the two ridges in spring; The nursery stock described in the step 5 is a herbaceous plant or a shrub plant. 2. The method for water and soil conservation in double ridges according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings described in step 5 are cypress, Aralia longifolia, raspberry, Acanthopanax short stems, black currant, Chinese wolfberry, large Fruit hazelnut or amorpha. 3. The method for water and soil conservation with double ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4, after the annual autumn harvest or before planting in spring, use an excavator to set the spacing B of two ridges in step 1 to build parallel Ridge.