CN112385348B - The method of using reed to block salt and discharge salt to control high salinity soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating high saline-alkali soil by using salt inhibition and salt elimination of reeds. In order to fill up the blank of the prior art, according to the method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of the reed, the reed stems are horizontally buried in the soil on two sides of the salt discharge ditch, and the root parts of the reed stems are exposed out of the side wall of the salt discharge ditch. In spring, the soil is dry and has large wind, and the salt content of the soil cannot be reduced by an irrigation salt washing method because the soil is lack of fresh water. However, the reed rod of the invention can continuously lead out the high-salt water in the soil according to the capillary principle, and evaporate and separate out saline-alkali particles or powder at the root of the reed, thereby reducing the salt content in the soil. By the design, the salt discharge capacity of the existing salt discharge ditch is enhanced, the content of the salt and alkali in the soil in the strong reverse salt period is reduced, the growth of crops is facilitated, and the salt and alkali content in the soil can be continuously reduced. The method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using the salt resistance and the salt discharge of the reed is simple to operate, can effectively resist the salt, can continuously discharge the salt without irrigation and salt washing, and is suitable for comprehensive treatment of the high saline-alkali soil.

Description

The method of using reed to block salt and discharge salt to control high salinity soil

technical field

The invention relates to a method for treating high-saline-alkali soil by utilizing reeds to block salt and discharge salt.

Background technique

Saline-alkali soil is a general term for salinized soil, alkaline soil, saline soil and alkaline soil. Soil salinization has seriously affected agricultural production and social and economic development in my country, so it is very important to manage and restore saline-alkali land. Although measures such as replacing foreign soil, adding chemical modifiers and planting salt-tolerant plants can reduce the salinity in the soil, under the long-term action of groundwater, the salinity re-accumulates on the surface, resulting in secondary salinization of the soil.

my country's agricultural water conservancy technicians, through years of exploration and practice, have invented the technology of excavating salt drainage ditches and irrigating water to suppress salt, and achieved good results. But this method relies heavily on freshwater sources or natural rainfall. From April to June every year, the soil has a strong anti-salt period, and the soil salinity will only decrease when the rainfall increases from May to September. The prior art lacks a technology that can drain salt during water-scarce seasons.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to fill the above-mentioned gaps in the prior art, and provide a method for treating high-saline-alkali land by using reeds to block salt and discharge salt.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the method of utilizing reed to block salt and discharge salt to control high salinity soil comprises the following steps:

①. First use bulldozers to preliminarily level the high-saline-alkali land to be treated;

②. Plan on the high-salinity-alkali land to be treated, and excavate multiple drainage ditches. All drainage ditches are more than one meter deep and connected to each other to form a drainage ditch network and communicate with adjacent rivers, lakes or low-lying land. ,

③. A number of salt drainage ditches are planned on the land between each drainage ditches. The above salt drainage ditches are arranged evenly and at intervals on both sides of each drainage ditches and perpendicularly intersect with the corresponding drainage ditches.

It is characterized by:

④. Find the middle line of the planned salt drain ditch, use grass ash or white ash or other powdery markers to sprinkle the marking line on the middle line, cut or purchase a sufficient amount of reed poles, spare; after the equipped bulldozer Side-mounted rear bulldozer,

⑤. Use the front bulldozer of the bulldozer on both sides of the marked line, and in a direction parallel to the marked line, push the surface soil 30-40 cm below the surface of the highly saline-alkali land to expose the soil below. The distance to the nearest side of the front bulldozer is controlled within the range of 30-50 cm. During the advance of the bulldozer, part of the soil in front of the front bulldozer is squeezed to the center line of the corresponding planned salt drain ditch and covered on the marked line. form a marker to replace the soil ridge,

Lay 3-5 cm thick reed poles on the exposed soil. When laying, make the reed poles perpendicular to the salt drain ditch, and the roots of the reed poles are close to the middle line of the corresponding salt drain ditch.

⑥. After the bulldozer moves forward 20-30 meters, the bulldozer raises the front bulldozer, then moves forward and climbs over the mound formed in front of it, and then reverses the vehicle, and uses the rear bulldozer to level the mound and cover it on the pavement. on the good reeds,

⑦. Repeat steps ⑤ and ⑥ until reed poles are embedded on both sides of the planned middle line of the salt drain ditch.

⑧. Substitute soil ridges along the mark, and excavate corresponding salt drain ditches. The width of all salt drain ditches should be controlled within 0.6-1 m, and the maximum depth should be controlled within the range of 0.5-0.7 m. The roots of the reed poles on the side are exposed to the side walls of the corresponding salt drain ditch, and the excavated marks are replaced by the soil ridge and the soil below, and placed on the outer edges of the soil on both sides of the corresponding salt drain ditch to form a water retaining weir. They are all connected with the drainage ditch, and the accumulated water can be drained into the drainage ditch;

⑨. Then plant crops on the land between each drainage ditches and salt drainage ditches. During this period, the reed poles are buried in the high-saline-alkali soil, and the moist high-saline-alkali water is continuously drawn out through the capillary principle. At the root, the water of high-saline-alkali water evaporates continuously, and salt-alkali granules or powders are precipitated. When more salt-alkali granules or powders are found in the salt discharge ditch, they should be collected together with a broom and dustpan, and then recycled or disposed of harmlessly.

In the invention, the reed poles are horizontally buried in the soil on both sides of the salt drain ditch, and the roots of the reed poles are exposed to the side walls of the salt drain ditch. In spring, the wind is strong and dry, and there is a lack of fresh water. It is impossible to irrigate and wash the salt to reduce the soil salinity. However, the reed stalks in the present invention can continuously draw out the high salt water in the soil according to the capillary principle, and evaporate and precipitate salt-alkali particles or powders at the roots of the reed, thereby reducing the salinity in the soil. This design enhances the salt discharge capacity of the existing salt discharge ditch, reduces the salinity and alkali content in the soil during the strong anti-salt period, is more conducive to the growth of crops, and can continuously reduce the salinity and alkali content in the soil.

Because there are few soil microorganisms in the high salinity soil, it takes a long time for the reeds buried in the soil to completely rot into mud.

As an optimization, the distance between the middle lines of adjacent salt drain ditches is 20-60 meters. This design has a good salt discharge effect, and at the same time, the reeds isolate most of the contact between the surface cultivated soil and the deep soil, and the salt blocking effect is good.

The method of using reeds to block salt and discharge salt to treat high-saline-alkali soil is simple in operation, can effectively block salt, and can continuously discharge salt without relying on irrigation and washing, and is suitable for comprehensive treatment of high-saline-alkali soil.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the method that the present invention utilizes reed to block salt, discharge salt to control high salinity soil is further described:

Fig. 1 is the 5th step bulldozer bulldozing of the method of using reeds to block salt and discharge salt to control high-salinity-alkali land, and lay a schematic diagram of reed poles (note: the arrow direction in Fig. 1, 2 is the direction of the bulldozer's travel);

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the method of utilizing reeds to block salt and discharge salt to treat high-salinity-alkali soil in step 6, the bulldozer is reversed, the soil mound is pushed horizontally, and is covered on the reed pole;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the salt drain ditch formed in step 8 of the method of using reeds to block salt and discharge salt to treat high-salinity-alkali land (before step 8 of this method, the salt drain ditch was only planned, not actually excavated ).

In the figure: 1 is the bulldozer, 2 is the salt drain ditch, 3 is the reed bar, 4 is the rear bulldozing plate, 5 is the front bulldozing plate, 6 is the marker to replace the soil ridge, 7 is the mound, 8 is the water retaining weir, 9 is the horizon.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1-3, this method of utilizing reeds to block salt and discharge salt to treat high-salinity-alkali soil includes the following steps:

①. First use bulldozer 1 to carry out preliminary leveling of the high-saline-alkali land to be treated;

②. Plan on the high-salinity-alkali land to be treated, and excavate a number of drainage ditches (not shown in the figure). All drainage ditches are more than one meter deep and connected to each other to form a drainage ditch network, which is connected with the adjacent ones. Connected by river, lake or low-lying land.

③. A plurality of salt drains 2 are planned on the land between each drainage ditches. The above salt drains 2 are evenly arranged on both sides of each drainage ditch at intervals and intersect vertically with the corresponding drainage ditches.

It is characterized by:

④. Find the middle line of the planned salt drainage ditch 2, use plant ash or white ash or other powdery markers to sprinkle a marking line on the middle line (not shown in the figure), cut or purchase a sufficient amount of reed poles 3 , spare; install rear bulldozer 4 on the rear side of the equipped bulldozer 1. This avoids unnecessary turns, U-turns, and reduces fuel consumption.

⑤. As shown in Figure 1, use the front bulldozer 5 of the bulldozer on both sides of the marked line, along the direction parallel to the marked line, to push away the surface soil 30-40 cm below the surface of the highly saline-alkali soil, exposing the soil below , During bulldozing, the distance between the marking line and the nearest side of the front bulldozing plate 5 is controlled within the range of 30-50 cm. During the advancing process of the bulldozer 1, part of the soil in front of the front bulldozing plate 5 is squeezed to the corresponding planned salt drainage ditch 2 on the center line and overlay it on the marked line to form a marked substitute soil ridge 6.

Lay reed poles 3 with a thickness of 3-5 cm on the exposed soil. When laying, make the reed poles 3 perpendicular to the salt drain ditch 2, and the roots of the reed poles 3 are close to the middle line of the corresponding salt drain ditch.

⑥. After the bulldozer 1 moves forward for 20-30 meters, the bulldozer 1 raises the front bulldozer 5, then moves forward and climbs over the mound 7 formed in front of it, then backs up, and pushes the mound 7 with the rear bulldozer 4 It is flat and covered on the paved reed pole 3, as shown in Figure 2.

⑦. Repeat steps ⑤ and ⑥ until reed poles 3 are embedded on both sides of the planned salt drain 2 middle line.

⑧. Substitute soil ridge 6 along the mark, excavate the corresponding salt drain ditch 2, control the width of all salt drain ditch 2 to 0.6-1m, and control the maximum depth within the range of 0.5-0.7m. The roots of the reed poles 3 on both sides of the salt ditch 2 are exposed to the side walls of the corresponding salt drain ditch 2, and the excavated marks are replaced by the soil ridge 6 and the soil below it, and are placed on the outer edges of the soil on both sides of the corresponding salt drain ditch 2, forming a The water retaining weirs 8 and all the salt drain ditches 2 are communicated with the drainage ditches, and the accumulated water can be discharged into the drainage ditches, as shown in FIG. 3 .

⑨. Then, crops can be planted on the land between each drainage ditch and salt drainage ditch 2. During this period, the reed 3 is buried in the high-saline-alkali soil, and the moist high-saline-alkali water is continuously drawn out through the capillary principle. At the 3 roots of the reed stalks, the high-saline-alkali water continuously evaporates, and the salt-alkali granules or powders are precipitated. When more salt-alkali granules or powders are found in the salt-draining ditch, they should be collected together with a broom and dustpan, and then recycled or reused. Harmful treatment. The distance between the middle lines of adjacent salt drain ditches 2 is 20-60 meters.

The invention plays the role of a capillary suction pipe through the reed rods 3 buried on both sides of the salt discharge ditch, and can effectively discharge salt. The discharge of salt and alkali can increase by more than 30%, especially in spring.

The present invention includes but is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any products that meet the description in the claims fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for treating high saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reed comprises the following steps:

firstly, primarily leveling a high saline-alkali soil to be treated by a bulldozer;

planning on the high saline-alkali soil to be treated, excavating a plurality of drainage ditches, wherein all the drainage ditches are more than one meter deep and are communicated with each other to form a drainage ditch network and are communicated with adjacent rivers, lakes or low-lying lands,

thirdly, a plurality of salt discharge ditches are planned in the land among the drainage ditches, the salt discharge ditches are uniformly arranged on the two sides of each drainage ditch at intervals and are vertically intersected with the corresponding drainage ditches,

the method is characterized in that:

finding out the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch, scattering a marking line on the middle line by plant ash or lime or other powdery markers, and cutting or purchasing a sufficient amount of reed stalks for later use; a rear bulldozer board is additionally arranged at the rear side of the matched bulldozer,

pushing the soil 30-40 cm below the land surface of the high saline-alkali soil to expose the soil below the land surface by using the front soil shifter of the bulldozer in the direction parallel to the marking line, controlling the distance between the marking line and the nearest side of the front soil shifter within the range of 30-50 cm during the pushing process of the bulldozer, extruding the soil in front of the front soil shifter to the central line of the corresponding planned salt discharge ditch and covering the soil on the marking line to form a mark for replacing soil ridge,

laying reed rods with the thickness of 3-5 cm on the exposed soil, wherein when laying, the reed rods are vertical to the salt discharge grooves, the root parts of the reed rods are close to the middle lines of the corresponding salt discharge grooves,

sixthly, after the bulldozer moves forward for 20-30 meters, the bulldozer lifts the front bulldozer board, then moves forward and climbs over the soil pile formed in front of the bulldozer, then backs the bulldozer, pushes the soil pile flat by the rear bulldozer board, and covers the laid reed rods,

seventhly, repeating the fifth step and the sixth step until reed rods are embedded at two sides of the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch,

replacing soil ridges along the marks, excavating corresponding salt discharge ditches, controlling the width of all the salt discharge ditches to be 0.6-1 m, controlling the maximum depth to be within 0.5-0.7 m, and controlling the cross sections to be inverted triangles or inverted trapezoids, exposing the root parts of reed stems at two sides of the salt discharge ditches out of the side walls of the corresponding salt discharge ditches, respectively placing the excavated marks on the outer edges of the soil at two sides of the corresponding salt discharge ditches to form water retaining weirs, and communicating all the salt discharge ditches with drainage ditches and discharging accumulated water into the drainage ditches;

then each escape canal, arrange the salt ditch between the soil plant crops can, the reed pole buries in high saline-alkali soil during, constantly through capillary principle, draw moist high saline and alkaline moisture, at naked reed pole root, high saline and alkaline water moisture constantly evaporates, separates out saline and alkaline granule or powder, when finding the interior more saline and alkaline granule or the powder of forming of salt ditch, collect back together with the broom, the dustpan, recycle or innocent treatment.

2. The method for treating high saline-alkali soil by using reed to resist and discharge salt as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the distance between the middle lines of adjacent salt discharge ditches is 20-60 meters.

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