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CN104024509A - 可分散无纺纤维 - Google Patents

可分散无纺纤维 Download PDF

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CN104024509A
CN104024509A CN201280055420.9A CN201280055420A CN104024509A CN 104024509 A CN104024509 A CN 104024509A CN 201280055420 A CN201280055420 A CN 201280055420A CN 104024509 A CN104024509 A CN 104024509A
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fiber
fibre
dispersibles
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woven fibre
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CN104024509B (zh
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G·W·科林斯
A·P·斯拉特
S·拉巴兰
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Lenzing AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可分散无纺纤维，包括纸浆和溶剂纺制纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述溶剂纺制纤维素纤维经原纤化。此外，本发明涉及所述纤维在干巾、湿巾中的用途。

Description

可分散无纺纤维
本发明涉及可快速分散的吸收性无纺纤维该产品的制造和使用方法。本发明特别涉及一种可快速分散的湿巾，该湿巾可通过标准的厕所系统冲洗并且分解成易分散的碎片，该碎片在处理后生物降解。
非织造织物由术语“无纺”限定。无纺的定义在标准ISO 9092：1988中描述。吸收性无纺纤维包括诸如干巾、湿巾和化妆品用巾以及面膜的材料。它们也可以是用于卫生产品，如内裤衬垫，卫生巾和失禁产品的材料。在这些应用中所使用的无纺纤维应满足欧洲药典的要求。
一次性吸收巾如厕所湿巾提供被消费者极大地赞赏的高水平的便利性、舒适性和功效。然而，这些产品的普及产生了关于它们的处理的需要。用于废弃材料的通用处理方法，如垃圾箱处理后焚烧或填埋，并不方便消费者，特别是使用厕所湿巾时。一种备选的处理方法是将湿巾直接冲入常规的厕所中。将产品冲入厕所，通过机械力分散，并且最终在污水系统生物降解该材料，对消费者更加方便和分散。对于这种处理方法，合适的材料应保持其结构的完整性和强度供使用，但也在冲入厕所时立即分解，而不会造成任何在抽水和排水系统中的堵塞。
这样的产品，如厕所巾是预先湿润的巾。因此，用于这些应用的无纺纤维应在贮存期间的湿状态下保持它们的机械强度和完整性，并能在污水系统生物降解。
可冲洗的湿巾例如由US 5,629,081和EP 1 285 985 A1已知。
本发明的目的是提供一种可分散无纺纤维，该纤维具有良好的抗拉强度，但当冲洗时迅速分解。
通过本发明，提供了一种可分散无纺纤维，其包括纸浆和溶剂纺制纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述溶剂纺制纤维素纤维经原纤化。
特别适合于作为原纤化纤维的起始原料的是溶剂纺制短切纤维素纤维，其长度为2至20mm，优选为3至12mm，最优选4至10mm。溶剂纺制短切纤维的纤度为0.9至6.7dtex，优选为1.3至1.7dtex。
优选的溶剂纺制短切纤维在可分散无纺纤维中存在的量基于该纤维为1-90重量％，优选5-40重量％，最优选10-30重量％。
优选的溶剂纺制短切纤维是莱赛尔(lyocell)纤维，根据氨基氧化过程制造，可例如由US 4,246,221(McCorsley)得知。适合的溶剂纺制纤维以“Tencel”的商品名出售。
可分散无纺纤维重量为30-100g/m2，优选为40-60g/m2的，并且厚度为0.1至0.7mm。
可分散无纺纤维可包含分散助剂，所述分散助剂的量基于所述纤维为0.1至1重量％，优选0.5至1重量％。
为了增加强度，任选地，粘合剂存在的量基于纤维为0.01-5重量％，优选0.1到0.5重量％，优选为丙烯酸树脂或基于表氯醇的树脂的形式，如聚酰胺多胺表氯醇树脂或聚酰胺表氯醇树脂。其他适宜的粘合剂的实例是聚乙烯亚胺树脂和氨基塑料树脂。
任何类型的纸浆都适宜，尤其是是软木纸浆、硬木纸浆或由像麻蕉或竹子的植物制成的纸浆。
根据本发明的可分散无纺纤维，基于60g/m2的基本重量，湿拉伸强度在机器方向上为2至20N/5cm，优选3至13N/5cm，并且最优选3至7N/5cm，并且在横向上为1-10N/5cm，优选1至7N/5cm，并且最优选1至3N/5cm。湿拉伸强度根据EDANA方法WSP110.4(09)“EDANA Method WSP110.4(09)Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Nonwoven Materials(Strip Method)(无纺材料的断裂力和断裂伸长率的标准测试方法(条样法))”进行测量。
一个用于测试一次性巾的性质的标准化测试方法由″EDANA GuidanceDocument for Assessing the Flushability ofNonwoven Consumer Products(用于评估无纺消费品可冲洗能力的EDANA指导文件)″可知。这个测试是用来评估可冲洗产品在其运输通过家庭和市政输送系统(例如，下水管道，泵和提升站)期间的可分散性或物理解体性。这个测试通过在旋转管中湍动的水评估测试材料的分解的比率和程度。该测试的结果用于评价测试的材料与家庭和市政污水输送系统的相容性。该试验方法的原理是，该管的旋转被用来模拟通过家庭污水泵和市政输送系统期间用来分解产品的物理力。在该测试中，产品被放置在含有700毫升自来水或原废水的透明塑料管中，该管翻滚旋转。在指定数量的循环或旋转后，使管中的内容物通过一系列筛网。对保留在筛网上的各种尺寸的部分进行称重，并且确定分解的比率和程度。
当尺寸部分的至少95％通过12mm筛网并且残余物小于5％时，测试材料被分解。
本发明还涉及一种用于生产可分散无纺纤维的方法。根据该湿铺方法，将纸浆分散在水中并且溶剂纺制纤维分散在水中，单独或一起作为混合物。可加入如CMC(羧甲基纤维素)的分散助剂以改善分散质量。使分散液通过磨浆机单独或共同磨浆(refine)。磨浆能为20至400千瓦时/吨，优选为40至150千瓦时/吨。粘合剂溶液可以添加到浆料中。在单独磨浆的情况下，将浆料混合形成紧密共混物，以形成一种浆料。然后将该浆料湿铺，例如，在造纸机上，以形成片材。然后片材通过液力缠结过程(在线的或单独离线的过程)以形成纤维。
图1显示了未原纤化的Tencel(光学显微镜)。原纤化或磨浆是一种湿磨过程，该过程暴露和释放从细丝表面区域显露的原纤丝。随着磨浆进行，更多的原纤丝从细丝释放，并且残留细丝的直径减小(图2：光学显微镜，图3：扫描电子显微镜)。
在进一步的步骤中将纤维切片成适当的形式，折叠和包装。
在包装前可进行用液体或洗剂的处理，优选浸渍。
本发明由下面的实施例展示：
实施例1和实施例2(两者均为对比性)
木浆的混和物制成的湿铺纤维(Camfor木浆，源自生长在加拿大的不列颠哥伦比亚省的云杉和松树的长纤维木浆)与15％的6mm切割长度、短切1.7dtex的Tencel(实施例1)或25％的6mm切割长度、短切1.7dtex的Tencel(实施例2)，未经任何磨浆处理，没有任何额外的添加剂，根据″用于评估无纺消费品可冲洗能力的EDANA指导文件″的一级测试FG511.2-可分散性倾倒管测试，显示出很好的可分散性。根据实施例1，分解的尺寸部分的100％通过12mm、6mm、甚至3mm的筛网，21％残留并且79％通过1.5mm筛网。但在机器方向(MD)和横向(CD)两个方向上，该纤维没有表现出高的机械强度，如表1所示。
实施例3、4和5
木浆(Camfor浆)与25％的6mm切割长度、短切1.7dtex的Tencel的混合物，包括添加0.5％的CMC分散助剂到浆料。在这些试验中，纸浆/Tencel混合物通过串联的1x盘形磨浆机和4x圆锥形磨浆机而磨浆，达到40千瓦时/吨和60千瓦时/吨的水平。丙烯酸干强度树脂以1％加到浆料中(基于干纤维重量)。该纤维是可分散的并且纤维的拉伸强度得到改善(表2)。
实施例6
将80％的木浆(Camfor浆)与20％的6mm切割长度、短切1.7dtex的Tencel的混合物用来制造湿铺纤维。纤维被磨浆到100千瓦时/吨，添加1％的CMC(基于干纤维重量计)作为分散助剂，并且还添加0.5％基于表氯醇的湿强度树脂(基于干纤维重量计)，以增加湿强度(表2)。该纤维是可分散的。
表2
实施例7、8、9和10
75％的木浆(Camfor)与25％的6mm切割长度、短切1.7dtex的Tencel的混合物用于制造湿铺纤维。纤维被磨浆到80千瓦时/吨，添加1％的CMC作为分散助剂，并且还添加表氯醇的湿强度树脂以增加湿强度，浓度为0.05％、0.10％、0.15％和0.20％。在表3中显示的结果表明所有样品均可分散。
根据本发明的纤维可用于干巾和湿巾如化妆巾、美容巾、化妆品用巾、婴儿用巾和用于清洁和填密的消毒巾，以及吸收性卫生用品，例如内裤衬垫、卫生巾和失禁垫。
表3

Claims (19)

1.可分散无纺纤维，其包括纸浆和溶剂纺制纤维素纤维，其特征在于，所述溶剂纺制纤维素纤维经原纤化。
2.根据权利要求1的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，所述原纤化的溶剂纺制纤维素纤维存在的量基于所述纤维为1-90重量％，优选5-40重量％，最优选10-30重量％。
3.根据权利要求1至2的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，所述原纤化的溶剂纺制纤维是莱赛尔纤维。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，所述纤维重量为30-100g/m2，优选为40-60g/m2，并且厚度为0.1至0.7mm。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，所述纤维包括分散助剂，所述分散助剂的量基于所述纤维为0.1至1重量％，优选0.5至1重量％。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，所述纤维包括粘合剂，所述粘合剂的量基于所述纤维为0.01-5重量％，优选0.1-0.5重量％。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，将丙烯酸树脂或基于表氯醇的湿强度树脂用作所述粘合剂。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，所述纸浆是软木纸浆、硬木纸浆或由像麻蕉或竹子的植物制成的纸浆。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，用液体或洗剂浸渍所述纤维。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，所述浸渍的纤维，基于60g/m2的基本重量，湿拉伸强度在机器方向上为2至20N/5cm，优选3至13N/5cm，并且最优选3至7N/5cm，并且在横向上为1-10N/5cm，优选1至7N/5cm，并且最优选1至3N/5cm。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维，其特征在于，依据″用于评估无纺消费品可冲洗能力的EDANA指导文件″的一级测试FG511.2-可分散性倾倒管测试，使所述纤维在搅拌下于水中分解，其中分解的尺寸部分的至少95％通过12mm的筛网。
12.制备根据前述权利要求中任一项的可分散无纺纤维的方法，其包括以下步骤：
a)提供单独的或一起作为混合物的在水中的纸浆分散液和溶剂纺制纤维分散液
b1)单独磨浆这些分散液并且将所得浆料混合成紧密共混物以形成浆料，或
b2)共同磨浆纸浆和溶剂纺制纤维的混合物以形成浆料
c)湿铺所述浆料形成片材
d)液力缠结该片材以形成纤维。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其特征在于将分散剂被添加到在步骤a)的分散液。
14.根据权利要求12或13的方法，其特征在于，在步骤b1)或步骤b2)添加粘合剂。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述磨浆能为20-400千瓦时/吨，优选为40-150千瓦时/吨。
16.根据权利要求12或15任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂纺制纤维是短切纤维，切长为2至20mm，优选3至12mm，最优选4至10mm，并且纤度为0.9至6.7dtex，优选为1.3至1.7dtex。
17.根据权利要求12至16中任一项的方法，其特征在于，将所述纤维切片、折叠和包装。
18.根据权利要求12至17中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述纤维在包装之前用液体或洗剂处理。
19.根据前述权利要求中任一项的纤维在干巾和湿巾中的用途，所述干巾和湿巾如化妆巾、美容巾、化妆品用巾、婴儿用巾和用于清洁和填密的消毒巾，以及吸收性卫生用品，例如内裤衬垫、卫生巾和失禁垫。
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