CA1160808A - Construction of thread treating nozzles - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract A texturising nozzle for synthetic filaments is openable and closable to facilitate lacing up. The nozzle comprises a two-part carrier structure with the parts movable towards and away from each other to open and close the nozzle. The thread path through the nozzle is defined by means of insert elements releasably mounted on the carrier structure at least in that region of the path in which the main texturis-ing step is performed. A thread infeed passage and a (pre-ferably single) fluid infeed passage bring thread and treat-ment fluid together at a junction location, and a guide passage (which preferably widens in the downstream direction) leads the thread and fluid from the junction location to the texturising region.

Description

38~

Construction.of thread treating nozzles The present invention relates to a thread texturisin~ appa-ratus comprising a texturising nozzle through which the thread moves along a substantially predetermined path. The thread is subjected to a treating fluid, g~nerally a gas or vapor, while passing through the nozzle. The term "thread"
when used herein refers to any continuous textile element, particularly but not exclusively synthétic filamentary ma-terial, whether mono-filamentary or multi-filamentary.

Thread texturizing by means of a texturizing nozzle (or "jet") i5 well known - see for example US Patents 3'714'686 and 4'100'659 as examples only. These processes may operate on thread drawn from a bobbin, or upon thread received directly from a spinneret producing synthetic filament. In the latter case, there is a well known problem concerned with Iacing of the continuously moving thread into the tex-turizing nozzle.

Openable and closable nozzle structures have been disclosed 20 in US Patents 2'938'257, 3'167'847, 3'261'071, 3'875'625, 3'800'371 and 3'237'269 as well as in UK Patents 872'234 and 1'310'227~ The nozzles are designed for a variety of '~

purposes e.g. texturising, bulking, entangling or simply forwarding thread.

None of the above-mentioned prior patents deals in any detail with a problem which is of special significance in nozzles required for processes, such as texturising, which are relatively complex and which can have a significant inEluence on the properties and characteristics, e.g. the dyeability, of the thread material itself. In such nozzles, small varia~ions in performance from nozzle to nozzle, or in a given nozzle over time, can produce noticeable vari-ation in the characteristics of the thread. This leads at least to difficulties for the end user of the thread if not to production of poor quality goods from such thread e.g.
woven material which exhibits "streaks" because of dyeing variations in the threads used. However the achievement of controllab~e uniformity of operating characteristics of a series of manufactured texturising nozzles raises very serious problems of accurate manufacture at acceptable cost levels.

It is already known to make up a thread passage through a thread treating nozzle by means of separately manufactured inserts assembled in a carrier body - see for example US
Patent Specification 3'849'846 where plate-like inserts are mounted between side members in a sandwich structure so as to define a thread passage of rectangular section. Replace-able inserts have also been suggested to enable modific-ation of the performance of a nozzle - see for example US
Patents 3l286'321 and 3'823'448 and UK Patent 1'148'675.
Still further, generally tubular inserts have been suggest-ed to enable opening and closing of lace-up slots - see US
Patent 3'800'371 as one example of many such.

Attention has also been paid to the way in which the thread and the texturising fluid are brought together. For example UX Patent Specification 1'487'328 deals with a diffuser chamber where the thread and fluid come together. It has 5 further been suggested that the fluid infeed to the nozzle can be by way of an infeed "jet" - see for example jet 6 in US Patent Specification 4'09Sl317. Generally this is to enable accurate formation of the downstream, or tip, end of the jet as disclosed in US Patent Specification 4'095'317 or US Patent Specification 3'750'242~

Many other patents could be cited as showing the use of inserts for one purpose or another in a variety of nozzle constructions. Despite this multitude of prior art, however, the problems of reproduceability are so great and so depen-dent upon the individual texturising process in question,that a manuÆacturer seeking to design a particular form of texturising nozzle must deal with the individual problems associat~d with that noz71e and cannot seek significant general assistance from the prior art in this field.

The invention relates to a generally known type of thread texturising nozzle for a generally known process adapted to texturise a thread by action of a treatment fluid thereon.
The nozzle has a texturising chamber in which the main tex-turising action occurs. This chamber is elongated and de-fines one section of a thread path extending through the nozzle. The chamber has a perforated wall through which treatment fluid can leave the chamber generally transverse-ly of the path. The nozzle also has means to- briny together the fluid and the thread and lead them into the chamber.
Prior to the texturising chamber, the fluid preferably exerts a forwarding action on the thread, urging it into the chamber, bu-t this forwarding action is at least sub-stantially reduced and may cease after the fluid enters thechamber due to the exit of fluid through the perforations.
The chamber is designed to produce severe turbulence in the fluid therein and/or vibrations, possibly even at a reson-5 ance frequency. The fluid is preferably hot, in the form ofa vapour or gas; air is preferred although steam may also be used. The temperature of the fluid and the residence time of the fluid and thread in the nozzle prior to enter-ing the texturising chamber, but after being brought to-10 gether, are preferably such as to heat the thr~ad to anapproximately predetermined temperature dependent on the material of the thread and preferably close to the plastic-ising temperature of the thread. The perforations in the chamber wall are preferably in the form of slits extending 15 along and generally evenly distributed about the thread pathO

Thread texturising nozzles of the above general type, and in which the perforations in the chamber wall are provided 20 in the preferred form of longitudinal slits, are shown in US Patents 3'714'686, 3'908'248, 3'950'831, 4'014'084 and 4'100'659 in the name of B.A.S.F., US Patents 3'983'610 and 4'09S'317 to Akzonal German Published Specifications OLS

2'632'083 to Barmag and US Patent~s 3'802'038 and 3'849'844 25 to Neumunstersche Maschinen- und Apparatebau GmbH. Nozzles of the same general type but with different forms of per-foration are shown in US Patents 3'576l059 to Glanzstoff,

3'482'294 to Rhodiaceta, 3'955'253 to Textured Yarn Co., 3'640'063 to B~SF and in UK Patent 1'487'328 to ICI. This 30 list of patents, and the various forms of perforations suggested therein, are not intended to be exhaustive since the literature on this subject is extensive.

The object of the present invention is to modify the inter-nal design of a texturising nozzle of a particular, defined type to facilitate accurate manufacture to give controlled, repeatedly reproduceable characteristics of the textured thread~

The present invention in all its aspects relates to a thread texturising nozzle in which thread can be texturised while moving along a generally straight path through the nozzle, which nozzle comprises - means to bring together a thread to be texturised and a treatment fluid at a junction location on the path, - a texturising chamber providing a section of the path downstxeam from the junction location considered in the direction of movement of the thread through the nozzle and having a perforated wall to permit fluid to pass out of the chamber in a direction transverse to the path, and - a guide passage providing the path between the junction location and the texturising chamber.

Preferably the nozzle comprises at least two carrier mem-25bers, each adapted for mounting in a texturising apparatusfor movement into and out of a closed position in which the carrier members engage one another to enclose an open-ended elongated space containing the path.

30Each carrier member may have releasably secured thereto at least one insert element which lies within the elongated space when the carrier members are in the closed positionr the insert elements then engaging one another to form the texturising chamber between them.

Each element may have a wall portion extending along the path and joined to at least one outwardly projecting sup-port portion which engages a support surface of the asso-ciated carrier member within the space to hold the wall 5portion spaced from the carrier member. The open-ended tex-turising chamber may be surrounded by an exhaust chamber provided by the part o~ the space outside the wall portions, there being perforations in the wall portions providing communicatio~ between the texturising chamber and the ex-lOhaust chamber.

Each carrier member may have releasably secured thereto a plurality of insert elements which lie within the space when the carrier members engage one another. Thus, in addi-15tion to the insert elements forming the texturising chamber,there may be an insert element defining a section of the path upstream from the junction location considered in the direction of movement of the thread.

20The means to bring together thread and fluid may comprise a thread infeed passage op~ning onto said junction location and a single fluid infeed passage extending along an axis inclined at a small angle to the thread infeed passage and debouching onto said junction location.
The thread infeed passage is preferably offset to one side relative to the guide passage.

The guide passage preferably widens in the downstream direc-30tion .

By way of example a two~part openable and closable nozzle according to the invention, together with variations there-of, will now be described with reference to the accompany-35 ing drawings in which:

~ 7 --Figure 1 is a front ele~ation of one of the parts, Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II in Figure 1, Figure 3 i5 a side elevation in section of the complete nozzle using parts as shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment, Figure 5 is a section through a portion of the embodiment shown in Figure 4 but illustrating yet a further modification, 15 Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 of yet a further alternative embodiment, Figure 7 is a partial section of the embodiment of Figure 6, taken on the plane VII-VII indicated in Figure 6 and showing the nozzl~e in the almost closed condition, Figure ~ is a diagram for use in explanation of Figure 6, 5 Figure 9 is a section through a modification of the embodi-ment of Figure 6 and taXen on the plane IX-IX in Figure 6, Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 5 showing a modific-ation of the embodiment of Figure 6, and Figure 11 is a section through one element of Figure 10, drawn to a larger scale.

The nozzle shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a metal body formed in two complementary parts 10 and 12 respectively (Fig. 3). Each part has plane surfaces 16 on ei-ther side of a groove 17. The surfaces 16 on part 10 can engage the sur-5faces 16 on part 12 in a sealing manner to provide a tubu-lar body with a through bore 14 (Figure 3) formed by the grooves 17. The sealing surfaces of the body part 10 are best seen in Figures 1 and 2 and there are similar sur-faces on the body part 12. As will become apparent from l0the further description, each part 10 and 12 constitutes a carrier member for insert elements which in use lie in the open-ended elongated space provided by the through bore 14.
The bore contains a thread path extending generally along the axis of the bore 14 and along which a thread to be tex-15tured is drawn in a downward direction as viewed in the Figures. The manner in which the thread path is defined will now be described. For convenience of description, re-ference will be made to "upward" and "downward" direction as viewed in the drawings, but it will be understood that 20the actual dispositions of the nozzle may be different in practice.

Each body part 10,12 contains three insert elements in its groove 17, the elements in the two parts being complementary 25in the same way as the parts themselves. Since the elements are the same in both body parts, only those in the body part 10 shown in Figure 1 will be described in detail.

Considered in the direction of movement of thread through 30the nozzle in use (indicated by the arrow at the head of Figure 1) the inserts comprise an infeed element 18, a guide element 20 and a texturising chamber element 22. Each ele ment is provided with a channel forming half of a central through bore, which defines the thread path in the complete nozzle assembly, together with sealing surfaces in the same plane as the surfaces 16. Thus, when the two body parts 10 and 12 are brought together, they form a first insert assem-bly comprising the insert elements 18 and defining a thread 5infeed passage 24 (Fig. 3), a second insert assembly com-prising the insert elements 20 and defining a guide passaye 26 and a third insert assembly comprising the insert ele-ments 22 and defining a texturising chamber 28. The infeed passage 24, guide passage 26 and texturising chamber 28 to-0gether make up the thread path through the nozzle.

The guide elements 20 are such that the second insert assem-bly surrounding passage 26 comprises a central tube (the "guide tube") of smaller external diameter than the diameter 50f the insert - receiving bore 14, together with a pair of end flanges 29, engaging the wall of through bore 14 and locating the guide tube therein. Thus, a chamber 30 sur-rounds the guide tube and body part 10 is provided with a port 32 communicating with the chamber 30 so that in use 20treatment fluid can be fed into the nozzle via this port 32 and chamber 30. The upper end flange of the guide tube as-sembly is provided with openings 34 providing access for treatment fluid to a chamber 36 which provides a communic-ation chamber connecting the thread infeed passage 24 with 25the guide passage 26.

Each element 18 carries a sub-element 38 which is a press fit in and adjustable axially of a recess 40 provided in the element lB. Sub-elements 38 together provide the lower end 30section of the infeed passage 24, as viewed in Figure 3.
Thus, the axial spacing between the end of the infeed pass-age 24 and the beginning of the guide passage 26 can be ad-justed by adjusting the axial position of the sub-elements 38. This spacing determines the amount of treatment fluid which is permit-ted to pass from the chamber 36 into the guide passage 26 along with the thread coming from the in-~eed passage 24. Thus, the infeed passage 24, chamber 36 and the fluid access channel, provided by port 32, chamber 530 and openings 34, co-operate to provide means for bring-ing together the thread and the treatment fluid. The above described means for bringing togeth~r thread and fluid is generally in accordance with the prior art.

lOEach insert element 22 comprises a wall portion 40 and flange portions 41, 43. Each flange portion fits neatly into the groove 17 in its body part 10 or 12, as best seen in Figure 2, and is secured therein by screws 42. The wall portions 40 together make up a texturising chamber wall of 15external diameter smaller than the diameter of the through bore 14 and firmly supported at both ends by the end flan-ges provided at one end by the co-operating flange portions 41 and at the other end by the co-operating flange portions 43. The tubular wall made up by wall portions 40 has twelve 20longitudinally extending slots 44,. As best seen in Figure 2, each insert 22 contains five full slots and two additional slots are formed at the interface when the elements 22 are brought together in the closed nozzle. Each slot 44 extends from end to end of the respective element 22, i.e. through 25both end flanges, and passes radially completely through the wall between the connecting end flanges. These slots enable communication in use between the tèxturising chamber 28 and a further chamber 46 provided around the wall 40 by the bore 14. The preferred number of slots lies in the range 10 to 3014.

Thus the length of bore 14 between the downstream end of guide passage 26 and the downstream end of the bore itself constitutes a cavity which is divided by the wall portions 40 into a texturising chamber 28 surrounded by an exhaust chamber ~6. Each body part has a port 48 communicating with this chamber 46 and in use outlet passa~es 50 are connected to respective ports 48 to lead away treatment fluid, and any vapor produced from pre-treating preparations applied to the thread, passing into the chamber 46 from the chamber 28. The removal of treatment fluid and vapor from chamber 46 is effected in a controlled fashion by a suitable suction device (not shown) connected to passages 50 and drawing the treatment fluid and vapor away to a suitable exhaust location. In use these passages 50 may pass the treatment fluid through a heat exchanger diagrammatically shown at 51 so that the waste fluid transfers at least part of its heat to the incoming fluid being fed to the port 32.
Each body part is also provided with studs 52 enabling it to be mounted on an appropriate support structure (not shown) of a texturising apparatus, the receiving members on the support struc-ture being relatively movable to enable openin~ and closing of the nozzle. Each body part is also partially enclosed by a casing 54 of a material of low heat conductivity so as to protect operators from the hot metal of the ~ody parts lO and 12 in use.
Figure 4 shows a first modification of the embodiment of Figure l, namely the elimination of the insert elements 20. The guide passage in this embodiment is provided by two grooves ~0, only one of which is of course seen in the frontal view of Figure 4.
These grooves are of small cross-section relative to the grooves 17 shown in Figure 1 and they are provided directly in the material of the body part lOA (or 12A) with sealing surfaces 16A being provided to either side. The larger sealing surEace enables inclusion of a re-cess 61 to receive a guiae in the other body part. At each end of the groove 6-0, there is an enlarged groove portion forming upstream and downstream cavities when the body parts 5are brought together with their faces 16A in sealing contact.
The downstream cavity contains an insert assembly made up of inserts essentially the same as the inserts 22 of Figure 1 and forming a texturising chamber 28 and an exhaust chamber 46 as already described. The means for bringing together the 10fluid and the thread differs from that shown in Figures 1-3 and will now be described.

The upstream cavity also contains an assembly of insert ele-ments 62 co operating to define a thread infeed passage con-15stituted by grooves 64. Each groove 64 has three widenedsections 66 which help to form a labyrinth seal hindering back flow of treatment fluid along the thread infeed pass-age. However, these sections 66 can be omitted if desired.
The external surface of each element 62 has a groove 68 so 20that in the nozzle assembly these grooves form an annular channel surrounding the thread infeed passage. One of the body parts is provided with an infeed port (not shown) en-abling supply of treatment fluid to the channel thus formed.

25The downstream end of the thread infeed passage has a frusto-conical widening 70 facing a corresponding widening 72 on the upstream end of the guide passage formed by the grooves 60. A selected number of fluid infeed bores 74 ex-tend between the channel provided by grooves 68 and the wi-30dening 70 so as to direct fluid into the widening on theguida passage. The widened portions 70, 72 thus together constitute a junction chamber where the thread and treatment fluid are brought together before passing onwards into the guide passage. Figure 4 illustrates two bores 74, giving a total of four assuming that the other body part 12A is the same in this respect. This is however not the preferred arrangement, one embodiment of which will now be described with reference to Figure 5.

Figure 5 shows a section through the infeed end of the nozzle, the section being taken at right angles to the frontal view shown in Figure 4, so that both body parts lOA
and 12A, and the join line 76 between them, are visible.
Each groove 60 is of triangular cross section, so that the complete guide passage 26A is square in section. The thread infeed passage 64 A is now provided by a simple, triangular section groove in the insert element 78 in the body part 12A
only i.e. the facing surface on the insert element 80 in the body part lOA is now planar. There is no external groove in the element 78 similar to the groove 68.

There is also no external groove in the insert element 80, but instead the latter has a recess 82 containing an O-ring 2084 encircling the acces~ port of a bore 86. Recess 82 opens in the complete assembly onto a fluid supply passage 88 sui-tably provided (in a manner not shown in detail) in the body part lOA. Bore 86 leads fluid from supply passage 88 to cavity 87 the upper portion of which, above the bore 86, 25Opens onto the end-face of element 80 and is screwthreaded to receive a closure screw 89 with a sealing washer 91. This opening, provided by the upper portion of the cavity, is provided simply to enable access to the lower portion now to be described and is blocked off in normal use by the screw 3089 or any other convenient closure means.

The lower portion of the cavity, below bore 86, comprises a screw threaded section 90 and a urther section 92 which is not screw threaded. A bore 94 of relatively small cross section provides a communication passage leading from sec-tion 92 to a recess 98 formed in the bottom surface of the element 80, and facing into the widening 72 formed on the upper end of the guide passage. The angle X between the 5axis of the bore 94 and the adjacent side surface of the element 80 is made as small as practicable.

The bore 94 contains a tube 100 which is secured therein by any convenient means. The illustrated securing means com-lOprises an elastomeric compressible washer 102 clamped bet-ween an annular end surface of the cavity 87 and a bush 104.
The latter can be urged towards the end surface of the cav-ity to squeeze the washer against the outer surface of the tube 100 by means of a tubular nut 106 in the screw threaded 5cavity section 90. Fluid flow communication between the bore 86 and the tube 100 is provided by the interior of the nut 106. The tube is so held relative to the insert element 80 that it will just project into the widening 72. Clearly, positive means could be provided on a tube of definite 201ength to ensure its location in a desired position rela-tive to insert element 80. The bore 96 of the tube 100 con~
stitutes the only fluid infeed passage in this embodiment and the element 80 in this case performs the additional ~unction of acting as a receiver element for the fluid in-25feed tube 100, the latter being releasably secured in itsreceiver by the securing means referred to above. The latter comprises sealing means, in this case washer 102, to ensure that all infeed fluid must pass through the tube 100.

30In the embodiment of Figure S the bore configuration of tube 100, and especially the dimensions of the cross section of passage 9~, are chosen to provide a desired infeed rate of treatment fluid at a given pressure. By substituting a tube 100 having a different effective cross section for the passage 96, the user can vary -the fluid infeed rate. The tube 100 can be changed via the access opening at the upper end of cavity 87 when the closure screw 89 has ~een removed.
The degree of control obtainable over the infeed rate by 5means of such tubes is so high that external adjusting con-trols, such as a throttle in the infeed to the passage 88, can be dispensed with, although this aspect of the invention is not of course limited to use of the flow control tubes 100 without any external control over the infeed rate. Thus each nozzle preferably has an associated set of flow control tubes 100 of different bore configurations i.e. different dimensions of bore cross section and/or different tube length and/or different bore shape.

The bore through each tube 100, providing the passage 96, is preferably circular in cross section. The illustrated tube is of uniform cross section along the full length of the tube, but this is not essential. The length of the tube is preferably chosen in relation to the other operating condi-20tions e.g. type of treatment fluid, supply pressure, etc. to`give a directed flow of fluid frorn the downstream end of the tube with minimum turbulence. A relatively short orifice-type control is unsuitable for this purpose because it cre-ates uncontrollable flow disturbances both at the upstream 25side and at the downstream slde of the orifice and such dis-turbances prejudice the achievement of uniform texturising conditions both over time and between different nozzles.
Also, to avoid undue disturbance in the transfer of fluid from the tube 100 to the guide passage provided by the 30grooves 60, the tube is aligned as close as possible to the line of the guide passage i.e~ angle X is chosen as small as possible and the thread infeed passage 64A is provided in the element 78 only. Also to facilitate disturbance free transport of fluid to the guide passage, the junction region provided by widening 72 may be in the form of a tapering chamber narrowing towards the guide passage as illustrated, although the widening in the body part 12A could be omitted as indicated by the dotted line.

By way of example only the following dimensions of various elements of an embodiment according to Figure 5 are quoted -Treatment Fluid - Hot Air lOSupply Pressure in cavity 87 - 6 bar Length of Tube 100 - 12 mm Angle X - 15 Diameter of Circular Passa~e 96 Infeed Rate 1,2 mm 3,2 Nm /h (M S.T.P.) 1,4 mm 4,5 Nm /h (M S.T.P.) 1,6 mm 5,2 Nm /h (M S.T.P.) 20Preferably the angle X is not greater than 30 and an angle X less than 20 is highly desirable. Due to production pro-blems, it will not usually be possible to obtain an angle X
much less than 10-12 . Preferably the minimum length of tube 100 is 0,4 cm and the preferred length is in the range 0,6 25cm to 3 cm.

The lower end of the tube 100 preferably comes as close as possible to the line of the thread path through the nozzle without risking contact between the tube and the thread in 30use, The tube may be provided with means, e.g. a flange at a location spaced from both ends of the tube to ensure that the downstream end is accurately located relative to thread path e~g. bush 104 may be secured to or integral with tube 100 .

As illustrated, it is prefer~ed not to feed treatment fluid to the tube lO0 via the closure screw 89 - this could be done by providing a passage through the screw but it would complicate the tube exchange procedure since it would be necessary to disconnect the fluid supply from the screw and/or to provide flexible fluid supply leads, to enable the screw to be removed to provide access to the tube. The alternative possibility, of replacing the tube via the downstream end of bore 9~ after removal of the insert element 80, is far too complex. Also the provision of a series of insert elements with unlined bore sections 94 of varying diameter i.e. eliminating the liner tube 100, is relatively costly.
The thread path through the nozzle is preferably straight and the fluid preferabl~ joins the thread path from an infeed passage at a, preferably small, angle thereto. The reversal of this relationship, as shown in U.S. Patent Specification 3,983,610, makes the division of the nozzle/ for opening and closing purposes, extremely complex with the risk of vexy high wear on the nozzle, and disturbance in the system, at the location where the thread path bends to join the straight fluid flow path.
Exchangeable liner tubes, such as tube 100 shown in Figure 5, could of course be used in one-piece texturising nozzles or in a texturising nozzle which is divided, but which does not have insert assemblies at the infeed end and/or outfeed end.
The embodiments illustrated in Figures l to 5 offer the ~ollowing advantages over the prior art -.~ ~

1~ In relation to the texturising chamber:

(a) the interior of each insert element 22 is readily accessible so that both the groove providing the intérnal surface of the texturising chamber, and the slots through the chamber wall can be produced economically but with a high degree of accuracy:
(b) the ends of the insert elements are of solid con-struction, due to the incorporation of the end flanges, and are firmly supported because of the contact of each end flange with the adjacent sur-fa~e of the carrier part lO or 12 - this as advan-tageous in reducing uncontrollable vibration at both ends of the texturising chamber, such vibra-tion being particularly disadvantagous at the up-stream end of the texturising chamber and parti-cluarly prone to occur at the downstream end where the body defining the texurising chamber is often of weak construction and relatively poorly sup-ported: .
(c) the carrier members are conveniently used to en-close the texturising chamber, thus obtaining the increased safety, reduced noise and, possibly, the improved economics which can be obtained from such enclosed texturising chambers:
(d) should the texturising chamber insert elements be damaged or for some other reason fail to perform satisfactorily in service, or should it be desired to change the texturising process, then the rele-vant element(s) 22 can be exchanged without re-quiring exchange of the complete noæzle - similar-ly, should an error occur during the complex pro-cess of production of such an insert element, then only that element must be rejected, thus reducing production waste.

2. III relation to the infeed section:
the main diffi~ulties in this section are the regula-tion of the quantity of treatment fluid fed into the nozzle a~d the avoidance of uncontrollable disturbance in the system, such as turbulence. Both of these fac-tors are highly dependent upon the accuracy with which the infeed section of the nozzle can be produced and hence advantage ~a) given above for the texturising chamber is xelevant again here - likewise advantage (d).
The advantages of an assembly of inserts are oDtained in all three illustrated embodiments (Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 53~ However, additional advantages are ob-tained from the embodiment in Figure 5 because of the relatively simple structure shown there. All of the fluid infeed passes through a single passage which can be manufactured accurately outside the complete assem-bly. It is only necessary to align this one passage accuratelv relative to the guide passage 60 and thread infeed passye 64A - contrast the four infeed passages in the embodiment of Fig. 4. Further, replacement of the liner 100 by a tube of different effective cross section in the flow passage 96 enables simple adjust-ment of the texturising characteristics while the abil-ity to form each passage 96 very accurately ensures accurate control over the infeed of treatment fluid without requiring complex adjustment systems outside the nozzle.

3. In relation to the guide passage;
here the advantages of inserts are less pronounced and to avoid the necessity to form the external surface of each insert to co-operate with its carrier part, it is preferred to build the guide passage into the carrier itself as shown in Figures 4 and 5. However, in some cases it may be desirable for temperature control rea-sons to surround the guide passa~e with hot fluid, as in Figures 1 to 3. Whether or not the guide passage is provided in an insert the non-curvilinear internal sur~
face on the guide passage is preferred, as the straight sides tend to reduce turbulence.

A range of embodiments has already been illustrated to show that modifi~ations are possible within the scope of the in-10vention. Further modification is possible within the scopeof the invention. For example, the exchangeable liner tubes such as tube 100 could have a slightly conical bore instead of a bore of uniform circular cross section as illustrated.
The bore would taper in the flow direction, i.e. narrowest 15cross section at downstream end, with a small half angle, i.e~ angle between the axis of the bore and a straight line lying in the internal surface of the tub~. The maximum prac-tical half angle would be about S . This conical formation of the inf eed tube would reduce aLr speed at the upstream 20end of the tube, giving lower losses through friction, while still giving adequate air speed at the downstream end.
Further modifications will now be described with reference to Figures 6 to 11~

25Figure 6 illustrates a modification of the embodiment shown in Figure 5. In this case, the body part 12B is seen in plan view similar to the view of the body part 10A shown in Fig.

4. The non-thermally-conductive cover 54 (in Fig. 4) has been omitted from Figure 6. Again, the same or similar re-30ference numerals have been used to indicate similar parts.Only the major modifications over Figures 4 and 5 will be described in the following.

The first modification concerns the guide passage consti-tuted in the completed noz~le by the grooves 60A. In the embodiment of Figure 6, the cross sectional axea of this passage increases uniformly in the down-stream direction, that is from the upper end of the passage to the lower end 5as viewed in Figure 6. The junction location, at which the thread and fluid are brought together, is now provided by the uppermost section of the guide passage but there is no enlarged "junction chamber" similar to that shown at 72 in Figure 5. The widening of the guide ~assage in the embodi-ment of Figure 6 will be referred to for convenience as a"conical" widening~ although each groove 60A is triangular in cross section so that the guide passage itself is square in cross section, as in the embodiment of Figure 5.

The "conical" formation of the guide passage enables use of a higher velocity of treatment fluid at the infeed end of the guide passage and an increased forwarding effect of the treatment fluid in the guide passage taken as a whole, that is an increased tension in the thread upstream from the 20nozzle. This improves the running of the thread upstream from the nozzle. However, it is found that above a certain degree of widening, which degree will be discussed further below, no further improvement in running performance is observed.
The widening of the guide passage also leads to improved "opening" of a multi filament thread before the latter enters the texturising chamber. This enables more effective action of the treatment fluid on the individual filaments 30both to transport them (forward them) along the guide pass-age and to texturise them in the chamber.

The desirable degree of widening in the guide passage will now be discussed with reference to the diagram of Figure 8.

o~
- 22 ~
For convenience, the guide passage is represented as a frusto-cone. The cross sectional area of the upper axial surface of the frusto-cone (of smaller diameter d) is equal to the cross sectional area of the guide passage at its 5upstream end. Similarly, the cross sectional area of the lower axial surface of the frusto-cone (larger diameter D) is equal to the cross sectional area of the guide passage at its downstream end. The length L between the axial sur-faces of the frusto-cone is equal to the length L of the lOguide passage. The degree of widening of the guide passage can then be represented by a corresponding number derived from the diagram of Figure 8, as follows -E = D - d . 100 L
15where E is the required degree of widening, expressed as a ~ of length I..

We have found that the running performance of the thread improves as the degree of widening is increased from 0 to 20about 1,0 %. The degree of widening can be increased beyond this value without detracting from the performance of the texturising chamber. Values of at least 1,2 ~ are achievable without so detracting from the performance of the texturis-ing chamber. However, we have found that usually the most 25significant improvement has been achieved when the degree of widening lies in the range 0,6 to 0,7 % and higher values may make it difficult to match`the guide passage cross sec-tion to the texurising chamber cross section.

~OThe widening shown in the drawings is both smooth and uni-form, and it takes place over the full length of the guide passage. Discontinuities in the surface bounding the guide passage, e.g. as produced by stepped widening, are liable to introduce Elow disturbances and may therefore be found )8 undesirable. A varying rate of smooth widening along the length of the guide passage is acceptable, but requires a relatively complex formation step and may be difficult to reproduce accurately in different nozzles. The widening scould occur along part only of the length of the guide pass-age, but preferably extends from one end thereof to the other as this widening enables a higher average velocity of the treatment fluid taken along the guide passage as a whole.
The widening shown in Figure 8 can of course be used also in the embodiments shown in Figures 3 and 5.

Although it is not clearly apparent from Figure 6, the 15thread infeed passage 64B, provided by a groove in the in-feed insert element 78A only, also varies in cross-section along its lengthO Widening does not occur along the full length of the thread infeed passage, however, but only up-stream from a point indicated by the numeral 108 in Figure ~6. From the point 108 to its downstream end, the thread in-feed passage is of uniform cross-section, of the minimum value consistent with infeed of the desired thread without interference. Thus, flow of treatment fluid "backwards"
along the thread infeed passage is minimized. Any treatment 25fluid which does leak backwards along the thread infeed passage will have a "reverse forwarding" efEect, i.e. an effect in opposition to the forwarding of the thread in the guide passage. It is desirable to reduce this "reverse for-warding" effect as far as possible, and this can be achieved 30by the widening of the thread infeed passage referred to above. If the degree of widening of the thread infeed pass-age is represented by a frusto-cone similar to that shown in Figure 8, then a degree of widening consistent with a cone half angle in the range 2-5 will generally be found satis-35factory.

Figure 7 illustrates more clearly a further modification of the embodiment of Figure 6 when compared with that of Figure 5, namely that the thread infeed passage 64B is "offset" relative to the guide passage 26B made up by the 5two grooves 60A, that is, the thread infeed passage 64B and the guide passage 26B have no common plane of symmetry. As viewed in Figure 7, the longitudinal center line of groove 64B is displaced to the left of the longitudinal center line of groove 60A in body part 12B; the displacement, which lOis not clearly apparent in Figure 6, is to the right in that Figure, because the nozzle part is there viewed in under-plan when ¢ompared with Figure 7. As a result of this off-set of the thread infeed passage relative to the guide pass-age, the thread is urged to one side of the guide passage 15by the inflowing airstream, i.e. to the left hand side as viewed in Figure 7. The offset should be so disposed rela-tive to the fluid infeed passage that the incoming fluid assists in moving the thread to one side. In the arrangement of Figure 5, in which the thread infeed passage is disposed 20symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal center line of the guide passage, it is found that the thread is urged sometimes to one side, sometimes to the other and sometimes towards the apex of the thread infeed passage. This tends to increase the degree of variability of the texturising pro-25cess both over time in one nozzle and as between nozzles ofa complete installation.

The texturising chamber insert element has been omitted from Figure 6, so that the downstream cavity 110 is seen as a 30whole in that Figure. Part of the upstream cavity 112 can also be seen in Figure 6, although the infeed insert element 78A is located in its operative position in that cavity. In the Figure 6 embodiment, a rebate is formed at the lower end of the cavity 112, so that the insert element 78A makes sealing contact with the body part 12B on a relatively li-mited sealing surface 114 surrounding the thread infeed and guide passages. A similar rebate is formed at the upper end of the cavity 110.

The cavity 110 in Figure 6 is generally similar to the cor-responding cavity in Figure 4 and could receive a similar insert eleme~t 22. However, the design of the insert ele-ments can also be changed from that shown in Figures 1 to 4.
lOFor example, the slots 44 may be replaced by holes extend-ing radially through the wall-portion of each insert. Such a structure is inherently more rigid than a structure com-prising a plurality of slots, and it may therefore be poss-ible to eliminate, wholly or partly, the support flange from 15the upstream end of the insert. The insert would still make sealing contact with the body part 12B on an axial surface surrounding the guide passage and the entrance to the tex-turising chamber, but each insert element would be secured and supported only adjacent its downstream end. If the up-20stream flange is only partly eliminated, the downstreamflange may still provide the only securing/supporting means, but the remaining part of the upstream flange can reinforce the structure against undesired vibration.

25Figure 9 illustrates a modification of Figure 6 using a modified texturising insert assembly as referred to above.
The body part 12C has a square or rectangular section - cavity llOA, and each texturising chamber insert element 22A
has a correspondingly shaped flange 43A at its downstream 30end. Insert element 22A also has a circular-section groove 116, which in the complete no2zle is aligned with a similar groove in a complementary body part lOC (not illustrated) to define a texturising chamber. Although not visible in Figure 9, insert element 22A also has a wall-portion similar to wall~portion 40 of the insert element 22, but the perfor-ations in insert element 22A are provided by holes of cir-cular or other convenient s~ction extending radially through the wall-portion and each of relatively small dimensions 5relative to the length of the insert. Insert element 22A may have a reinforcing flange at its upstream end, or the seal-ing surface at the upstream end may be provided simply by the axial end surface of the wall-portlon. In any event, in-sert element 22A is secured and supported in the cavity llOA
lOonly at its downstream end, by means now to be described.

As clearly seen in Figure 9~ insert 22A is supported clear of the base of the trough-like cavity llOA by means of one or more adjusting screws 118 engaging the flange 43A. The screws 118 extend through suitable screw-threaded openings 120 formed in the body part 12C. Insert element 22A is se-cured in the cavity llOA and is laterally aligned with the guide passage, by means of one or more securing screws 122.
The illustrated screw 122 passes through a relatively en-201arged opening 123 in the left hand side wall of the bodypart 12C (as viewed in Figure 9) and engages with a screw threaded opening in the flange 43A to draw the flange into firm contact with that left hand side wall. The clearances between the flange 43A and the body part 12C can be made 25very small if it is desired to isolate the exhaust chamber formed within the cavity llOA in a completed noæzle. Insert element 22A could have a flange at its upstream end similar to the flange 43A, and then similar support and securing screws could be provided to engage that upstream flange.
It will be appreciated that the infeed grooves 64A (Fig. 5) and 64B (Fig. 6) are relatively easy to form accurately and could be provided directly in the correspondingly modified body part 12A or 12B instead oE in a separate insert as 35illustrated.

3~

Figure 10 illustrates yet a further modification of Figure 6 at the infeed end of the nozzle. The view shown in Figure 10 corresponds with that shown in Figure 5, i.e. the nozzle is shown in a closed position with the body parts lOD and 512D engaging each other on the contact plane 76. Again, the same numerals have been used as far as possible to indicate the same parts. In Figure 10, however, there is no thread infeed insert assembly, the thread infeed passage 64B being formed directly in the body part 12D, i.e. the cavity 112 lOshown in Figure 6 is eliminated. The control of inflow of treatment fluid is once again effected by a single, tubular flow control element 124 which is of complex construction relative to the simple tube 100 shown in Figure 5, and which will be described further below.
Element 124 is mounted in a cavity 87A similar to the cavity 87 of Figure 5 but provided directly in the body part lOD.
Element 124 projects into a bore 94A which provides a com-munication passage leading from the lower end of the cavity 20to the groove 60A. Bore 94A is of relatively small cross section relative to the cavity, so that an annular surface 126 is left at the lower end of the cavity. Supply of treat-ment fluid to the cavity is effected via a supply passage 86A suitably formed in the body part lOD. At its upper end, 25cavity 87A provides an access opening onto the end face of body part lOD, which opening is screw threaded to receive closure screw 89A. In this embodiment, therefore, the re-ceiver element, receiving the flowcontrol element 124, is the body part lOD itself.
Flow control element 124 (best seen in Figure 11) comprises a tubular body portion 128 having an enlarged end portion 130 at its upstream end and a flange 132 adjacent but spaced from the end portion 130. As illustrated, the enlarged end 35130 and flange 132 are integral with the body 128, but they could each be formed separately and secured to the body if required. The external diameter of portion 130 is such that it can be inserted into one end of a spiral spring 134 (Fig.
10) so as to be gripped by the spring. Element 124 is forced 5into the spring until the latter engages one axial surface of flange 132. Spring 134 extends along the cavity 87A to engage with a guide projection 136 on the end of screw 89A.
Spxing 134 is longer than cavity 87A, so that the spring provides an urging means producing an axial force urging lOflange 132 against surface 126. Contact between flange 132 and surface 126 is made by an axially projecting rim 138 formed on the flange. The flexibility of flange 132 is such that it can distort in response to unevenness of surface 126 under the force applied by spring 134 so as to ensure seal-15ing contact of rim 138 with surface 126 on an annulus comp-letely surrounding the entrance to bore 94A. The flange and spring together form a resilient securing means securing flow control element 124 in place.

20Element 124 has a throughbore comprising a bore portion 140 of uniform circular cross section merging with a tapering portion 142. This tapering formation, at least at the entr-ance, is preferred bec2use it renders the flow control performance of the element less sensitive to damage or mal-25formation of the flow control bore in the entrance region.Bore portion 140 of uniform cross-section actually controls the inflow of treatment fluid. For this purpose, the length 1 of this bore portion is preferably at least equal to and may desirably be up to three times, the diameter of that 30portion. The requirements regarding the angle between tube 128 and thread infeed passage 64B are the same as those des-cribed above for the tube 100 and thread infeed passage 64A.
Flow control element 124 could of course be used in a suit-ably modified embodiment of Figure 5.

When closure screw 89A is removed, spring 134 can be with-drawn from cavity 87A and will simultaneously withdraw flow control element 124 because of the gripping contact between the spring and end portion 130. Spring 134 may also be suit-

5 ably secured to closure screw 89A for removal therewith, butthe securing arrangement should not cause rotation of the flow control element in the cavity in response to screwing or unscrewing of the closure 89A.

lOThus, in this final embodiment, the design has been furthex substantial-y improved at the infeed end of the nozzle en-abling both increased control over flow conditions within the nozzle, i.e. increased uniformity as between different nozzles and over time, and easier manufacture. The improve-15ment has been carried to such a degree that the infeed in-sert assembly, which was essential in the embodiment of Figure 3 to overcome wastage problems associated with manu-facture of that design, can now be eliminated without there-by causing unaeceptable wastage levels.

Claims (31)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A thread texturising nozzle in which thread can be texturised while moving along a generally straight path through the nozzle, the nozzle comprising, means to bring together a thread to be texturised and treatment fluid at a junction location on said path, a texturising chamber providing a section of said path downstream from said junction location considered in the direction of movement of the thread through the nozzle and having a perforated wall to permit fluid to pass out of the chamber in a direction transverse to the path, and a guide passage providing said path between said junction location and said texturising chamber, characterised in that said means to bring together thread and fluid comprises a thread infeed passage opening onto said junction location and a single fluid infeed passage extending along an axis inclined at a small angle to the thread infeed passage and debouching onto said junction location, said thread infeed passage being offset relative to said guide passage so that the treatment fluid urges the thread towards one side of said guide passage.

2. A thread texturising nozzle in which thread can be texturised while moving along a generally straight path through the nozzle, the nozzle comprising means to bring together a thread to be texturised and treatment fluid at a junction location on said path/ a texturising chamber providing a section of said path downstream from said junction location considered in the direction of movement of the thread through the nozzle and having a perforated wall to permit fluid to pass out of the chamber in a direction transverse to the path, and a guide passage providing said path between said junction location and said texturising chamber, characterised in that said means to bring together thread and fluid comprises a thread infeed passage opening onto said junction loca-tion and single fluid infeed passage extending along an axis inclined at a small angle to the thread infeed passage and debouching onto said junction location, said fluid infeed passage being provided by an open-ended bore of a tube, securing means being provided releasably to secure said tube in a passage leading to said guide passage such that all treatment fluid entering the guide passage must flow through said tube.

3. A nozzle as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that said tube is one of a plurality of such tubes having respective individual bore configurations and alternatively mountable in said passage leading to said guide passage.

4. A nozzle as claimed in claim 2 or 3 characterised in that at least a portion of said open-ended bore is of uniform circular cross-section along its entire length, the length of said portion being at least equal to the diameter thereof.

5. A nozzle as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that another portion of said open-ended bore is of tapering cross-section, the smallest cross-section thereof merging into said portion of uniform cross-section.

6. A nozzle as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that said securing means is located in a cavity, which provides an access opening closed in normal operation by a removable closure, and a supply passage for treatment fluid debouches onto said cavity between the closure and the tube.

7. A nozzle as claimed in claim 2 or 6 wherein the nozzle comprises two carrier members adapted to engage one another to enclose an open-ended elongated space containing said path, characterised in that one of said carrier members provides a receiver element receiving said tube and the other carrier member has a groove which provides said thread infeed passage.

8. A nozzle as claimed in claim 2 wherein the nozzle comprises two carrier members adapted to engage one another to enclose an open-ended elongated space containing said path characterised in that at least one of the carrier members has releasably secured thereto an insert element, which lies within said space when the carrier members engage one another, and which provides a receiver element receiving said tube, the thread infeed passage being provided on the other carrier member.

9. A nozzle as claimed in claim 8 characterised in that said other carrier member also carries an insert element having a groove which provides said thread infeed passage.

10. A nozzle as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that said securing means comprises a flange on the tube, said flange being flexible to form a sealing contact with an abutment surface encircling the tube.

11. A nozzle as claimed in claim 10 characterised in that said flange is integral with the tube.

12. A nozzle as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11 character-ised in that said securing means comprises urging means operable to exert a force on said flange urging it towards said abutment surface.

13. A nozzle as claimed in claim 10 characterised in that said securing means comprises a spring operable to exert a force on said flange urging it towards said abutment surface.

14. A nozzle as claimed in claim 13 characterised in that said tube and said urging means are releasably connectable for mounting as a unit.

15. A thread texturising nozzle in which thread can be texturised while moving along a generally straight path through the nozzle, the nozzle comprising means to bring together a thread to be texturised and treatment fluid at a junction location on said path, a texturising chamber providing a section of said path downstream from said junction location considered in the direction of movement of the thread through the nozzle and having a per-forated wall to permit fluid to pass out of the chamber in a direction transverse to the path, and a guide passage providing said path between said junction location and said texturising chamber, characterised in that, said guide passage widens in the downstream direction.

16. A nozzle as claimed in claim 15 characterised in that said guide passage widens smoothly in the downstream direction.

17. A nozzle as claimed in claim 16 characterised in that said guide passage widens uniformly in the downstream direction.

18. A nozzle as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17 characterised in that said guide passage widens from one end thereof to the other.

19. A nozzle as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17 characterised in that said guide passage widens from one end thereof to the other, and the degree of widening, expressed as a percentage of the length of said guide passage, lies between 0 and 1%.

20. A thread texturising nozzle in which thread can be texturised while moving along a generally straight path through the nozzle, the nozzle comprising means to bring together a thread to be texturised and a treatment fluid at a junction location on said path, a texturising chamber providing a section of said path downstream from said junction location considered in the direction of movement of the thread through the nozzle and having a perfor-ated wall to permit fluid to pass out of the chamber in a direction transverse to the path, a guide passage providing said path between said junction location and said texturising chamber, at least two carrier members, each adapted to engage one another to enclose an open-ended elongated space containing said path, characterised in that each said carrier member has releasably secured thereto at least one insert element which lies within said space when the carrier members engage one another, each element having a wall portion extending along said path and joined to at least one out-wardly projecting support portion which engages a support surface of the associated carrier member within the space to hold the wall portion spaced from said carrier member, the elements co-operating to define said texturising chamber between said wall portions, which texturising chamber is surrounded by an exhaust chamber provided by the part of said space outside the wall portions, and perforations in the wall portions providing communication between the texturising chamber and the exhaust chamber.

21. A nozzle as claimed in claim 20 wherein each insert element includes an outwardly projecting support portion at each end of said wall portion.

22. A nozzle as claimed in claim 20 or claim 21 wherein in each insert element, the or each support portion is provided by a flange.

23. A nozzle as claimed in claim 20 comprising adjusting means operable to adjust the location of at least one insert element relative to its carrier member.

24. A nozzle as claimed in claim 23 wherein said adjusting means comprises a screw mounted in the carrier member and engaging said insert element.

25. A nozzle as claimed in claim 20 wherein said perforations are slots extending longitudinally of said path.

26. A nozzle as claimed in claim 25 wherein each slot extends from one axial end face of its insert element to the other.

27. A nozzle as claimed in claim 25 or 26 wherein the number of slots is selected from the range 10 to 14, and the slots are equiangularly spaced about the path.

28. A nozzle as claimed in claim 20 wherein at least one of said carrier members has an exhaust port communicating with said exhaust chamber to enable withdrawal of treatment fluid therefrom.

29. A thread texturising nozzle in which thread can be texturised while moving along a generally straight path through the nozzle, the nozzle comprising means to bring together a thread to be texturised and a treatment fluid at a junction location on said path, a texturising chamber providing a section of said path downstream from said junction location considered in the direction of movement of the thread through the nozzle and having a perfor-ated wall to permit fluid to pass out of the chamber in a direction transverse to the path, a guide passage providing said path between said junction location and said texturising chamber, at least two carrier members, each adapted to engage one another to enclose an open-ended elongated space containing said path, characterised in that each carrier member has releasably secured thereto a plurality of insert elements which lie within said space when the carrier members engage one another, first insert elements of said plurality co-operating with each other to form a first insert assembly defin-ing a thread infeed section of said path upstream of and opening onto said junction location, and further insert elements of said plurality co-operating with each other to form a further insert assembly defining said texturising chamber.

30. A nozzle as claimed in claim 29 wherein one only of said first insert elements has a single flow passage formed therein converging with said thread infeed section of the path at a small angle to debouch into the junction location.

31. A nozzle as claimed in claim 30 wherein said thread infeed section of the path is provided by a groove in the other of the first insert elements, said one of the first insert elements offering a plane face to the groove.