CA1093487A - Method of producing acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material - Google Patents
Method of producing acetone and butanol from a cellulosic materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1093487A CA1093487A CA293,799A CA293799A CA1093487A CA 1093487 A CA1093487 A CA 1093487A CA 293799 A CA293799 A CA 293799A CA 1093487 A CA1093487 A CA 1093487A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- butanol
- acetone
- cellulosic material
- cellulase
- glucose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- DNZWLJIKNWYXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)=O.CCCCO DNZWLJIKNWYXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000193401 Clostridium acetobutylicum Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/24—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carbonyl group
- C12P7/26—Ketones
- C12P7/28—Acetone-containing products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
METHOD OF PRODUCING ACETONE AND BUTANOL
FROM A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL
Abstract of the Disclosure This invention is characterized by one-step production of acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material wherein a cellulase and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism are allowed to react simultaneously upon a cellulosic material and ferment the substrate to acetone and butanol.
FROM A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL
Abstract of the Disclosure This invention is characterized by one-step production of acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material wherein a cellulase and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism are allowed to react simultaneously upon a cellulosic material and ferment the substrate to acetone and butanol.
Description
- ~0.'~348'7 Cellulose or cellulose-containing substance is one of the most abundant resources existing on earth and is used as a raw material in various fields of industry. As a means of utilizing such cellulose or cellulosic materials, various proposals have been reported concerning the pro-duction of ethanol, lactic acid, acetone, butanol and the like by hydrolyzing these materials to glucose, an ingredient of cellulose, and using the produced glucose as a raw material of the fermentation products. However, this method has a drawback in that, different from the case in which molasses is used as a raw material, cellulose or cellulosic material which is a starting substrate must be hydrolyzed to glucose first, so at least two steps, that is, hydrolysis and -fermentation that follows are required. Since cellulosic materials are difficult to decomposed, the obtained glucose is of low concentration which results in a low concentration of fermentation products. Especially, when the concentration of a produced acetone-butanol mixture is low, separation and purification of the mixture become difficult. Accordingly, this two-step method is impractical.
It has now been found that greater concentration of an acetone-butanol mixture can be obtained from a cellu-losic material by one-step process when the cellulosic material is simultaneously reacted upon by a cellulase and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism. Therefore, the present invention proposes a method wherein acetone and butanol can -be produced advantageously from a cellulosic material by one-step process.
"Cellulosic materials" used as starting materials in this invention means cellu]ose or substances composed predominantly of cellulose which include wood, rice straw, . --`` 1()93487 r~ce ~usk, corn stalk, corn cobs and paper wastes such as newspaper, ~aste corrugated paper, waste magazine, short fiber from paper manufacturing plants and fibrous wastes from cities and industries. For these substances to be used effectively ~s substrates, it is desirable to pulverize or disintegrate them.
For saccharifying these cellulosic substrates, use of a commercially available cellulase such as Cellulase Onozuka will suffice. A liquid enzymatic preparation such as liquid culture filtrate or solid culture extract from a cellulase-producing microorganism such as T.viride may be used, Also a liquid culture or solid culture of T. viride itself may be used as a crude whole culture mixture without `~
separation, extraction, or purification.
As an acetone-butanol producing microorganism to ~-be simultaneously used with the cellulase, there can be employed the well-known microorganism, for example, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium saccharoacetobutylicum.
In order for the cellulosic substrate to be -~
simultaneously reacted upon by a cellulase and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism, an aqueous suspension con-taining 1 to 50% (weight) cellulosic material, appropriate amounts of nitrogen source, inorganic salts and other nutrient is prepared and sterilized by a conventional method so as to serve as the substrate. A cellulase (or cellulase-containing liquid) is added to the substrate and at the same time, an acetone-butanol producing microorganism cultured in advance is added there so that the fermentation will proceed.
The temperature and pH conditions depend on the microorganism and the kind of cellulase to be used, but generally, it is desirable to choose the optimum condition 334l~37 from the range of 30 to 55C and pH 4 to 6. Fermentation times also differ depending upon the kind of cellulosic material, an acetone-butanol producing microorganism and activities of a cellulase, but usually the desired amount of acetone-butanol is produced in 48 hours.
As can be seen in Example below, this invention not only simplifies the production processes but also reduces the inhibition of glucose on cellulase reaction as well as on the acetone-butanol producing microorganism comparing to the conventional method which consists of two-step process, i.e.
saccharification and fermentation, because in this invention the concentration of sugar in the medium is kept low through-out the fermentation process. As a result, yields of acetone-butanol per cellulose markedly increase.
This invention relates to a method for the economical and advantageous one-step production of acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material.
The present invention will now be described specifically with reference to preferred embodiments.
EXAMPLE
PREPARATION OF SEED CULTURE.
Clostridium acetobutylicum IFO 3854, acetone-butanol producing microorganism was inoculated on 10 ml of a sterilized medium composed of the following components and cultivated anaerobically at 37C for 3 days.
Medium composition:
Glucose 20g Polypeptone 5g KH2 4 g K2HPO4 0.5g MgSO4.7H2O 0.2g .
10'~34~37 MnSO4.4 - 5 H2O 10mg FeSO4.7H2O 10mg NaCl lOmg Deionized water 1 liter pH 6.5 From a medium consisting of the above components, 50 ml was allowed into a 100 ml flask and 5 ml of the above-mentioned culture solution was added to it to cultivate anaerobically at 37C for 3 days. This was made a seed culture.
(1) Medium A
A medium having the same composition as above except 60g glu~ose instead of 20g.
It has now been found that greater concentration of an acetone-butanol mixture can be obtained from a cellu-losic material by one-step process when the cellulosic material is simultaneously reacted upon by a cellulase and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism. Therefore, the present invention proposes a method wherein acetone and butanol can -be produced advantageously from a cellulosic material by one-step process.
"Cellulosic materials" used as starting materials in this invention means cellu]ose or substances composed predominantly of cellulose which include wood, rice straw, . --`` 1()93487 r~ce ~usk, corn stalk, corn cobs and paper wastes such as newspaper, ~aste corrugated paper, waste magazine, short fiber from paper manufacturing plants and fibrous wastes from cities and industries. For these substances to be used effectively ~s substrates, it is desirable to pulverize or disintegrate them.
For saccharifying these cellulosic substrates, use of a commercially available cellulase such as Cellulase Onozuka will suffice. A liquid enzymatic preparation such as liquid culture filtrate or solid culture extract from a cellulase-producing microorganism such as T.viride may be used, Also a liquid culture or solid culture of T. viride itself may be used as a crude whole culture mixture without `~
separation, extraction, or purification.
As an acetone-butanol producing microorganism to ~-be simultaneously used with the cellulase, there can be employed the well-known microorganism, for example, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium saccharoacetobutylicum.
In order for the cellulosic substrate to be -~
simultaneously reacted upon by a cellulase and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism, an aqueous suspension con-taining 1 to 50% (weight) cellulosic material, appropriate amounts of nitrogen source, inorganic salts and other nutrient is prepared and sterilized by a conventional method so as to serve as the substrate. A cellulase (or cellulase-containing liquid) is added to the substrate and at the same time, an acetone-butanol producing microorganism cultured in advance is added there so that the fermentation will proceed.
The temperature and pH conditions depend on the microorganism and the kind of cellulase to be used, but generally, it is desirable to choose the optimum condition 334l~37 from the range of 30 to 55C and pH 4 to 6. Fermentation times also differ depending upon the kind of cellulosic material, an acetone-butanol producing microorganism and activities of a cellulase, but usually the desired amount of acetone-butanol is produced in 48 hours.
As can be seen in Example below, this invention not only simplifies the production processes but also reduces the inhibition of glucose on cellulase reaction as well as on the acetone-butanol producing microorganism comparing to the conventional method which consists of two-step process, i.e.
saccharification and fermentation, because in this invention the concentration of sugar in the medium is kept low through-out the fermentation process. As a result, yields of acetone-butanol per cellulose markedly increase.
This invention relates to a method for the economical and advantageous one-step production of acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material.
The present invention will now be described specifically with reference to preferred embodiments.
EXAMPLE
PREPARATION OF SEED CULTURE.
Clostridium acetobutylicum IFO 3854, acetone-butanol producing microorganism was inoculated on 10 ml of a sterilized medium composed of the following components and cultivated anaerobically at 37C for 3 days.
Medium composition:
Glucose 20g Polypeptone 5g KH2 4 g K2HPO4 0.5g MgSO4.7H2O 0.2g .
10'~34~37 MnSO4.4 - 5 H2O 10mg FeSO4.7H2O 10mg NaCl lOmg Deionized water 1 liter pH 6.5 From a medium consisting of the above components, 50 ml was allowed into a 100 ml flask and 5 ml of the above-mentioned culture solution was added to it to cultivate anaerobically at 37C for 3 days. This was made a seed culture.
(1) Medium A
A medium having the same composition as above except 60g glu~ose instead of 20g.
(2) Medium B
A medium having the same composition as mentioned above except 100g cellulose powder (below 100 mesh) instead of glucose.
CELLULASE AND ITS ACTIVITY.
A commercially available cellulase was salted out by ammonium sulfate and desalted; then it was liophilized to make a pure cellulase.
One gram of this cellulase was dissolved into 100 ml water with pH adjusted to 4.5, and 10g cellulose powder (below 100 mesh) was added to it. Then a saccharifi-cation was conducted at 45C for 48 hours. When the saccharification was finished the reaction solution was analyzed by a liquid chromatography, and 3.2g glucose was found to form. In other words, this cellulase had the activity as mentioned above.
30 FERMENTl~TION PROCESS.
One gram of the above described cellulase and 5 ml ~ 348'7 of the seed culture prepared as stated before were added to 100 ml of the well agitated medium B. The mixture was adjusted to pH 6.5 and then was allowed fermentation anaerobically at 37C for 48 hours while controlling pH
not to drop below 4.5.
EXAMPLE FOR COMPARISON.
(1) The above described Medium B was agitated thoroughly and 100 ml of it was added with 3g of the above-mentioned cellulase. The mixture was adjusted to pH 4.5 and was allowed saccharification at 45C for 48 hours. When the resultant sugar solution was analyzed, the production of 6.3g glucose was observed. The sugar solution (glucose content 6.3g )was thermally sterilized and 5 ml of the seed culture prepared as described earlier was added to it. Then an acetone-butanol fermentation was conducted anaerobically at 37C for 48 hours.
(2) Five mili-liter of the seed culture prepared as described above was inoculated to 100 ml of the above-mentioned Medium A which had been thermally sterilized. The mixture was adjusted to pH 6.5, and was allowed to react anaerobically at 37C for 48 hours controlling pH not to drop below 4.5. The results of the examples are summarized in the following table. Products were analyzed by gaschromatography.
A medium having the same composition as mentioned above except 100g cellulose powder (below 100 mesh) instead of glucose.
CELLULASE AND ITS ACTIVITY.
A commercially available cellulase was salted out by ammonium sulfate and desalted; then it was liophilized to make a pure cellulase.
One gram of this cellulase was dissolved into 100 ml water with pH adjusted to 4.5, and 10g cellulose powder (below 100 mesh) was added to it. Then a saccharifi-cation was conducted at 45C for 48 hours. When the saccharification was finished the reaction solution was analyzed by a liquid chromatography, and 3.2g glucose was found to form. In other words, this cellulase had the activity as mentioned above.
30 FERMENTl~TION PROCESS.
One gram of the above described cellulase and 5 ml ~ 348'7 of the seed culture prepared as stated before were added to 100 ml of the well agitated medium B. The mixture was adjusted to pH 6.5 and then was allowed fermentation anaerobically at 37C for 48 hours while controlling pH
not to drop below 4.5.
EXAMPLE FOR COMPARISON.
(1) The above described Medium B was agitated thoroughly and 100 ml of it was added with 3g of the above-mentioned cellulase. The mixture was adjusted to pH 4.5 and was allowed saccharification at 45C for 48 hours. When the resultant sugar solution was analyzed, the production of 6.3g glucose was observed. The sugar solution (glucose content 6.3g )was thermally sterilized and 5 ml of the seed culture prepared as described earlier was added to it. Then an acetone-butanol fermentation was conducted anaerobically at 37C for 48 hours.
(2) Five mili-liter of the seed culture prepared as described above was inoculated to 100 ml of the above-mentioned Medium A which had been thermally sterilized. The mixture was adjusted to pH 6.5, and was allowed to react anaerobically at 37C for 48 hours controlling pH not to drop below 4.5. The results of the examples are summarized in the following table. Products were analyzed by gaschromatography.
3~97 TABLE
Product Substrate Cellulase Acetone Butanol (mg/ml)(mg/ml) ¦
this inven-Cellulose tion lOg lg 4.43 7.53 Example (1)Cellulose lOg 3g 3.20 5.52 Example (2~Glucose 3.24 5.50 .
As can be seen from the above table, the present invention produces acetone and butanol 1.4 times as much as those obtained by the conventional method wherein cellulose is previously hydrolyzed to glucose to use as the substrate (Example 1) or glucose itself is employed as the substrate (Example 2~. Accordingly, this invention has an advantage in that acetone and butanol are produced by a simple one-step process, that the yields of the products are much im-proved and that the consumption of cellulase is less comparing to the conventional methods.
Product Substrate Cellulase Acetone Butanol (mg/ml)(mg/ml) ¦
this inven-Cellulose tion lOg lg 4.43 7.53 Example (1)Cellulose lOg 3g 3.20 5.52 Example (2~Glucose 3.24 5.50 .
As can be seen from the above table, the present invention produces acetone and butanol 1.4 times as much as those obtained by the conventional method wherein cellulose is previously hydrolyzed to glucose to use as the substrate (Example 1) or glucose itself is employed as the substrate (Example 2~. Accordingly, this invention has an advantage in that acetone and butanol are produced by a simple one-step process, that the yields of the products are much im-proved and that the consumption of cellulase is less comparing to the conventional methods.
Claims (2)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A one-step production of acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material wherein the cellulosic material, a cellulase, and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism are allowed to react simultaneously thereby saccharifying and fermenting the cellulosic material to acetone and butanol.
2. A method of manufacture of acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material wherein a greater than expected yield of product is produced comprising combining in one reaction vessel the cellulosic material, a cellulase, and an acetone-butanol producing microorganism, allowing the reaction to occur and recovering therefrom acetone and butanol.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4940177A JPS53136585A (en) | 1977-04-28 | 1977-04-28 | Production of acetone and butanol from cellulosic substance |
| JP52/49401 | 1977-04-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1093487A true CA1093487A (en) | 1981-01-13 |
Family
ID=12830011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA293,799A Expired CA1093487A (en) | 1977-04-28 | 1977-12-22 | Method of producing acetone and butanol from a cellulosic material |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53136585A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE863677A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1093487A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2754650A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK183578A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI780341A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2388883A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1552207A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1089324B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7800106A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO780351L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE438868B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2483944B1 (en) * | 1980-06-09 | 1986-05-02 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | NEW FUELS BASED ON BUTYL ALCOHOL AND ACETONE |
| FR2493863A1 (en) * | 1980-11-07 | 1982-05-14 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | NEW FUEL BASED ON FUEL CONTAINING ETHANOL HYDRATE AND AN ADDITIVE |
| KR100481692B1 (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2005-04-07 | 배진호 | Valve activity apparatus for engine |
| US7943363B2 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2011-05-17 | University Of Massachusetts | Methods and compositions for improving the production of products in microorganisms |
| GB2468558A (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-15 | Qteros Inc | Fermentation process comprising microorganism and external source of enzymes such as cellulase |
-
1977
- 1977-04-28 JP JP4940177A patent/JPS53136585A/en active Granted
- 1977-12-08 DE DE19772754650 patent/DE2754650A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-12-21 GB GB53337/77A patent/GB1552207A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-22 CA CA293,799A patent/CA1093487A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-30 IT IT31511/77A patent/IT1089324B/en active
-
1978
- 1978-01-04 NL NL7800106A patent/NL7800106A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-02-01 NO NO780351A patent/NO780351L/en unknown
- 1978-02-02 FI FI780341A patent/FI780341A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-02-02 SE SE7801262A patent/SE438868B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-02-06 BE BE184924A patent/BE863677A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-02-06 FR FR7803245A patent/FR2388883A1/en active Granted
- 1978-04-27 DK DK183578A patent/DK183578A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI780341A (en) | 1978-10-29 |
| SE7801262L (en) | 1978-10-29 |
| JPS53136585A (en) | 1978-11-29 |
| BE863677A (en) | 1978-08-07 |
| DE2754650A1 (en) | 1978-11-09 |
| GB1552207A (en) | 1979-09-12 |
| JPS5710719B2 (en) | 1982-02-27 |
| FR2388883A1 (en) | 1978-11-24 |
| NL7800106A (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| SE438868B (en) | 1985-05-13 |
| DK183578A (en) | 1978-10-29 |
| NO780351L (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| FR2388883B3 (en) | 1980-10-10 |
| IT1089324B (en) | 1985-06-18 |
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