BG1538U1 - COMPLETE LIQUID FERTILIZER - Google Patents

Abstract

     The useful model refers to the field of production and use of liquid complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and can be used to increase the yields and quality of agricultural crops. The complex slurry contains N, P2 O5: K2O = 1: 1: 1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the form of ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride and urea at the following mass ratio. %: N-P-K-component 3-25 urea 4-20 water to 100% The complex fertilizer is a stable balanced system, which has valuable agrochemical properties. The main nutrients are almost completely absorbed by the plants. The use of complex slurry additionally allows to reduce the rate of use of pesticides without loss of yield from crops.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of complex liquid fertilizers intended for soil and / or foliar nutrition of crops.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Complex mineral fertilizers are concentrated and high-speed chemical compounds containing, as a rule, several nutrients and contributing to the rapid growth of biomass and increasing the resistance of plants to pests and diseases.

The production and use of liquid fertilizers, also called water-soluble fertilizers, has increased in recent years. They are especially suitable for leaf feeding. It has been found that the nutrients are absorbed more quickly and fully when applied to the surface of the leaf mass. When fertilized with liquid fertilizers, a general stimulation of plant development during the vegetative phase is provided. Such fertilizers may be included in the basic nutrients, the so-called macronutrients, and trace elements in complex or chelated form. Leaf fertilizers can also be mixed with plant protection products and growth regulators.

EP 0107450 describes a composition of a liquid manure suitable for houseplants containing a source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium together with trace elements and additionally gibberellic acid or a salt thereof. It may additionally contain alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid. Trace elements include ferrous and ferrous iron, manganese, monovalent and divalent copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum (6+) or boron as borate or a mixture thereof. Additionally contains a polymer flocculant.

Patent BG 63533 describes a complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) liquid trace element fertilizer, a reaction product of urea, phosphoric acid, and potassium hydroxide containing by weight. %: 9 to 12 N, 9 to 11 P ₂ O ₅ , 9 to 11 K ₂ O, and at least one of the following trace elements: B, Co, Cu, Fe, Feη, Mo,

Zn and an effective amount of at least one of the following chelating agents - the sodium, potassium or ammonium salts HaEDTA, DPTA, EDDHA, HEEDTA, EDDHMA, EDDCHA or the acids themselves. The complex liquid fertilizer is intended for foliage and root nutrition of vegetables, grains, fruit, citrus and industrial crops, vineyards, flowers and ornamental shrubs during their growing season.

These formulations are multicomponent. The content of trace elements complicates the production of fertilizers and their application is limited by the contingent of plant species to which they can be applied, the soils on which the plants are grown, and the stages of development at which fertilizer application is appropriate.

A major difficulty in the development of liquid fertilizers, and in particular for foliar feeding, is to find such nutrients and their contents in the complex fertilizer that the plant leaves will not be burned at nutrient-effective concentrations and doses.

The technical nature of the utility model

The purpose of the present utility model is to create a complex liquid fertilizer that enhances the yield and quality of the crops grown, which is balanced with respect to the basic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), with nitrogen present in the form well absorbed by the plants, with stability of the liquid form without the use of additional stabilizing agents, which will not cause burning of the leaves of the plants and at the same time have good adhesion properties.

The objective is achieved with a complex liquid fertilizer containing ammonium phosphate (NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ ), ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) and potassium chloride (KCl) in quantities providing the ratio N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1 and urea at the following weights. %:

N-P-K - Component 3-25

Urea 4-20

Water up to 100

It has been experimentally found that the proposed ratio of components provides the production of liquid fertilizer including the required amount of nutrients

1538 Ul (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in a plant-friendly form without undesirable impurities. Within the proposed range of component quantities and subject to the indicated concentrations, the liquid fertilizer according to the invention has no detrimental effect on the leaves of the plants. Good adhesion properties have been identified. The fertilizer has a simple, easy-to-prepare composition, allowing it to be mixed with various trace elements, growth regulators and pesticides for application at the most appropriate time of plant development.

The proposed ratio of components is optimal. Changing the intervals of these values is inappropriate as it leads to a deterioration of the soil environment and a decrease in the yield of the treated crops.

Fertilizer, according to the utility model, is a stable balanced system that has valuable agrochemical properties due to the optimum nitrogen content in ammonium (NH ₄ ), nitrate (NO ₃ ) and amide (NH ₂ ) forms, as well as the optimum phosphorus content and potassium. The nutrients are almost completely absorbed by the plants. According to the utility model, the complex liquid fertilizer provides lower doses of fertilizer introduced into the soil and increases the economic effect. Expands the range of complex mineral fertilizers. In addition, the use of the fertilizer 5 according to the invention allows to reduce the rate of pesticide application without reducing the yields.

Exemplary embodiments of the utility model o Obtaining the complex fertilizer is as follows. Pour 150 kg (11.3% by weight) of a mixture of NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ , NH ₄ NO ₃ and KCl with composition N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1 in 1 m ^{3 of} water. 1 with stirring until completely dissolved. 180 kg (13.5% by weight) of urea are then added to 15 with stirring until complete dissolution. The resulting mixture was left to stand until a precipitate formed and the solution clarified, until a precipitate was dropped and the solution clarified. The clear solution is a complex fertilizer containing nutrients in the final product: nitrogen N = 106,8 kg, phosphorus calculated as P ₂ O ₅ = 18 kg, potassium calculated as K ₂ O = 24 kg. The practical losses of phosphorus in the clarified solution calculated as P ₂ O ₅ account for 25%.

Table 1 gives examples of a particular liquid fertilizer obtained at different component ratios.

Table 1

Characteristics Composition,% mass

the joint 3: 4: 93 N-P-K component: urea: water 25:20:55 3:20:77 25: 4: 71 Temperature of the solution after complete dissolution of the urea, ° C Amount of +12 -10: -15 +2 +2 sludge after precipitation,% Amount of 2.7 22 2.1 13.5 final product,% 97.3 78 97.9 86.5

8: 9: 83

1538 Ul

Examples of fertilizer use according to utility model

According to the utility model, winter wheat, summer barley, corn and sunflower plantations were cultivated for 3 years. The following table shows the yields obtained and those obtained from untreated sections.

Table 2

Characteristics Wheat Barley the joint winter summer

Maize

Sunflower

2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011

Yield

control 46,1 37,8 49,3 38 27.3 39.8 68.3 49.5 74,4 23.4 17.2 25.7 plot, μ / ha Yield using 55,2 46.5 55,3 43,7 34.6 46.6 76,5 59,4 82.5 28.5 21.5 29.3 fertilizer, in c / ha Increase in yield 19.7 23 ! 12,1 15 26.7 17 12 20 10.8 21.7 25 14

At 1 ha,%

As can be seen from the results given in the table, for three years an increase in yield was obtained in 4 crops: winter wheat - from 12.1 to 23%, summer barley - from 15 to 26.7%, maize - from 10.8 to 20%, sunflower - from 14 to 25%.

Upon application of the complex liquid fertilizer, according to the utility model of the experimental plots ^ 5 together with pesticides, the amount of pesticides is reduced by 10-15%. There was no difference in yield between the control area and the treated sections. It follows that the application of the fertilizer mixture according to the invention, 4θ and pesticides, enhances the action of the pesticides, which allows reducing the amounts of pesticides used.

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Complex liquid fertilizer based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components with composition N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1, characterized in that it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the form of ammonium phosphate (ΝΗ ₄ Η ₂ ΡΟ ₄ ), ammonium nitrate (ΝΗ ₄ ΝΟ ₃ ) and potassium chloride (KC1) and additionally contains urea at the following proportions in wt. %: N-P-K component 3-25 urea 4-20 water to 100.