AU564034B2 - Electroplating non-metallic surfaces - Google Patents
Electroplating non-metallic surfacesInfo
- Publication number
- AU564034B2 AU564034B2 AU16481/83A AU1648183A AU564034B2 AU 564034 B2 AU564034 B2 AU 564034B2 AU 16481/83 A AU16481/83 A AU 16481/83A AU 1648183 A AU1648183 A AU 1648183A AU 564034 B2 AU564034 B2 AU 564034B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- metallic surfaces
- electroplating non
- electroplating
- metallic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/423—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by electroplating method
- H05K3/424—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by electroplating method by direct electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
- C25D5/56—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1872—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1875—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment only one step pretreatment
- C23C18/1879—Use of metal, e.g. activation, sensitisation with noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1872—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1886—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/1889—Multistep pretreatment with use of metal first
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/285—Sensitising or activating with tin based compound or composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/17—Post-manufacturing processes
- H05K2203/173—Adding connections between adjacent pads or conductors, e.g. for modifying or repairing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/425—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by the sequence of steps for plating the through-holes or via connections in relation to the conductive pattern
- H05K3/427—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by the sequence of steps for plating the through-holes or via connections in relation to the conductive pattern initial plating of through-holes in metal-clad substrates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Printing Elements For Providing Electric Connections Between Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US39444282A | 1982-07-01 | 1982-07-01 | |
US394442 | 1982-07-01 | ||
US50116783A | 1983-06-10 | 1983-06-10 | |
US501167 | 1983-06-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU1648183A AU1648183A (en) | 1984-01-05 |
AU564034B2 true AU564034B2 (en) | 1987-07-30 |
Family
ID=27014738
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU16481/83A Ceased AU564034B2 (en) | 1982-07-01 | 1983-07-01 | Electroplating non-metallic surfaces |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR890002623B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT383149B (en) |
AU (1) | AU564034B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1226846A (en) |
CH (1) | CH655518B (en) |
DE (1) | DE3323476A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK303083A (en) |
ES (1) | ES8404769A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2529582B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2123036B (en) |
IL (1) | IL69122A (en) |
IN (1) | IN160555B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1208659B (en) |
NL (1) | NL8302344A (en) |
SE (1) | SE462434B (en) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3339946A1 (en) * | 1983-11-04 | 1985-05-23 | Klaus 6500 Mainz Eisenmenger | Process for metallising printed circuit board hole walls |
DE3412447A1 (en) * | 1984-03-31 | 1985-11-28 | Schering AG, 1000 Berlin und 4709 Bergkamen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRINTED CIRCUITS |
US4891069A (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1990-01-02 | Techno Instruments Investments 1983 Ltd. | Composition for the electrolytic coating of circuit boards without an electroless metal coating |
US4749449A (en) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-06-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Metallization utilizing a catalyst which is removed or deactivated from undesired surface areas |
US5007990A (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1991-04-16 | Shipley Company Inc. | Electroplating process |
DE3741459C1 (en) * | 1987-12-08 | 1989-04-13 | Blasberg Oberflaechentech | Process for the production of plated-through printed circuit boards |
US4810333A (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-03-07 | Shipley Company Inc. | Electroplating process |
US4895739A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1990-01-23 | Shipley Company Inc. | Pretreatment for electroplating process |
US4873136A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1989-10-10 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing polymer surfaces for subsequent plating thereon, and improved metal-plated plastic articles made therefrom |
US5004525A (en) * | 1988-08-23 | 1991-04-02 | Shipley Company Inc. | Copper electroplating composition |
US5068013A (en) * | 1988-08-23 | 1991-11-26 | Shipley Company Inc. | Electroplating composition and process |
US4969979A (en) * | 1989-05-08 | 1990-11-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Direct electroplating of through holes |
DE3928832C2 (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1995-04-20 | Blasberg Oberflaechentech | Process for the production of plated-through printed circuit boards and semi-finished printed circuit boards |
AU644602B2 (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1993-12-16 | Blasberg-Oberflachentechnik Gmbh | Plated-through printed circuit board with resist and process for producing it |
US5342501A (en) * | 1989-11-21 | 1994-08-30 | Eric F. Harnden | Method for electroplating metal onto a non-conductive substrate treated with basic accelerating solutions for metal plating |
US5071517A (en) * | 1989-11-21 | 1991-12-10 | Solution Technology Systems | Method for directly electroplating a dielectric substrate and plated substrate so produced |
US4959121A (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1990-09-25 | General Electric Company | Method for treating a polyimide surface for subsequent plating thereon |
US5207888A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-05-04 | Shipley Company Inc. | Electroplating process and composition |
US5376248A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1994-12-27 | Enthone-Omi, Inc. | Direct metallization process |
DE4138214A1 (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1993-05-27 | Daimler Benz Ag | Metallisation of aluminium nitride ceramic - involves ceramic treatment to remove glass surface film |
US5262042A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1993-11-16 | Eric F. Harnden | Simplified method for direct electroplating of dielectric substrates |
DE4206680C1 (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1994-01-27 | Schering Ag | Process for the metallization of non-conductive surfaces and the use of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid in the process |
US5262041A (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1993-11-16 | Shipley Company Inc. | Additive plating process |
US5415762A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-05-16 | Shipley Company Inc. | Electroplating process and composition |
DE4412463C3 (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2000-02-10 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Process for the preparation of a palladium colloid solution and its use |
US5626736A (en) | 1996-01-19 | 1997-05-06 | Shipley Company, L.L.C. | Electroplating process |
DE19643823C2 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2002-10-17 | Lpw Chemie Gmbh | Process for the direct functional metallization of the surface of a plastic object |
FR2946433B1 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2013-07-12 | Ecole Polytechnique Dgar | USE OF AN AMORPHOUS SILICON LAYER AND ANALYSIS METHOD |
KR101460749B1 (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-11-13 | (주)제이스 | Lamination technical development of metal printed circuit board having high heat-radiation property |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2733198A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Acid copper plating bath | ||
US3095608A (en) * | 1959-12-09 | 1963-07-02 | Cabot Corp | Process and apparatus for extruding and curing polymeric compositions |
US3099608A (en) * | 1959-12-30 | 1963-07-30 | Ibm | Method of electroplating on a dielectric base |
US3414493A (en) * | 1965-10-19 | 1968-12-03 | Lea Ronal Inc | Electrodeposition of copper |
DE1790293B2 (en) * | 1966-02-22 | 1973-12-13 | Photocircuits Corp., Glen Cove, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Process for the production of printed circuits excretion from 1665314 |
US3682671A (en) * | 1970-02-05 | 1972-08-08 | Kollmorgen Corp | Novel precious metal sensitizing solutions |
FR2102630A5 (en) * | 1970-08-12 | 1972-04-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Insulant-metal-bond formation process - esp for metal coating of quartz tubes |
FR2122456B1 (en) * | 1971-01-20 | 1976-07-23 | Hoechst Ag | |
US3984290A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1976-10-05 | Georgy Avenirovich Kitaev | Method of forming intralayer junctions in a multilayer structure |
US4336114A (en) * | 1981-03-26 | 1982-06-22 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Electrodeposition of bright copper |
-
1983
- 1983-06-27 DE DE19833323476 patent/DE3323476A1/en active Granted
- 1983-06-28 GB GB08317516A patent/GB2123036B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-29 SE SE8303716A patent/SE462434B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-29 CA CA000431423A patent/CA1226846A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-30 KR KR8302962A patent/KR890002623B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-30 IL IL69122A patent/IL69122A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-30 CH CH360083A patent/CH655518B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-30 AT AT0240783A patent/AT383149B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-06-30 FR FR838310851A patent/FR2529582B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-30 DK DK303083A patent/DK303083A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-07-01 ES ES523785A patent/ES8404769A1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-07-01 NL NL8302344A patent/NL8302344A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-07-01 AU AU16481/83A patent/AU564034B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-07-01 IT IT8348608A patent/IT1208659B/en active
-
1984
- 1984-01-24 IN IN68/DEL/84A patent/IN160555B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8317516D0 (en) | 1983-08-03 |
ES523785A0 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
DE3323476A1 (en) | 1984-01-05 |
DE3323476C2 (en) | 1988-10-20 |
SE462434B (en) | 1990-06-25 |
GB2123036A (en) | 1984-01-25 |
SE8303716L (en) | 1984-01-02 |
KR890002623B1 (en) | 1989-07-20 |
ATA240783A (en) | 1986-10-15 |
SE8303716D0 (en) | 1983-06-29 |
CH655518B (en) | 1986-04-30 |
DK303083A (en) | 1984-01-02 |
IN160555B (en) | 1987-07-18 |
FR2529582B1 (en) | 1989-05-19 |
CA1226846A (en) | 1987-09-15 |
AT383149B (en) | 1987-05-25 |
IT1208659B (en) | 1989-07-10 |
DK303083D0 (en) | 1983-06-30 |
FR2529582A1 (en) | 1984-01-06 |
ES8404769A1 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
GB2123036B (en) | 1986-07-09 |
AU1648183A (en) | 1984-01-05 |
IL69122A (en) | 1987-01-30 |
IL69122A0 (en) | 1983-10-31 |
NL8302344A (en) | 1984-02-01 |
IT8348608A0 (en) | 1983-07-01 |
KR840005498A (en) | 1984-11-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU564034B2 (en) | Electroplating non-metallic surfaces | |
DE3272891D1 (en) | Electroplating arrangements | |
GB2168724B (en) | Ion plating on elongated member | |
AU553436B2 (en) | Boat | |
EP0125838A3 (en) | Direction finding | |
AU553651B2 (en) | Anodic structure | |
AU542393B2 (en) | Nickel electroplating bath | |
DE3477008D1 (en) | High solid coatings | |
AU552731B2 (en) | Metal electro-deposition | |
GB2124943B (en) | Machining curved surfaces | |
DE3366010D1 (en) | Cathode-precipitating electrodeposition coating composition | |
GB2141141B (en) | Electrodepositing copper | |
AU563648B2 (en) | Benzamidines | |
AU544050B2 (en) | Zinc plating bath | |
AU548950B2 (en) | Steel sheet with multilayer electroplating | |
AU1292583A (en) | Electroplating control | |
AU527953B2 (en) | Nickel-amine electroplating bath | |
AU7554881A (en) | Nickel-amine electroplating bath | |
GB2104630B (en) | Armour plating | |
AU572748B2 (en) | Electroplating fibres | |
GB2134545B (en) | Electroplating chromium | |
GB2116586B (en) | Barrel electroplating | |
ZA834786B (en) | Method for electroplating non-metallic surfaces | |
AU8705482A (en) | Electroplating metal parts | |
GB2067597B (en) | Plating |