Water, Cryosphere, and Climate Change in the Himalayas, 2021
Multispectral satellite imageries analyzed that the Himalayan region reflected the fast retreat o... more Multispectral satellite imageries analyzed that the Himalayan region reflected the fast retreat of most of the glaciers. This further showed that especially the moraine-dammed proglacial lakes are also increasing. Those lakes are a major threat to property and life to downstream locations. Numerous research carried out in the Himalayan region under the changing climate and glacier status has indicated an alarming rise in the number and sizes of the glacial lakes that may be potentially disastrous when converts into the glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). This study focusses on the glacial lakes mapping at the different time frame in the basins of Chenab, Ravi, Satluj and Beas of Himachal Himalaya using LISS III. The remotely sensed imageries on the GIS platform helped in preparing the moraine dammed glacial lake inventory and assessing the potentiality of becoming the GLOF in these basins. This is of prime importance for preparedness against disasters due to GLOFs. This requires a c...
In present study solid-state nuclear track detectors (LR-115 Type-II) ( from Kodak France) is in ... more In present study solid-state nuclear track detectors (LR-115 Type-II) ( from Kodak France) is in order to determine the soil gas radon profile in areas of middle shivaliks active fault systems in Jwalaji and Dehra region ,India a well known seismic zone”.To study the radon anomalies of the region.Area under study divide into five profiles. Radon shows variation not only due to the tectonic structures but also due to change in lithology.Radon anomalies show that apart from conspicuous thrust MBT-2, the area under study is cut across by the N-S transverse faults/lineaments
Himalayas is a byproduct of the continent-to-continent collision due to the convergent movement o... more Himalayas is a byproduct of the continent-to-continent collision due to the convergent movement of the Indian plate towards Eurasian plate. Dharamsala area of NW Himalayas falls on the southern slope of the Dhauladhar range. The area is seismically active and falls in the High Seismic Zone V of the Seismic Map of India. Diverse lithology within a short span of distance makes the study area tectonically significant. A geochemical soil-gas survey has been conducted in the Dharamsala region. Transverse profiles have been taken across the Main Boundary Thrust 2 (MBT2) and some lineaments in Dharamsala and surrounding areas. To carry out the present investigation soil-gas samples were collected in sample bags at depth of about 0.7-1.0 m by using hollow steel probe. The collected soil-gas sample bags are analyzed for radon and helium. The radon concentration varies from 37 to 754 kBq/m3 and that of helium varies from 5.24 to 5.46 ppm. Anomalous values are found on MBT-2 and other tectonic features present in the area. The data analysis clearly reveals anomalous values of subsurface gases along the fault and lineaments.
The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects ... more The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects of climate change, which include rapid glacier recession, the formation of glacial lakes and the potential for outburst flood hazards. The present study is aimed at analyzing alteration of three benchmark glaciers (Tanak 1, Tanak 2 and Tanak 3) situated in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP), Chenab basin of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Multi-temporal Landsat data (MSS, TM, ETM + and OLI), high-resolution Indian Remote Sensing LISS IV, and Google Earth™ in conjunction with ALOS PALSAR DEM have been utilized in the study. For the periods 1980-93, 1993-99, 1999-2010, and 2010-21 glaciers in the region have deciphered area change of 0.99 (2.9%), 0.53 (1.6%), 0.59 (1.8%) and 0.88 km 2 (2.75%) respectively. During the consolidated time line of 40 years, the total glaciated area has experienced a reduction of 3.02 ± 2.2 km 2 (0.075 km 2 a −1), which amounts to 8.8% shrinkage of glacier area.Glacier recession has given rise to formation and enlargement of moraine dammed lakes. One such proglacial lake (Mundiksar lake) has expanded by 0.258 ± 0.16 km 2 (~ 150%) during 1980-2020. Results further reveal reduction in the surface ice velocity for all the studied glaciers (Tanak 1; − 20.82%, Tanak 2; − 5.29%, Tanak 3; − 12.39%). Based on GlabTop2 model, ice thickness of the three glaciers varies between 10 and 290 m with an average mean ice thickness of 101.78, 87.64, and 80.32 m respectively. Lake volume of the proglacial lake ranges from 0.223 × 10 6 m 3 to 19.275 × 10 6 m 3 and Peak discharge values ranges from 152.51 to 19739.49 m 3 s −1. The work explicitly is indicative of an ongoing expansion of proglacial bodies of water and glacial recession in the region and allures attention towards its associated threats in the downstream area.
The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects ... more The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects of climate change, which include rapid glacier recession, the formation of glacial lakes and the potential for outburst flood hazards. The present study is aimed at analyzing alteration of three benchmark glaciers (Tanak 1, Tanak 2 and Tanak 3) situated in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP), Chenab basin of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Multi-temporal Landsat data (MSS, TM, ETM + and OLI), high-resolution Indian Remote Sensing LISS IV, and Google Earth™ in conjunction with ALOS PALSAR DEM have been utilized in the study. For the periods 1980-93, 1993-99, 1999-2010, and 2010-21 glaciers in the region have deciphered area change of 0.99 (2.9%), 0.53 (1.6%), 0.59 (1.8%) and 0.88 km 2 (2.75%) respectively. During the consolidated time line of 40 years, the total glaciated area has experienced a reduction of 3.02 ± 2.2 km 2 (0.075 km 2 a −1), which amounts to 8.8% shrinkage of glacier area.Glacier recession has given rise to formation and enlargement of moraine dammed lakes. One such proglacial lake (Mundiksar lake) has expanded by 0.258 ± 0.16 km 2 (~ 150%) during 1980-2020. Results further reveal reduction in the surface ice velocity for all the studied glaciers (Tanak 1; − 20.82%, Tanak 2; − 5.29%, Tanak 3; − 12.39%). Based on GlabTop2 model, ice thickness of the three glaciers varies between 10 and 290 m with an average mean ice thickness of 101.78, 87.64, and 80.32 m respectively. Lake volume of the proglacial lake ranges from 0.223 × 10 6 m 3 to 19.275 × 10 6 m 3 and Peak discharge values ranges from 152.51 to 19739.49 m 3 s −1. The work explicitly is indicative of an ongoing expansion of proglacial bodies of water and glacial recession in the region and allures attention towards its associated threats in the downstream area.
Soil erosion is a major environmental problem that affects land and w ater resources. It has many... more Soil erosion is a major environmental problem that affects land and w ater resources. It has many negative implications that lead to deforestation, poor agricultural practices, loss of soil fertility, and siltation that hinder socio-economic development. In view of this, the present study was conducted with the aim of estimating soil loss in relation to long-term land use/land cover change (LULC) in the Dehar watershed, Himachal Himalaya, North India. The study was carried out using Landsat and Sentinel imageries for the years 1999, 2010, and 2020. A GIS-based Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was applied to assess the potential soil risk. The parameters used as input for computing the spatiotemporal changes of soil loss were rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic, crop management, and conservation support practice factors. The results showed a mean soil loss of 63.71, 60.99, and 66.71 t/ha/yr for the years 1999, 2010, and 2020, respectively. In the LULC ...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2021
Soil–gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in ... more Soil–gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in NW Himalayas, India. Compared with the influence of temperature and pressure, radon and rainfall have shown a strong correlation. Decomposition of radon time series into three component series (seasonal, trend, and residual) has been done for further recognizing the authentic anomalous values. The irregular patterns in daily and residual radon data have been associated with earthquake events and rainfall. This monitoring station found to be sensitive to the seismic events within a distance of about 70 km.
Soil-gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in ... more Soil-gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in NW Himalayas, India. Compared with the influence of temperature and pressure, radon and rainfall have shown a strong correlation. Decomposition of radon time series into three component series (seasonal, trend, and residual) has been done for further recognizing the authentic anomalous values. The irregular patterns in daily and residual radon data have been associated with earthquake events and rainfall. This monitoring station found to be sensitive to the seismic events within a distance of about 70 km.
The Himalayan mountain system to the north of the Indian land mass with arcuate strike of NW-SE f... more The Himalayan mountain system to the north of the Indian land mass with arcuate strike of NW-SE for about 2400 km holds one of the largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions in its high-altitude regions. Perennial snow and ice-melt from these frozen reservoirs is used in catchments and alluvial plains of the three major Himalayan river systems, i.e. the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra for irrigation, hydropower generation, production of bio-resources and fulfilling the domestic water demand. Also, variations in the extent of these glaciers are understood to be a sensitive indicator of climatic variations of the earth system and might have implications on the availability of water resources in the river systems. Therefore, mapping and monitoring of these freshwater resources is required for the planning of water resources and understanding the impact of climatic variations. Thus a study has been carried out to find the change in the extent of Himalayan glaciers during t...
Challenges in the course of sustainable development, predominantly dearth of natural resources an... more Challenges in the course of sustainable development, predominantly dearth of natural resources and waste management have suggested scientific community across the globe to seek novel processes to reduce ecological disturbances. For this purpose, microbial leaching process; a commercial application of bio-hydrometallurgy, could be a better option as it serves as a potential candidate for the retrieval of precious metals from low grade ores containing very low metal concentration, and sulfide minerals. It can also effectively remove excess of metals from soil and sediments and even recover metals from discarded solid waste. The present article intends to highlight the valuable metals which are being recovered by the process of microbial leaching from various kind of solid waste, the mechanism by which metals are mobilized, commercially used bioleaching processes along with their benefits and shortcomings, conditions and factors necessary for the optimization of the microbial leaching process. Emphasis is also being given to the extraction of metals from metal polluted soil and sediments using leaching organisms. It is to be concluded that microbial leaching is a revolutionizing technique bringing out both recovery of metals from solid materials including metal contaminated soil as well as remediation of soil using micro-organisms.
Bark prepared from Mangifera indica has been employed for eradication of safranin-T. Structural a... more Bark prepared from Mangifera indica has been employed for eradication of safranin-T. Structural analysis of bark was attempted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of several parameters was tested and optimized. The percentage adsorption of dye onto bark was found to increase with temperature and dictate endothermic adsorption. About 87% of dye removal was found at contact time of 80 min. The percentage of safranin-T dye removal increased with adsorbent dosage. Different isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were studied to determine the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption capacity of bark was recorded to be 78.96 mg/g. Langmuir model rightly described the adsorption process with higher regression value (R2 = 0.99). The experimental data was found close to using Langmuir isotherm. This confirms the monolayer adsorption of safranin-T dye onto bark. The kinetic study and intra-particle diffusion described that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with greater R2 value. The study confirmed the chemical adsorption of dye onto adsorbent. The different thermodynamic processes confirmed the feasible, spontaneous and endothermic adsorption of dye using M. indica bark.
The present study deals with the radon estimation in 40 water samples collected from different na... more The present study deals with the radon estimation in 40 water samples collected from different natural resources and radium content in the soils of Mandi-Dharamshala Region. Radon concentration is determined by using RAD-7 detector and radium contents of the soil in vicinity of water resources is as well measured by using LR-115 type – II detector, which is further correlated with radon concentration in water samples. The potential health risks related with 222Rn have also been estimated. The results show that the radon concentrations within the range of 1.51 to 22.7Bq/l with an average value of 5.93 Bq/l for all type of water samples taken from study area. The radon concentration in water samples is found lower than 100Bq/l, the exposure limit of radon in water recommended by the World Health Organization. The calculated average effective dose of radon received by the people of study area is 0.022 mSv/y with maximum of 0.083 mSv/y and minimum 0.0056 mSv/y. The total effective dose in all sites of the stu...
... We thank Mrs. NJ Thomas, DGM (Chemistry), llr. 6. N. Prabhu, Chief Chemist and Prof. AB Roy o... more ... We thank Mrs. NJ Thomas, DGM (Chemistry), llr. 6. N. Prabhu, Chief Chemist and Prof. AB Roy of Geology Deptt., Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, for painstakiiigly going through the manuscript and for thcir critical suggestions which improved its earlier version. ...
Water, Cryosphere, and Climate Change in the Himalayas, 2021
Multispectral satellite imageries analyzed that the Himalayan region reflected the fast retreat o... more Multispectral satellite imageries analyzed that the Himalayan region reflected the fast retreat of most of the glaciers. This further showed that especially the moraine-dammed proglacial lakes are also increasing. Those lakes are a major threat to property and life to downstream locations. Numerous research carried out in the Himalayan region under the changing climate and glacier status has indicated an alarming rise in the number and sizes of the glacial lakes that may be potentially disastrous when converts into the glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). This study focusses on the glacial lakes mapping at the different time frame in the basins of Chenab, Ravi, Satluj and Beas of Himachal Himalaya using LISS III. The remotely sensed imageries on the GIS platform helped in preparing the moraine dammed glacial lake inventory and assessing the potentiality of becoming the GLOF in these basins. This is of prime importance for preparedness against disasters due to GLOFs. This requires a c...
In present study solid-state nuclear track detectors (LR-115 Type-II) ( from Kodak France) is in ... more In present study solid-state nuclear track detectors (LR-115 Type-II) ( from Kodak France) is in order to determine the soil gas radon profile in areas of middle shivaliks active fault systems in Jwalaji and Dehra region ,India a well known seismic zone”.To study the radon anomalies of the region.Area under study divide into five profiles. Radon shows variation not only due to the tectonic structures but also due to change in lithology.Radon anomalies show that apart from conspicuous thrust MBT-2, the area under study is cut across by the N-S transverse faults/lineaments
Himalayas is a byproduct of the continent-to-continent collision due to the convergent movement o... more Himalayas is a byproduct of the continent-to-continent collision due to the convergent movement of the Indian plate towards Eurasian plate. Dharamsala area of NW Himalayas falls on the southern slope of the Dhauladhar range. The area is seismically active and falls in the High Seismic Zone V of the Seismic Map of India. Diverse lithology within a short span of distance makes the study area tectonically significant. A geochemical soil-gas survey has been conducted in the Dharamsala region. Transverse profiles have been taken across the Main Boundary Thrust 2 (MBT2) and some lineaments in Dharamsala and surrounding areas. To carry out the present investigation soil-gas samples were collected in sample bags at depth of about 0.7-1.0 m by using hollow steel probe. The collected soil-gas sample bags are analyzed for radon and helium. The radon concentration varies from 37 to 754 kBq/m3 and that of helium varies from 5.24 to 5.46 ppm. Anomalous values are found on MBT-2 and other tectonic features present in the area. The data analysis clearly reveals anomalous values of subsurface gases along the fault and lineaments.
The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects ... more The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects of climate change, which include rapid glacier recession, the formation of glacial lakes and the potential for outburst flood hazards. The present study is aimed at analyzing alteration of three benchmark glaciers (Tanak 1, Tanak 2 and Tanak 3) situated in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP), Chenab basin of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Multi-temporal Landsat data (MSS, TM, ETM + and OLI), high-resolution Indian Remote Sensing LISS IV, and Google Earth™ in conjunction with ALOS PALSAR DEM have been utilized in the study. For the periods 1980-93, 1993-99, 1999-2010, and 2010-21 glaciers in the region have deciphered area change of 0.99 (2.9%), 0.53 (1.6%), 0.59 (1.8%) and 0.88 km 2 (2.75%) respectively. During the consolidated time line of 40 years, the total glaciated area has experienced a reduction of 3.02 ± 2.2 km 2 (0.075 km 2 a −1), which amounts to 8.8% shrinkage of glacier area.Glacier recession has given rise to formation and enlargement of moraine dammed lakes. One such proglacial lake (Mundiksar lake) has expanded by 0.258 ± 0.16 km 2 (~ 150%) during 1980-2020. Results further reveal reduction in the surface ice velocity for all the studied glaciers (Tanak 1; − 20.82%, Tanak 2; − 5.29%, Tanak 3; − 12.39%). Based on GlabTop2 model, ice thickness of the three glaciers varies between 10 and 290 m with an average mean ice thickness of 101.78, 87.64, and 80.32 m respectively. Lake volume of the proglacial lake ranges from 0.223 × 10 6 m 3 to 19.275 × 10 6 m 3 and Peak discharge values ranges from 152.51 to 19739.49 m 3 s −1. The work explicitly is indicative of an ongoing expansion of proglacial bodies of water and glacial recession in the region and allures attention towards its associated threats in the downstream area.
The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects ... more The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects of climate change, which include rapid glacier recession, the formation of glacial lakes and the potential for outburst flood hazards. The present study is aimed at analyzing alteration of three benchmark glaciers (Tanak 1, Tanak 2 and Tanak 3) situated in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP), Chenab basin of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Multi-temporal Landsat data (MSS, TM, ETM + and OLI), high-resolution Indian Remote Sensing LISS IV, and Google Earth™ in conjunction with ALOS PALSAR DEM have been utilized in the study. For the periods 1980-93, 1993-99, 1999-2010, and 2010-21 glaciers in the region have deciphered area change of 0.99 (2.9%), 0.53 (1.6%), 0.59 (1.8%) and 0.88 km 2 (2.75%) respectively. During the consolidated time line of 40 years, the total glaciated area has experienced a reduction of 3.02 ± 2.2 km 2 (0.075 km 2 a −1), which amounts to 8.8% shrinkage of glacier area.Glacier recession has given rise to formation and enlargement of moraine dammed lakes. One such proglacial lake (Mundiksar lake) has expanded by 0.258 ± 0.16 km 2 (~ 150%) during 1980-2020. Results further reveal reduction in the surface ice velocity for all the studied glaciers (Tanak 1; − 20.82%, Tanak 2; − 5.29%, Tanak 3; − 12.39%). Based on GlabTop2 model, ice thickness of the three glaciers varies between 10 and 290 m with an average mean ice thickness of 101.78, 87.64, and 80.32 m respectively. Lake volume of the proglacial lake ranges from 0.223 × 10 6 m 3 to 19.275 × 10 6 m 3 and Peak discharge values ranges from 152.51 to 19739.49 m 3 s −1. The work explicitly is indicative of an ongoing expansion of proglacial bodies of water and glacial recession in the region and allures attention towards its associated threats in the downstream area.
Soil erosion is a major environmental problem that affects land and w ater resources. It has many... more Soil erosion is a major environmental problem that affects land and w ater resources. It has many negative implications that lead to deforestation, poor agricultural practices, loss of soil fertility, and siltation that hinder socio-economic development. In view of this, the present study was conducted with the aim of estimating soil loss in relation to long-term land use/land cover change (LULC) in the Dehar watershed, Himachal Himalaya, North India. The study was carried out using Landsat and Sentinel imageries for the years 1999, 2010, and 2020. A GIS-based Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was applied to assess the potential soil risk. The parameters used as input for computing the spatiotemporal changes of soil loss were rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic, crop management, and conservation support practice factors. The results showed a mean soil loss of 63.71, 60.99, and 66.71 t/ha/yr for the years 1999, 2010, and 2020, respectively. In the LULC ...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2021
Soil–gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in ... more Soil–gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in NW Himalayas, India. Compared with the influence of temperature and pressure, radon and rainfall have shown a strong correlation. Decomposition of radon time series into three component series (seasonal, trend, and residual) has been done for further recognizing the authentic anomalous values. The irregular patterns in daily and residual radon data have been associated with earthquake events and rainfall. This monitoring station found to be sensitive to the seismic events within a distance of about 70 km.
Soil-gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in ... more Soil-gas radon time series data has been generated at Dharamshala station for seismic studies in NW Himalayas, India. Compared with the influence of temperature and pressure, radon and rainfall have shown a strong correlation. Decomposition of radon time series into three component series (seasonal, trend, and residual) has been done for further recognizing the authentic anomalous values. The irregular patterns in daily and residual radon data have been associated with earthquake events and rainfall. This monitoring station found to be sensitive to the seismic events within a distance of about 70 km.
The Himalayan mountain system to the north of the Indian land mass with arcuate strike of NW-SE f... more The Himalayan mountain system to the north of the Indian land mass with arcuate strike of NW-SE for about 2400 km holds one of the largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions in its high-altitude regions. Perennial snow and ice-melt from these frozen reservoirs is used in catchments and alluvial plains of the three major Himalayan river systems, i.e. the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra for irrigation, hydropower generation, production of bio-resources and fulfilling the domestic water demand. Also, variations in the extent of these glaciers are understood to be a sensitive indicator of climatic variations of the earth system and might have implications on the availability of water resources in the river systems. Therefore, mapping and monitoring of these freshwater resources is required for the planning of water resources and understanding the impact of climatic variations. Thus a study has been carried out to find the change in the extent of Himalayan glaciers during t...
Challenges in the course of sustainable development, predominantly dearth of natural resources an... more Challenges in the course of sustainable development, predominantly dearth of natural resources and waste management have suggested scientific community across the globe to seek novel processes to reduce ecological disturbances. For this purpose, microbial leaching process; a commercial application of bio-hydrometallurgy, could be a better option as it serves as a potential candidate for the retrieval of precious metals from low grade ores containing very low metal concentration, and sulfide minerals. It can also effectively remove excess of metals from soil and sediments and even recover metals from discarded solid waste. The present article intends to highlight the valuable metals which are being recovered by the process of microbial leaching from various kind of solid waste, the mechanism by which metals are mobilized, commercially used bioleaching processes along with their benefits and shortcomings, conditions and factors necessary for the optimization of the microbial leaching process. Emphasis is also being given to the extraction of metals from metal polluted soil and sediments using leaching organisms. It is to be concluded that microbial leaching is a revolutionizing technique bringing out both recovery of metals from solid materials including metal contaminated soil as well as remediation of soil using micro-organisms.
Bark prepared from Mangifera indica has been employed for eradication of safranin-T. Structural a... more Bark prepared from Mangifera indica has been employed for eradication of safranin-T. Structural analysis of bark was attempted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of several parameters was tested and optimized. The percentage adsorption of dye onto bark was found to increase with temperature and dictate endothermic adsorption. About 87% of dye removal was found at contact time of 80 min. The percentage of safranin-T dye removal increased with adsorbent dosage. Different isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were studied to determine the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption capacity of bark was recorded to be 78.96 mg/g. Langmuir model rightly described the adsorption process with higher regression value (R2 = 0.99). The experimental data was found close to using Langmuir isotherm. This confirms the monolayer adsorption of safranin-T dye onto bark. The kinetic study and intra-particle diffusion described that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with greater R2 value. The study confirmed the chemical adsorption of dye onto adsorbent. The different thermodynamic processes confirmed the feasible, spontaneous and endothermic adsorption of dye using M. indica bark.
The present study deals with the radon estimation in 40 water samples collected from different na... more The present study deals with the radon estimation in 40 water samples collected from different natural resources and radium content in the soils of Mandi-Dharamshala Region. Radon concentration is determined by using RAD-7 detector and radium contents of the soil in vicinity of water resources is as well measured by using LR-115 type – II detector, which is further correlated with radon concentration in water samples. The potential health risks related with 222Rn have also been estimated. The results show that the radon concentrations within the range of 1.51 to 22.7Bq/l with an average value of 5.93 Bq/l for all type of water samples taken from study area. The radon concentration in water samples is found lower than 100Bq/l, the exposure limit of radon in water recommended by the World Health Organization. The calculated average effective dose of radon received by the people of study area is 0.022 mSv/y with maximum of 0.083 mSv/y and minimum 0.0056 mSv/y. The total effective dose in all sites of the stu...
... We thank Mrs. NJ Thomas, DGM (Chemistry), llr. 6. N. Prabhu, Chief Chemist and Prof. AB Roy o... more ... We thank Mrs. NJ Thomas, DGM (Chemistry), llr. 6. N. Prabhu, Chief Chemist and Prof. AB Roy of Geology Deptt., Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, for painstakiiigly going through the manuscript and for thcir critical suggestions which improved its earlier version. ...
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