Papers by SHASHI KANT RAI
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment
The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects ... more The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects of climate change, which include rapid glacier recession, the formation of glacial lakes and the potential for outburst flood hazards. The present study is aimed at analyzing alteration of three benchmark glaciers (Tanak 1, Tanak 2 and Tanak 3) situated in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP), Chenab basin of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Multi-temporal Landsat data (MSS, TM, ETM + and OLI), high-resolution Indian Remote Sensing LISS IV, and Google Earth™ in conjunction with ALOS PALSAR DEM have been utilized in the study. For the periods 1980-93, 1993-99, 1999-2010, and 2010-21 glaciers in the region have deciphered area change of 0.99 (2.9%), 0.53 (1.6%), 0.59 (1.8%) and 0.88 km 2 (2.75%) respectively. During the consolidated time line of 40 years, the total glaciated area has experienced a reduction of 3.02 ± 2.2 km 2 (0.075 km 2 a −1), which amounts to 8.8% shrinkage of glacier area.Glacier recession has given rise to formation and enlargement of moraine dammed lakes. One such proglacial lake (Mundiksar lake) has expanded by 0.258 ± 0.16 km 2 (~ 150%) during 1980-2020. Results further reveal reduction in the surface ice velocity for all the studied glaciers (Tanak 1; − 20.82%, Tanak 2; − 5.29%, Tanak 3; − 12.39%). Based on GlabTop2 model, ice thickness of the three glaciers varies between 10 and 290 m with an average mean ice thickness of 101.78, 87.64, and 80.32 m respectively. Lake volume of the proglacial lake ranges from 0.223 × 10 6 m 3 to 19.275 × 10 6 m 3 and Peak discharge values ranges from 152.51 to 19739.49 m 3 s −1. The work explicitly is indicative of an ongoing expansion of proglacial bodies of water and glacial recession in the region and allures attention towards its associated threats in the downstream area.
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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2020
Radon in soil gases is attributed to the radioactive decay of small accumulation of U/Th that is ... more Radon in soil gases is attributed to the radioactive decay of small accumulation of U/Th that is present within the mineral matter of the source rock. Radon infiltration and release is essentially a part of a dynamic feature, the out-gassing process of the earth. Wide variation in radon concentrations is thus reported in soil, air and in underground and surface waters. Concentration changes are mostly related to the uneven distribution of radioactive minerals, properties of soil affecting radon transportation, tectonic, atmosphere and metrological settings. The seismicity and tectonics of the Himalaya and earthquake prediction studies using radon is a precursor has been a subject of a spherical investigation in the NW Himalaya. The study reveals the precursory nature of radon anomalies add the total correlation index with micro earthquake is formed to be 62% for the radon network. The correlation of radon data with micro earthquake recorded by IMD network in Kangra valley shows a rising trend in both radon emanation and micro seismicity in Kangra and Chamba valley of NW Himalayas. The high concentration in fractures joints and faults lineaments springs related to the increased ratio of rock surface area to water volume and uranium mineralization in the shear zones present in close vicinity of fault and thrust. Radon concentrations in groundwater of intermountain valley forming the main aquifer consist of hydro-geological units. Radon concentration increase with drilling depth, aquifer one not mixed and that groundwater withdrawn is taking place from some water-bearing strata and is some hydrogeological units shows higher radon at shallow depth indicate that uranium-rich sandstone of middle Siwalik and sand eroded from the uranium mineralized granites rocks of lesser Himalayas have to get mixed with gravel aquifer of shallow depth. Considering metrological parameter approximately constant for a season fluctuation due to seismic events have been found this type of approach will help us to develop an earthquake alarm model from radon in near fracture. The Himalayas are known for the enrichment of radioactive elements and the anomalies have been imparted. The Himalayas are also known for the tectonic activities. The Himalayas require further investigation for as the proportion of radioactive anomalies, seismic activities and the environmental radiation health hazard are concerned.
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International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 2020
Any change in the climatic conditions can be manifested by the glacier which helps in understandi... more Any change in the climatic conditions can be manifested by the glacier which helps in understanding the prevailing trend of climate and anticipating scenarios of the future. Study of glacier is important because as the glaciers point out the evidences and impact of climate change. Changes in mass, volume, area, and length of Indian Himalayan glaciers are major indicators of global warming and climate change at regional level, which hamper downstream water availability and natural hazards (GLOF) in the river basins of the Himalaya. The study is an attempt to understand the status of major glaciers in Chandra basin with use of multispectral satellite datasets. Glaciers in study area shows average rise in the ELA as about 53m/yr for the period of 1980-2011. This is significant as it goes onto show that keeping in view the size of smaller glaciers (up to 3 km2) their melting trends are on the higher side as compared to bigger glaciers.This effect has permeated into the higher value of deglaciation (19.32%) in the last three decades for the glaciers of Chandra basin investigated under the present study. The observation further point out to the fast melting of glaciers ever since the beginning of twenty-first century in Lahaul – Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh.
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Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2023
The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects ... more The Himalayan region is experiencing a heightened risk in downstream habitats due to the effects of climate change, which include rapid glacier recession, the formation of glacial lakes and the potential for outburst flood hazards. The present study is aimed at analyzing alteration of three benchmark glaciers (Tanak 1, Tanak 2 and Tanak 3) situated in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP), Chenab basin of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Multi-temporal Landsat data (MSS, TM, ETM + and OLI), high-resolution Indian Remote Sensing LISS IV, and Google Earth™ in conjunction with ALOS PALSAR DEM have been utilized in the study. For the periods 1980-93, 1993-99, 1999-2010, and 2010-21 glaciers in the region have deciphered area change of 0.99 (2.9%), 0.53 (1.6%), 0.59 (1.8%) and 0.88 km 2 (2.75%) respectively. During the consolidated time line of 40 years, the total glaciated area has experienced a reduction of 3.02 ± 2.2 km 2 (0.075 km 2 a −1), which amounts to 8.8% shrinkage of glacier area.Glacier recession has given rise to formation and enlargement of moraine dammed lakes. One such proglacial lake (Mundiksar lake) has expanded by 0.258 ± 0.16 km 2 (~ 150%) during 1980-2020. Results further reveal reduction in the surface ice velocity for all the studied glaciers (Tanak 1; − 20.82%, Tanak 2; − 5.29%, Tanak 3; − 12.39%). Based on GlabTop2 model, ice thickness of the three glaciers varies between 10 and 290 m with an average mean ice thickness of 101.78, 87.64, and 80.32 m respectively. Lake volume of the proglacial lake ranges from 0.223 × 10 6 m 3 to 19.275 × 10 6 m 3 and Peak discharge values ranges from 152.51 to 19739.49 m 3 s −1. The work explicitly is indicative of an ongoing expansion of proglacial bodies of water and glacial recession in the region and allures attention towards its associated threats in the downstream area.
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Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
Soil erosion is a major environmental problem that affects land and w ater resources. It has many... more Soil erosion is a major environmental problem that affects land and w ater resources. It has many negative implications that lead to deforestation, poor agricultural practices, loss of soil fertility, and siltation that hinder socio-economic development. In view of this, the present study was conducted with the aim of estimating soil loss in relation to long-term land use/land cover change (LULC) in the Dehar watershed, Himachal Himalaya, North India. The study was carried out using Landsat and Sentinel imageries for the years 1999, 2010, and 2020. A GIS-based Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was applied to assess the potential soil risk. The parameters used as input for computing the spatiotemporal changes of soil loss were rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic, crop management, and conservation support practice factors. The results showed a mean soil loss of 63.71, 60.99, and 66.71 t/ha/yr for the years 1999, 2010, and 2020, respectively. In the LULC ...
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Papers by SHASHI KANT RAI