Chronology of jewellery in the early Medieval by Hana Chorvátová
Prunkvoller Frauenschmuck während des langen 9. Jahrhunderts im Mährerreich Typologie, Chronologie und historische Bedeutung, 2023
Wie sich der aus Edelmetall gefertigte mährische Frauenschmuck im 9. Jahrhundert entwickelte, bes... more Wie sich der aus Edelmetall gefertigte mährische Frauenschmuck im 9. Jahrhundert entwickelte, besitzt Relevanz für Mitteleuropa insgesamt, weil er exemplarisch komplexe Netzwerke des Frühmittelalters widerspiegelt. Bislang beruht die Chronologie auf der Auswertung des Gräberfeldes Staré Město „Na valách“ in den 1955er Jahren, doch erweist sie sich sogleich als widersprüchlich, bezieht man die Stratigraphie der Gräber ein. Aufbauend auf einer kritischen Analyse des Forschungsstandes, bietet der Band eine detaillierte typologisch-chronologische Neubewertung des Fundstoffs zwischen dem späten 8. und dem späten 9. Jahrhundert in Südmähren und seinen Nachbarregionen. Sie wiederum bietet die wesentliche Grundlage, die Entwicklung der Schmuckkombinationen zu verfolgen und drei Zeithorizonte zu unterscheiden: einen ersten in den Jahrzehnten um 800, eine „neue Schmuckwelle“ nach dem frühen 9. Jahrhundert und Modifikationen nach der Jahrhundertmitte. Abschließend wird der Frauenschmuck (kultur)historisch eingeordnet. Der Band ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des 9. Jahrhunderts in Mitteleuropa.
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Collectanea Archaeologica Musei Archaeologici Zagrabiensis, 2022
This study deals with the issue of dating the demise of the Avars and the beginning of the so-cal... more This study deals with the issue of dating the demise of the Avars and the beginning of the so-called Great Moravian cemeteries. The chronological sequence of the cemeteries was perceived in a traditional manner. In the past, burial in Avar cemeteries in southwestern Slovakia was thought to have appeared deeper into the 9th century. New findings reopen not only the question of the end of the Avar cemeteries, but also a possible parallel existence. This study outlines the problems that result from a traditionally perceived succession of these types of cemeteries. The article in part discusses the problem of dating archaeological material based on known historical events. Archaeological dating does not always allow accurate absolute dating, but often we have to be satisfied merely with a wider interval. Nevertheless, archaeological research may raise some historical questions. The solution to this problem is a comparison of the finds that appear in both Avar and Slavic cemeteries. Pottery represents an underappreciated artefact, the comparison of which would offer more knowledge of this issue. Two types of finds were selected for the study, earrings and rattles, which the author has intensively dealt with in the past. At the Avar and the so-called Great Moravian burial grounds, the same types of earrings appear, which also create mutual combinations. In addition to earrings, rattles appear at both types of cemeteries. Analogous bronze and iron rattles appear at both types of cemeteries. This fact also supports consideration of the parallel development of a certain period of duration of the Avar and the socalled Great Moravian cemeteries. The specification of the chronology of the above cemeteries will contribute to a better understanding of the processes that took place in the territory of present day southwestern Slovakia,
but also the wider region of southern Moravia, Lower Austria, and western Hungary in the turbulent period after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate.
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Nový orient, 2021
Looking for Slovak Medieval Times – Early Medieval History between Nationalism, Myth and Scholars... more Looking for Slovak Medieval Times – Early Medieval History between Nationalism, Myth and Scholarship.
The text seeks to highlight the broader problems of mythmaking and the misuse of history in Slovakia’s public, primarily political, space. It is divided into two parts. The first part attempts to show the roots of ‘myth-making’ in Slovak historiography in J. M. Hurban’s Slovakia and its literary life. In Hurban’s work, we can find thematic areas that appear in historical or literary works in treating the earliest Slovak national history until the present day. The second part of the text is devoted to the recent discovery of gold-plated plaques with Christian motifs which sparked a debate about the origins of Slovak national history, the reaction of politicians to that discovery and the ambivalence of Slovak historians. It is a paradox of Slovak historiography that historians working in official academic institutions are involved in creating certain myths and projecting the present onto the past.
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MUSAICA ARCHAEOLOGICA, 2020
Abstract: Women and Children Burials with Luxurious Jewelry in the Long 9th Century in Bohemia, M... more Abstract: Women and Children Burials with Luxurious Jewelry in the Long 9th Century in Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia (Comparision, Identification of Elite and an Attempt for the New Historical Interpretation of Formation of Great Moravian Territory of Nitra). The study primarily deals with the archeological findings of the women and children luxurious jewelry from the burial sites located at regions nort of the Danube of the so-called Great Moravia. The paper consists of two parts – surveys of archeological and textual evidence. The main goal is interdisciplinary evaluation and comparison of available and well–known sources which indicate a specific discrepancy in the general
historiographic interpretation of the formation of the Great Moravian „state“. The discrepancy between archeological and historiographic interpretation is much more obvious in the case of the so-called Principality of Nitra and its assumed
elite. The first part of the study contains a comparative analysis of the findings of luxurious jewelry from the regions of present-day Bohemia, Moravia and western Slovakia, where authors point out the qualitative and quantitative differences in
the spatial distribution of these artifacts. In the second part, the authors propose the alternative explanatory model of the formation of the so-called core area of Great Moravia based on the different reading of some notorious textual evidence.
In this section is critically examined a conventional and rather problematic historiographic explanation based on the notion of the unification of (old) Moravian principality and „Nitrava“ principality as a consequence of the expulsion of Priwina
from Nitra by the Moravian dux Mojmír I around 833. Contrastingly, authors rather suggest the later incorporation of the Nitra region to the political unit ruled by the Moravian prince which may have happend as a result of Svätopluk expansion.
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IUXTA DANUBIUM No. 16, 2018
THE SUBSEQUENT OR PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT OF AVAR
OR SO-CALLED GREAT MORAVIAN GRAVEYARDS?
The text i... more THE SUBSEQUENT OR PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT OF AVAR
OR SO-CALLED GREAT MORAVIAN GRAVEYARDS?
The text is considered as a reflection on dating of the end of Avar graveyards, which are traditionally set to the end of the 8th century with small overlap to the 9th century. Zlata Čilinská considered it urgent to open a discussion already in 1980 about dating of leaving the Avar graveyards in southwestern part of Slovakia. However discussion
did not begin at all. The increase of new finds – artefacts belonging to the Avar cultural environment on hillforts from Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, as well as the definitive fall of the conception of Blatnica-Mikulčice horizon, especially its dating to the first third of the 9th century, should lead to many questions and ultimately to serious debate about chronological definition of the end of the Avar graveyards.
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In the last decade our findings for women´s jewellery
in the early Middle Ages extended considera... more In the last decade our findings for women´s jewellery
in the early Middle Ages extended considerably. Nevertheless, several issues remain open that require further
research. In the article I want to show new insights of
three jewellery groups in the region of South Moravia
and West Slovakia – women´s luxurious jewellery
(known before as Veligrad jewellery), Danube jewellery
and Nitra jewellery. We first follow the development of
the terminology of above-mentioned jewellery groups
and their dating. In the article we also suggest new ways
of chronology. We also emphasize the need to work
with the complete jewellery collections, not just with
single types of earrings.
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Pokus o chronologické vyčlenenie horizontov tzv. byzantsko-orientálneho šperku.
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The study is concerned with the dating of two cemeteries at Devín: one on the Za kostolom site, t... more The study is concerned with the dating of two cemeteries at Devín: one on the Za kostolom site, the other one, containing six graves, on the castle hill. Both cemeteries are dated to the second half of the 9th century, but increased finds and knowledge may change the dating to
the first half of the 9th century. Dating is based mainly on jewellery and spurs. Should the dating of the cemeteries be revised, the dating of the sacral structure at Devín would also have to be reconsidered.
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Keywords: The Great Moravia period, fashion of the Middle Ages inhabitants
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Christianization, religious ideas, pendants-amulet by Hana Chorvátová
Historia ecclesiastica I Colloquia mediaevalia Pragensia , 2007
The study deals with the research of pendants, what was their meaning in archaic societies, espec... more The study deals with the research of pendants, what was their meaning in archaic societies, especially in the early Middle Ages. Based on the knowledge obtained (written sources and archaeological research), the author assumes that the pendants have all three properties - an amulet, a jewel and a symbol. They cannot be separated from each other. All three qualities are combined in different types of pendants, be it cross, lunule, bracteate, spherical pendant, rattle, Thor's hammer and others.
key words: pendant, amlet, jewel, symbol, grave, rite of passage, early Middle Ages
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Praehistorica XXIII, 1998
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História. Revue o dejinách spoločnosti., 2017
CHORVÁTOVÁ, Hana. Social changes in the long 9th century. Cemeteries as a source of information. ... more CHORVÁTOVÁ, Hana. Social changes in the long 9th century. Cemeteries as a source of information. História, 2017, 17, 1, pp. 9-13.
Cemeteries are an important source of information and can reveal some aspects of human society. When investigating cemeteries, researchers concentrate on identifying burial rites. They involve various structural phenomena: the size and shape of the grave pits, their arrangement, position of bones and placing of grave goods. Archaeologists devote special attention to the contents of graves. Finds such as spurs and jewellery enable the dating of burials. The composition of grave goods open the possibility of researching social structure. Findings from analysis of data about burial rites enable archaeologists and historians to trace social change.
Key words: Archaeology. History. 9th century. Burial rite. Cemetery. Jewellery. Grave-goods. Social structure.
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Since the 1950s the term “gombik” has been used in Czech and Slovak archaeological literature to ... more Since the 1950s the term “gombik” has been used in Czech and Slovak archaeological literature to describe artifacts from the Early Middle Ages resembling buttons, which appear as an accessory of modern Hungarian as well as some Slovak men’s and women’s clothing. The “gombiks” from the Early
Middle Ages have also more or less been attributed with the function of a clasp. During a detailed examination of these objects several questions relating to the issue of relevant terminology as well as their interpretation surfaced.
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úvaha o milodaroch v hroboch včasného stredoveku. Môžeme deliť nálezy z hrobov na milodary a iné ... more úvaha o milodaroch v hroboch včasného stredoveku. Môžeme deliť nálezy z hrobov na milodary a iné predmety?
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Children, Family in the early medieval by Hana Chorvátová
The present essay provides an overview of the most important contributions by Czech and Slovak ar... more The present essay provides an overview of the most important contributions by Czech and Slovak archaeologists concerning the topic “the child’s world”. This brief summary of previous research is dedicated to the memory of Brigitte Lohrke, whose pioneering work in this field has also significantly influenced the relevant approaches in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Chronology of jewellery in the early Medieval by Hana Chorvátová
but also the wider region of southern Moravia, Lower Austria, and western Hungary in the turbulent period after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate.
The text seeks to highlight the broader problems of mythmaking and the misuse of history in Slovakia’s public, primarily political, space. It is divided into two parts. The first part attempts to show the roots of ‘myth-making’ in Slovak historiography in J. M. Hurban’s Slovakia and its literary life. In Hurban’s work, we can find thematic areas that appear in historical or literary works in treating the earliest Slovak national history until the present day. The second part of the text is devoted to the recent discovery of gold-plated plaques with Christian motifs which sparked a debate about the origins of Slovak national history, the reaction of politicians to that discovery and the ambivalence of Slovak historians. It is a paradox of Slovak historiography that historians working in official academic institutions are involved in creating certain myths and projecting the present onto the past.
historiographic interpretation of the formation of the Great Moravian „state“. The discrepancy between archeological and historiographic interpretation is much more obvious in the case of the so-called Principality of Nitra and its assumed
elite. The first part of the study contains a comparative analysis of the findings of luxurious jewelry from the regions of present-day Bohemia, Moravia and western Slovakia, where authors point out the qualitative and quantitative differences in
the spatial distribution of these artifacts. In the second part, the authors propose the alternative explanatory model of the formation of the so-called core area of Great Moravia based on the different reading of some notorious textual evidence.
In this section is critically examined a conventional and rather problematic historiographic explanation based on the notion of the unification of (old) Moravian principality and „Nitrava“ principality as a consequence of the expulsion of Priwina
from Nitra by the Moravian dux Mojmír I around 833. Contrastingly, authors rather suggest the later incorporation of the Nitra region to the political unit ruled by the Moravian prince which may have happend as a result of Svätopluk expansion.
OR SO-CALLED GREAT MORAVIAN GRAVEYARDS?
The text is considered as a reflection on dating of the end of Avar graveyards, which are traditionally set to the end of the 8th century with small overlap to the 9th century. Zlata Čilinská considered it urgent to open a discussion already in 1980 about dating of leaving the Avar graveyards in southwestern part of Slovakia. However discussion
did not begin at all. The increase of new finds – artefacts belonging to the Avar cultural environment on hillforts from Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, as well as the definitive fall of the conception of Blatnica-Mikulčice horizon, especially its dating to the first third of the 9th century, should lead to many questions and ultimately to serious debate about chronological definition of the end of the Avar graveyards.
in the early Middle Ages extended considerably. Nevertheless, several issues remain open that require further
research. In the article I want to show new insights of
three jewellery groups in the region of South Moravia
and West Slovakia – women´s luxurious jewellery
(known before as Veligrad jewellery), Danube jewellery
and Nitra jewellery. We first follow the development of
the terminology of above-mentioned jewellery groups
and their dating. In the article we also suggest new ways
of chronology. We also emphasize the need to work
with the complete jewellery collections, not just with
single types of earrings.
the first half of the 9th century. Dating is based mainly on jewellery and spurs. Should the dating of the cemeteries be revised, the dating of the sacral structure at Devín would also have to be reconsidered.
Christianization, religious ideas, pendants-amulet by Hana Chorvátová
key words: pendant, amlet, jewel, symbol, grave, rite of passage, early Middle Ages
Cemeteries are an important source of information and can reveal some aspects of human society. When investigating cemeteries, researchers concentrate on identifying burial rites. They involve various structural phenomena: the size and shape of the grave pits, their arrangement, position of bones and placing of grave goods. Archaeologists devote special attention to the contents of graves. Finds such as spurs and jewellery enable the dating of burials. The composition of grave goods open the possibility of researching social structure. Findings from analysis of data about burial rites enable archaeologists and historians to trace social change.
Key words: Archaeology. History. 9th century. Burial rite. Cemetery. Jewellery. Grave-goods. Social structure.
Middle Ages have also more or less been attributed with the function of a clasp. During a detailed examination of these objects several questions relating to the issue of relevant terminology as well as their interpretation surfaced.
Children, Family in the early medieval by Hana Chorvátová
but also the wider region of southern Moravia, Lower Austria, and western Hungary in the turbulent period after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate.
The text seeks to highlight the broader problems of mythmaking and the misuse of history in Slovakia’s public, primarily political, space. It is divided into two parts. The first part attempts to show the roots of ‘myth-making’ in Slovak historiography in J. M. Hurban’s Slovakia and its literary life. In Hurban’s work, we can find thematic areas that appear in historical or literary works in treating the earliest Slovak national history until the present day. The second part of the text is devoted to the recent discovery of gold-plated plaques with Christian motifs which sparked a debate about the origins of Slovak national history, the reaction of politicians to that discovery and the ambivalence of Slovak historians. It is a paradox of Slovak historiography that historians working in official academic institutions are involved in creating certain myths and projecting the present onto the past.
historiographic interpretation of the formation of the Great Moravian „state“. The discrepancy between archeological and historiographic interpretation is much more obvious in the case of the so-called Principality of Nitra and its assumed
elite. The first part of the study contains a comparative analysis of the findings of luxurious jewelry from the regions of present-day Bohemia, Moravia and western Slovakia, where authors point out the qualitative and quantitative differences in
the spatial distribution of these artifacts. In the second part, the authors propose the alternative explanatory model of the formation of the so-called core area of Great Moravia based on the different reading of some notorious textual evidence.
In this section is critically examined a conventional and rather problematic historiographic explanation based on the notion of the unification of (old) Moravian principality and „Nitrava“ principality as a consequence of the expulsion of Priwina
from Nitra by the Moravian dux Mojmír I around 833. Contrastingly, authors rather suggest the later incorporation of the Nitra region to the political unit ruled by the Moravian prince which may have happend as a result of Svätopluk expansion.
OR SO-CALLED GREAT MORAVIAN GRAVEYARDS?
The text is considered as a reflection on dating of the end of Avar graveyards, which are traditionally set to the end of the 8th century with small overlap to the 9th century. Zlata Čilinská considered it urgent to open a discussion already in 1980 about dating of leaving the Avar graveyards in southwestern part of Slovakia. However discussion
did not begin at all. The increase of new finds – artefacts belonging to the Avar cultural environment on hillforts from Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, as well as the definitive fall of the conception of Blatnica-Mikulčice horizon, especially its dating to the first third of the 9th century, should lead to many questions and ultimately to serious debate about chronological definition of the end of the Avar graveyards.
in the early Middle Ages extended considerably. Nevertheless, several issues remain open that require further
research. In the article I want to show new insights of
three jewellery groups in the region of South Moravia
and West Slovakia – women´s luxurious jewellery
(known before as Veligrad jewellery), Danube jewellery
and Nitra jewellery. We first follow the development of
the terminology of above-mentioned jewellery groups
and their dating. In the article we also suggest new ways
of chronology. We also emphasize the need to work
with the complete jewellery collections, not just with
single types of earrings.
the first half of the 9th century. Dating is based mainly on jewellery and spurs. Should the dating of the cemeteries be revised, the dating of the sacral structure at Devín would also have to be reconsidered.
key words: pendant, amlet, jewel, symbol, grave, rite of passage, early Middle Ages
Cemeteries are an important source of information and can reveal some aspects of human society. When investigating cemeteries, researchers concentrate on identifying burial rites. They involve various structural phenomena: the size and shape of the grave pits, their arrangement, position of bones and placing of grave goods. Archaeologists devote special attention to the contents of graves. Finds such as spurs and jewellery enable the dating of burials. The composition of grave goods open the possibility of researching social structure. Findings from analysis of data about burial rites enable archaeologists and historians to trace social change.
Key words: Archaeology. History. 9th century. Burial rite. Cemetery. Jewellery. Grave-goods. Social structure.
Middle Ages have also more or less been attributed with the function of a clasp. During a detailed examination of these objects several questions relating to the issue of relevant terminology as well as their interpretation surfaced.
The author deals in her work with topics connected with family life at the turn of the first and second millennium. The period of the life of Saint Adalbert is the time when a new social organization – the state in the Early Middle Ages – starts to be established; which significantly contributed to the switch to patrimonial households. Christianity changed the conceptual world of people living in that period and significantly affected the concept of marriage and family.
KEYWORDS: Early Middle Ages. Family. Antropology. Christianity. St. Adalbert.
https://www.tyzden.sk/rozhovory/94069/thurzovci-ekonomicki-protoglobalisti/?ref=kat