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Overview of central banks’ in-house credit assessment systems in the euro area

Author

Listed:
  • Auria, Laura
  • Bingmer, Markus
  • Graciano, Carlos Mateo Caicedo
  • Charavel, Clémence
  • Gavilá, Sergio
  • Iannamorelli, Alessandra
  • Levy, Aviram
  • Maldonado, Alfredo
  • Resch, Florian
  • Rossi, Anna Maria
  • Sauer, Stephan
Abstract
The in-house credit assessment systems (ICASs) developed by euro area national central banks (NCBs) are an important source of credit risk assessment within the Eurosystem collateral framework. They allow counterparties to mobilise as collateral the loans (credit claims) granted to non-financial corporations (NFCs). In this way, ICASs increase the usability of non-marketable credit claims that are normally not accepted as collateral in private market repo transactions, especially for small and medium-sized banks that lend primarily to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This ultimately leads not only to a widened collateral base and an improved transmission mechanism of monetary policy, but also to a lower reliance on external sources of credit risk assessment such as rating agencies. The importance of ICASs is exemplified by the collateral easing measures adopted in April 2020 in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis. The measures supported the greater use of credit claim collateral and, indirectly, increased the prevalence of ICASs as a source of collateral assessment. This paper analyses in detail the role of ICASs in the context of the Eurosystem’s credit operations, describing the relevant Eurosystem guidelines and requirements in terms of, among other factors, the estimation of default probabilities, the role of statistical models versus expert analysis, input data, validation analysis and performance monitoring. It then presents the main features of each of the ICASs currently accepted by the Eurosystem as credit assessment systems, highlighting similarities and differences. JEL Classification: E58

Suggested Citation

  • Auria, Laura & Bingmer, Markus & Graciano, Carlos Mateo Caicedo & Charavel, Clémence & Gavilá, Sergio & Iannamorelli, Alessandra & Levy, Aviram & Maldonado, Alfredo & Resch, Florian & Rossi, Anna Mari, 2021. "Overview of central banks’ in-house credit assessment systems in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 284, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2021284
    Note: 362683
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    Cited by:

    1. Grundmann, Justus & Silberbach, Anna & Auria, Laura, 2023. "Including carbon taxation risk in Deutsche Bundesbank's in-house credit assessment system (ICAS): An empirical analysis," Technical Papers 02/2023, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    2. Paavola, Aleksi & Voutilainen, Ville, 2024. "Central bank collateral policy and credit pricing: Evidence from Finland," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 7/2024, Bank of Finland.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    credit assessments; credit claims; credit risk models; ICAS; ratings;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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