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A Theory of Asset Prices based on Heterogeneous Information

Author

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  • Hellwig, Christian
  • Tsyvinski, Aleh
  • Albagli, Elias
Abstract
With only minimal restrictions on security payoffs and trader preferences, noisy aggregation of heterogeneous information drives a systematic wedge between the impact of fundamentals on the price of a security, and the corresponding impact on cash flow expectations. From an ex ante perspective, this information aggregation wedge leads to a systematic gap between an asset's expected price and its expected dividend. The sign and magnitude of this expected wedge depend on the asymmetry between upside and downside payoff risks and on the importance of information heterogeneity. We consider three applications of our theory. We first show that predictions of our model provide a novel theoretical justification and are quantitatively consistent with documented empirical regularities on negative relationship between returns and skewness. Second, we illustrate how heterogeneous information leads to systematic departures from the Modigliani-Miller theorem and provide a new theory of debt versus equity. Third, we provide conditions under which permanent over- or under-pricing of assets is sustainable in a dynamic version of our model.

Suggested Citation

  • Hellwig, Christian & Tsyvinski, Aleh & Albagli, Elias, 2013. "A Theory of Asset Prices based on Heterogeneous Information," CEPR Discussion Papers 9291, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9291
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    Cited by:

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    2. Banerjee, Snehal & Green, Brett, 2015. "Signal or noise? Uncertainty and learning about whether other traders are informed," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 398-423.
    3. Georgy Chabakauri & Kathy Yuan & Konstantinos E Zachariadis, 2022. "Multi-asset Noisy Rational Expectations Equilibrium with Contingent Claims," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(5), pages 2445-2490.
    4. Jessica Roldan Pena & Virginia Olivella, 2010. "Re-examining the role of financial constraints in business cycles: is something wrong with the credit multiplier?," 2010 Meeting Papers 377, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    5. Kenneth Kasa & Todd B. Walker & Charles H. Whiteman, 2014. "Heterogeneous Beliefs and Tests of Present Value Models," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 81(3), pages 1137-1163.
    6. Jean-Paul L'Huillier & William R. Zame, 2015. "The Flattening of the Phillips Curve and the Learning Problem of the Central Bank," EIEF Working Papers Series 1503, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), revised Oct 2014.
    7. Asriyan, Vladimir & Fuchs, William & Green, Brett, 2021. "Aggregation and design of information in asset markets with adverse selection," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    8. Szkup, Michal, 2017. "Preventing Self-fulfilling debt crises," MPRA Paper 82754, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Eduardo Dávila & Cecilia Parlatore, 2021. "Trading Costs and Informational Efficiency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(3), pages 1471-1539, June.
    10. Bianchi, Milo & Jehiel, Philippe, 2015. "Financial reporting and market efficiency with extrapolative investors," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 842-878.
    11. Luca Bernardinelli & Paolo Guasoni & Eberhard Mayerhofer, 2022. "Informational efficiency and welfare," Mathematics and Financial Economics, Springer, volume 16, number 2, March.
    12. Xuewen Liu, 2015. "Short-Selling Attacks and Creditor Runs," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(4), pages 814-830, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Asset prices; Information aggregation; Modigliani-miller theorem; Skewness;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • D84 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Expectations; Speculations
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading

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