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Australian Wine Industry Competitiveness: Why so Slow to Emerge?

In: The International Economics of Wine

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  • Kym Anderson
Abstract
Despite favourable growing conditions, Australia’s production or exports of wine did not become significant until the 1890s. Both grew in the 1920s, but only because of government support. Once that support was removed in the late 1940s, production plateaued and exports diminished: only two per cent of wine production was exported during 1975–1985. Yet over the next two decades, Australia’s wine production quadrupled and the share exported rose to two-thirds — before falling somewhat in the next 10 years. This paper explains why it took so long for Australia’s production and competitive advantage in wine to emerge, why it took off spectacularly after the mid-1980s and why it fell in the 10 years to 2016. It concludes that despite the recent downturn in the industry’s fortunes, the country’s international competitiveness is now firmly established and commensurate with its ideal wine-growing climate, notwithstanding the likelihood of further boom-slump cycles in the decades ahead.

Suggested Citation

  • Kym Anderson, 2019. "Australian Wine Industry Competitiveness: Why so Slow to Emerge?," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kym Anderson (ed.), The International Economics of Wine, chapter 12, pages 283-308, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:wschap:9789811202094_0012
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    1. Alexander J. Holmes & Kym Anderson, 2019. "Convergence in National Alcohol Consumption Patterns: New Global Indicators," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kym Anderson (ed.), The International Economics of Wine, chapter 25, pages 631-670, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. Kym Anderson & Glyn Wittwer, 2019. "Asia’s Evolving Role in Global Wine Markets," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kym Anderson (ed.), The International Economics of Wine, chapter 14, pages 347-377, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. Krugman, Paul, 1980. "Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(5), pages 950-959, December.
    4. Kym Anderson & Glyn Wittwer, 2019. "Modeling Global Wine Markets to 2018: Exchange Rates, Taste Changes, and China’s Import Growth," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kym Anderson (ed.), The International Economics of Wine, chapter 3, pages 51-90, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    5. Freebairn, John, 2015. "Mining booms and the exchange rate," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 59(4), October.
    6. James Simpson, 2011. "Creating Wine: The Emergence of a World Industry, 1840-1914," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 1, number 9479.
    7. Kym Anderson & Vicente Pinilla, 2017. "Annual Database of Global Wine Markets, 1835 to 2016: Methodology, Derived Indicators, and Sources," Wine Economics Research Centre Working Papers 2017-04, University of Adelaide, Wine Economics Research Centre.
    8. Gergaud, Olivier & Ginsburgh, Victor, 2010. "Natural Endowments, Production Technologies and the Quality of Wines in Bordeaux. Does Terroir Matter?," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(1), pages 3-21, April.
    9. Kym Anderson & Vicente Pinilla, 2018. "What’s in the annual database of Global Wine Markets, 1835 to 2016?," Documentos de Trabajo de la Sociedad de Estudios de Historia Agraria 1802, Sociedad de Estudios de Historia Agraria.
    10. Corden, W M, 1984. "Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics: Survey and Consolidation," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 36(3), pages 359-380, November.
    11. Leamer, Edward E, 1987. "Paths of Development in the Three-Factor, n-Good General Equilibrium Model," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 95(5), pages 961-999, October.
    12. Kym Anderson, 2019. "Excise and Import Taxes on Wine Versus Beer and Spirits: An International Comparison," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kym Anderson (ed.), The International Economics of Wine, chapter 18, pages 437-459, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    13. Meloni, Giulia & Swinnen, Johan, 2014. "The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(1), pages 3-33, May.
    14. Friberg, Richard & Paterson, Robert W. & Richardson, Andrew D., 2011. "Why is there a Home Bias? A Case Study of Wine," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(1), pages 37-66, January.
    15. Gergaud, Olivier & Ginsburgh, Victor, 2010. "Natural Endowments, Production Technologies and the Quality of Wines in Bordeaux. Does Terroir Matter?," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(01), pages 3-21, March.
    16. Kym Anderson, 2010. "Excise and Import Taxes on Wine vs Beer and Spirits: An International Comparison," Wine Economics Research Centre Working Papers 2010-05, University of Adelaide, Wine Economics Research Centre.
    17. Venables, Anthony J., 2004. "Small, remote and poor?," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(3), pages 453-457, November.
    18. Kym Anderson, 2017. "Sectoral Trends and Shocks in Australia's Economic Growth," Australian Economic History Review, Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 57(1), pages 2-21, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kym Anderson, 2020. "Evolving from a rum state: Australia's alcohol consumption," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 64(3), pages 724-749, July.
    2. Timsina, Krishna P. & Culas, Richard J., 2020. "Impacts of Australia’s free trade agreements on trade in agricultural products: an aggregative and disaggregative analysis," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 64(3), July.
    3. Glyn Wittwer & Kym Anderson, 2021. "COVID‐19’s impact on Australian wine markets and regions," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 65(4), pages 822-847, October.
    4. Kym Anderson & Vicente Pinilla, 2022. "Wine's belated globalization, 1845–2025," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(2), pages 742-765, June.
    5. Wittwer, Gly & Anderson, Kym, 2021. "COVID-19’s impact on Australian wine markets and regions," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 65(04), January.
    6. Krishna P. Timsina & Richard J. Culas, 2020. "Impacts of Australia’s free trade agreements on trade in agricultural products: an aggregative and disaggregative analysis," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 64(3), pages 889-919, July.
    7. Kym Anderson, 2022. "Structural transformation in growing open economies: Australia’s experience," Departmental Working Papers 2022-13, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    8. Anderson, Kym, 2020. "Evolving from a Rum State: Australia’s Alcohol Consumption," CEPR Discussion Papers 14761, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. Lamonaca, Emilia & Seccia, Antonio & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano, 2023. "Climate cha(lle)nges in global wine production and trade patterns," MPRA Paper 119296, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Busani Moyo, 2024. "Impact of SADC Free Trade Area on Southern Africa’s Intra-Trade Performance: Implications for the African Continental Free Trade Area," Foreign Trade Review, , vol. 59(1), pages 146-180, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Wine Globalization; Australia's Wine Internationalization; Wine Markets in Asia; Wine Price Distortions; Modelling Global Wine Markets;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • L66 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco

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