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Pathways of processing of wet microalgae for liquid fuel production: A critical review

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  • Chaudry, Sofia
  • Bahri, Parisa A.
  • Moheimani, Navid R.
Abstract
Microalgae have tremendous potential for producing liquid renewable fuel. Many methods for converting microalgae to biofuel have been proposed; however, an economical and energetically feasible route for algal fuel production is yet to be found. This paper presents a review on the comparison of the most promising conversion pathways of microalgae to liquid fuel: hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), wet extraction and non-destructive extraction. The comparison is based on important assessment parameters of product quality and yield, nutrient recovery, GHG emissions, energy and the cost associated with the production of fuel from microalgae, in order to better understand the pros and cons of each method. It was found that the HTL pathway produces more oil than the wet extraction pathway; however, higher concentrations of unwanted components are present in the HTL oil produced. Less nutrients (N and P) can be recovered in HTL compared to wet extraction. HTL consumes more fossil energy and generates higher GHG emissions than wet extraction, while the production cost of fuel from HTL pathway is lower than wet extraction pathway. There is considerable uncertainty in the comparison of the energy consumption and economics of the HTL pathway and the wet extraction pathway due to different scenarios analysed in the assessment studies. To be able to appropriately compare methodologies, the conversion methods should be analysed from growth to upgradation of oil utilising sufficiently similar assumptions and scenarios. Based on the data in available literature, wet oil extraction is the more appropriate system for biofuel production than HTL. However, the potential of alternative extraction/conversion technologies, such as, non-destructive extraction, need to be further assessed.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaudry, Sofia & Bahri, Parisa A. & Moheimani, Navid R., 2015. "Pathways of processing of wet microalgae for liquid fuel production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1240-1250.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:52:y:2015:i:c:p:1240-1250
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.005
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    2. Xia, Ao & Sun, Chihe & Fu, Qian & Liao, Qiang & Huang, Yun & Zhu, Xun & Li, Qing, 2020. "Biofuel production from wet microalgae biomass: Comparison of physicochemical properties and extraction performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    3. Ogbonna, Christiana N. & Nwoba, Emeka G., 2021. "Bio-based flocculants for sustainable harvesting of microalgae for biofuel production. A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    4. Jackson, Brent A. & Bahri, Parisa A. & Moheimani, Navid R., 2017. "Repetitive non-destructive milking of hydrocarbons from Botryococcus braunii," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1229-1240.
    5. Zhang, Bo & Chen, Jixiang & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran & He, Zhixia, 2020. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of fresh lemon-peel and Spirulina platensis blending -operation parameter and biocrude chemistry investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    6. Arcigni, Francesco & Friso, Riccardo & Collu, Maurizio & Venturini, Mauro, 2019. "Harmonized and systematic assessment of microalgae energy potential for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 614-624.
    7. Grira, Soumaya & Abu Khalifeh, Hadil & Alkhedher, Mohammad & Ramadan, Mohamad, 2023. "The conventional microalgal biofuel production process and the alternative milking pathway: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    8. Kumar, Mayank & Olajire Oyedun, Adetoyese & Kumar, Amit, 2018. "A review on the current status of various hydrothermal technologies on biomass feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1742-1770.
    9. Ishika, Tasneema & Moheimani, Navid R. & Bahri, Parisa A., 2017. "Sustainable saline microalgae co-cultivation for biofuel production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 356-368.

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