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Food insecurity, gender, and international migration in low- and middle-income countries

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  • Smith, Michael D.
  • Floro, Maria S.
Abstract
The determinants of migration have been widely studied but research has rarely addressed the roles of food insecurity and gender in the migration decision process. To address these gaps, we examine these relationships for 135,078 individuals across 94 low- and middle-income countries. We use a series of binary-choice models with sample selection and data from the 2014–2015 waves of the Gallup World Poll Survey, which includes the first global measure of individual-level food insecurity. Results, which are robust, indicate that food insecurity is an important determinant of both migration intentions and preparations, and the probability of migration intentions increase monotonically with the severity of food insecurity, and the probability of migration preparations decrease. These relationships also differ significantly by gender and level of gross national income. Evidence suggests a need for increased coordination between the international food security and migration policy agendas.

Suggested Citation

  • Smith, Michael D. & Floro, Maria S., 2020. "Food insecurity, gender, and international migration in low- and middle-income countries," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfpoli:v:91:y:2020:i:c:s030691922030021x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101837
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    Cited by:

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    2. Langella, Monica & Manning, Alan, 2021. "Income and the desire to migrate," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 113875, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Marino Fages, Diego & Morales Cerda, Matías, 2022. "Migration and social preferences," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    4. Iuliana Mihai & Isabel Novo‐Corti, 2022. "An exploratory analysis of the interactions between the determinants of migratory flows," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 101(1), pages 163-182, February.
    5. Siham Matallah, 2020. "Public service delivery, corruption and inequality: key factors driving migration from North Africa to the developed world," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 22(2), pages 328-354, December.
    6. Marta Suárez-Varela, 2022. "The effect of food crises on international migration," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue 3/2022.
    7. Cirillo, Marinella & Cattaneo, Andrea & Miller, Meghan & Sadiddin, Ahmad, 2022. "Establishing the link between internal and international migration: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    8. Raufhon Salahodjaev & Ziroat Mirziyoyeva, 2021. "The Link between Food Security and Life Satisfaction: Panel Data Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-9, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Food security; Food access; Experiential food security; Gender; Poverty; Emigration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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