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Money, privacy, anonymity: What do experiments tell us?

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  • Borgonovo, Emanuele
  • Caselli, Stefano
  • Cillo, Alessandra
  • Masciandaro, Donato
  • Rabitti, Giovanni
Abstract
The attention paid to the role of money as a store of privacy is increasing. In a monetary transaction, full privacy protection coincides with anonymity. In such situations, an empirical question arises: Is anonymity relevant in shaping the demand for money? We attempt to answer this question through laboratory experiments. The results show that anonymity matters and increases the overall appeal of a medium of payment, and that this effect is stronger for risk-prone individuals. Moreover, the trade-off between the two properties of liquidity and return is relatively high – to accept higher illiquidity risks, individuals require a more-than-proportional increase in the expected return. In general, the experiments suggest that the future attractiveness of alternative currencies depends on whether the three properties of money are mixed in a way that is consistent with the individual’s preferences.

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  • Borgonovo, Emanuele & Caselli, Stefano & Cillo, Alessandra & Masciandaro, Donato & Rabitti, Giovanni, 2021. "Money, privacy, anonymity: What do experiments tell us?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:56:y:2021:i:c:s1572308921000930
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2021.100934
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    2. Magin, Jana Anjali & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2023. "The macroeconomic effects of different CBDC regimes in an economy with a heterogeneous household sector," DICE Discussion Papers 396, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    3. Jabbar, Abdul & Geebren, Ahmed & Hussain, Zahid & Dani, Samir & Ul-Durar, Shajara, 2023. "Investigating individual privacy within CBDC: A privacy calculus perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
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    5. Dunbar, Kwamie & Treku, Daniel N., 2024. "Examining the impact of a central bank digital currency on the access to banking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
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    7. Wang, Yizhi & Lucey, Brian M. & Vigne, Samuel A. & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "The Effects of Central Bank Digital Currencies News on Financial Markets," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    8. Magin, Jana & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2023. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Different CBDC Regimes in an Economy with a Heterogeneous Household Sector," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277656, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    9. Jaemin Son & Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin & Doojin Ryu, 2022. "Consumer choices under new payment methods," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-22, December.
    10. Dunbar, Kwamie, 2023. "CBDC uncertainty: Financial market implications," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
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    12. Syngjoo Choi & Bongseob Kim & Young-Sik Kim & Ohik Kwon, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Privacy: A Randomized Survey Experiment," BIS Working Papers 1147, Bank for International Settlements.
    13. Tu DQ Le & Son H Tran & Dat T Nguyen & Thanh Ngo, 2023. "The degrees of central bank digital currency adoption across countries: a preliminary analysis," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 12(2), pages 97-104.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Money demand; Privacy; Anonymity; Cash; Private digital currencies; Central bank digital currencies; Experimental economics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E4 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates
    • C9 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments

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