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Later retirement, job strain, and health: Evidence from the new State Pension age in the United Kingdom

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  • Ludovico Carrino
  • Karen Glaser
  • Mauricio Avendano
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of raising the State Pension age on women's health. Exploiting a UK pension reform that increased women's State Pension age for up to 6 years since 2010, we show that raising the State Pension age leads to an increase of up to 12 percentage points in the probability of depressive symptoms, alongside an increase in self‐reported medically diagnosed depression among women in a lower occupational grade. Our results suggest that these effects are driven by prolonged exposure to high‐strain jobs characterised by high demands and low control. Effects are consistent across multiple subcomponents of the General Health Question and Short‐Form‐12 (SF‐12) scores, and robust to alternative empirical specifications, including “placebo” analyses for women who never worked and for men.

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  • Ludovico Carrino & Karen Glaser & Mauricio Avendano, 2020. "Later retirement, job strain, and health: Evidence from the new State Pension age in the United Kingdom," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(8), pages 891-912, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:hlthec:v:29:y:2020:i:8:p:891-912
    DOI: 10.1002/hec.4025
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    6. Giusta, Marina Della & Longhi, Simonetta, 2021. "Stung by pension reforms: The unequal impact of changes in state pension age on UK women and their partners," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    7. Mattia Filomena & Matteo Picchio, 2023. "Retirement and health outcomes in a meta‐analytical framework," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(4), pages 1120-1155, September.
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    10. Mohamed Ali Ben Halima & Camille Ciriez & Malik Koubi & Ali Skalli, 2022. "Retarder l’âge d’ouverture des droits à la retraite provoque-t-il un déversement de l’assurance-retraite vers l’assurance-maladie ? L’effet de la réforme des retraites de 2010 sur l’absence-maladie," Working Papers hal-03509628, HAL.
    11. Ravaska, Terhi, 2023. "Do reduced working hours for older workers have health consequences and prolong work careers?," Working Papers 153, VATT Institute for Economic Research.
    12. Oude Mulders, Jaap & Henkens, C.J.I.M. & van Dalen, Hendrik Peter, 2021. "Employees’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to increasing statutory retirement ages," Other publications TiSEM 4aab8515-50c9-4c23-bd2f-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
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    14. Boockmann, Bernhard & Kroczek, Martin & Laub, Natalie, 2023. "Tightening Access to Early Retirement: Who Can Adapt?," IZA Discussion Papers 16292, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. Jan C. van Ours, 2022. "How Retirement Affects Mental Health, Cognitive Skills and Mortality; An Overview of Recent Empirical Evidence," De Economist, Springer, vol. 170(3), pages 375-400, August.
    16. Laub, Natalie & Boockmann, Bernhard & Kroczek, Martin, 2023. "Tightening Access to Early Retirement: Who Can Adapt?," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277625, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
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    18. Simpson, Julija & Albani, Viviana & Bell, Zoe & Bambra, Clare & Brown, Heather, 2021. "Effects of social security policy reforms on mental health and inequalities: A systematic review of observational studies in high-income countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    19. Angelo d’Errico & Chiara Ardito & Roberto Leombruni & Fulvio Ricceri & Giuseppe Costa & Carlotta Sacerdote & Anna Odone, 2022. "Working Conditions and Health Among Italian Ageing Workers," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 1043-1067, August.
    20. Alessandro Cusimano & Chiara Paola Donegani & Stephen McKay, 2022. "Later pensions, lower social capital?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 42(4), pages 2150-2160.
    21. Bernhard Boockmann & Martin Kroczek & Natalie Laub, 2023. "Tightening access to early retirement: who can adapt?," IAW Discussion Papers 142, Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung (IAW).
    22. Brunello, Giorgio & De Paola, Maria & Rocco, Lorenzo, 2023. "Pension Reforms, Longer Working Horizons and Absence from Work," IZA Discussion Papers 15871, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    23. Carl Emmerson & Jonathan Cribb & Laurence O'Brien, 2022. "The effect of increasing the state pension age to 66 on labour market activity," IFS Working Papers W07/22, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    24. Ardito Chiara, 2021. "The unequal impact of raising the retirement age: Employment response and program substitution," IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 10(1), pages 1-37, January.
    25. Konstantinos Angelopoulos & Spyridon Lazarakis & Rebecca Mancy & Max Schroeder, 2021. "Pandemic-Induced Wealth and Health Inequality and Risk Exposure," CESifo Working Paper Series 9474, CESifo.

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