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Quantitative Easing and the “New Normal” in Monetary Policy

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Abstract
Interest rates may remain low and fall to their effective lower bound (ELB) often. As a result, quantitative easing (QE), in which central banks expand their balance sheet to lower long-term interest rates, may complement policy approaches focused on adjustments in short-term interest rates. Simulation results using a large-scale model (FRB/US) suggest that QE does not improve economic performance if the steady-state interest rate is high, confirming that such policies were not advantageous from 1960 to 2007. However, QE can offset a significant portion of the adverse effects of the ELB when the equilibrium real interest rate is low. These improvements in economic performance exceed those associated with moderate increases in the inflation target. Active QE is primarily required when nominal interest rates are near the ELB, pointing to benefits within the model from QE as a secondary tool while relying on short-term interest rates as the primary tool.

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  • Michael T. Kiley, 2018. "Quantitative Easing and the “New Normal” in Monetary Policy," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-004, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2018-04
    DOI: 10.17016/FEDS.2018.004
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    As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
    1. Risks of low for longer
      by thebusinesscycleblog in The business cycle blog on 2019-10-19 20:54:33
    2. Fourth large-scale asset purchases program: A new hope
      by ? in FRED blog on 2020-03-23 13:00:00

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    3. Naoko Hara & Ryuzo Miyao & Tatsuyoshi Okimoto, 2020. "The Effects Of Asset Purchases And Normalization Of U.S. Monetary Policy," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 58(3), pages 1279-1296, July.
    4. Anna Bartocci & Alessandro Notarpietro & Massimiliano Pisani, 2019. "Non-standard monetary policy measures in the new normal," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1251, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    5. Robert Kurtzman & David Zeke, 2020. "Misallocation Costs of Digging Deeper into the Central Bank Toolkit," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 38, pages 94-126, October.
    6. Gerke, Rafael & Kienzler, Daniel & Scheer, Alexander, 2022. "On the macroeconomic effects of reinvestments in asset purchase programmes," Discussion Papers 47/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    7. Dimitris Malliaropulos & Petros Migiakis, 2018. "Quantitative easing and sovereign bond yields: a global perspective," Working Papers 253, Bank of Greece.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Interest rates; Macroeconomic models; Monetary policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E47 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

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