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Bewertung der klimapolitischen Maßnahmen und Instrumente: eine Studie im Auftrag der E.ON AG

Author

Listed:
  • Johann Wackerbauer
  • Jutta Albrecht-Saavedra
  • Marc Gronwald
  • Janina Ketterer
  • Jana Lippelt
  • Johannes Pfeiffer
  • Luise Röpke
  • Markus Zimmer
Abstract
Die globale Erwärmung und die daraus resultierenden ökonomischen und sozialen Konsequenzen sind eng verbunden mit dem Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen. Dem Kyoto-Protokoll nach ist die Europäische Union verpflichtet, die Emissionen dieser Gase bis zum Zeitraum 2008/2012 um 8% gegenüber 1990 zu senken. Das entsprechende Reduktionsziel der Bundesrepublik beträgt 21%. Vielfältige Maßnahmen wurden dazu sowohl auf europäischer als auch nationaler Ebene veranlasst. Beispielhaft genannt seien das Emissionshandelssystem für Treibhausgase auf europäischer Ebene und auf nationaler Ebene die Besteuerung des Energieverbrauchs sowie die Einführung von garantierten Einspeisevergütungen für regenerative Energien. Daneben spielen Energieeffizienznormen und -standards und Förderprogramme für Maßnahmen der Energieeinsparung eine bedeutende Rolle. Da die einzelnen energie- und klimapolitischen Instrumente zu unterschiedlichen CO2-Vermeidungskosten führen, ist es erforderlich, die Wirkungsweise und das Zusammenspiel dieser Vielzahl von Instrumenten zu analysieren. Daher wurde untersucht, ob sich einzelne Instrumente gegenseitig neutralisieren und ob der bestehende policy mix optimiert werden kann bzw. ob auf bestimmte Instrumente ganz verzichtet werden könnte. Die bestehende Vielzahl von Mehrfachbelastungen, Sonder- und Ausnahmeregelungen sowie Regulierungslücken macht eine kosteneffiziente Klimaschutzpolitik unmöglich. Grundsätzlich wäre ein alle Energieverbraucher umfassender Emissionshandel ausreichend, um eine kostenminimale Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen zu erreichen. Die meisten Instrumente der deutschen Klimaschutzpolitik führen im Vergleich dazu zu überhöhten Kosten. Durch den Einsatz eines kostenminimierenden Instruments wie dem Emissionshandel könnten mit den gleichen finanziellen Mitteln höhere Reduktionen von CO2 erreicht werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Johann Wackerbauer & Jutta Albrecht-Saavedra & Marc Gronwald & Janina Ketterer & Jana Lippelt & Johannes Pfeiffer & Luise Röpke & Markus Zimmer, 2011. "Bewertung der klimapolitischen Maßnahmen und Instrumente: eine Studie im Auftrag der E.ON AG," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 51.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifofob:51
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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