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Global Food Security Assessment during 1961–2019

Author

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  • Jingpeng Guo

    (School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    Hulunbeir Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010018, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.)

  • Kebiao Mao

    (Hulunbeir Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250100, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.)

  • Zijin Yuan

    (Hulunbeir Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250100, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.)

  • Zhihao Qin

    (Hulunbeir Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Tongren Xu

    (State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Sayed M. Bateni

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA)

  • Yinghui Zhao

    (College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

  • Caixia Ye

    (Forestry College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China)

Abstract
Quantified components of the global food system are used to assess long-term global food security under a series of socio-economic, epidemic normalization and climate change scenarios. Here, we evaluate the global food security including the global farming system as well as the global food trade, reserve and loss systems from 1961 to 2019, and analyze their temporal and spatial characteristics by using the global food vulnerability (GFV) model. The spatio–temporal patterns of the vulnerability of the global food system were consistent with the GFSI. As food production and consumption vary greatly in different countries which have continued for a long time, food exports from many developed agricultural countries have compensated for food shortages in most countries (about 120 net grain-importing countries). As a result, many countries have relied heavily on food imports to maintain their domestic food supplies, ultimately causing the global food trade stability to have an increasing impact on the food security of most countries. The impact of global food trade on global food security increased from 9% to 17% during 1961–2019, which has increased the vulnerability of the global food system. The food damage in the United States, Russia, China, and India has varied significantly, and global cereal stocks have fluctuated even more since 2000. From 1961 to 2019, the food system security of some Nordic countries significantly improved, while the food system security of most African countries significantly deteriorated. Most countries with high food insecurity are located in Africa and South Asia. In order to cope with extreme events, these countries need to strengthen and improve their own food production and storage systems, which will help the World Food and Agriculture Organization to formulate relevant food policies and maintain sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Jingpeng Guo & Kebiao Mao & Zijin Yuan & Zhihao Qin & Tongren Xu & Sayed M. Bateni & Yinghui Zhao & Caixia Ye, 2021. "Global Food Security Assessment during 1961–2019," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:14005-:d:705812
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Charlotte Janssens & Petr Havlík & Tamás Krisztin & Justin Baker & Stefan Frank & Tomoko Hasegawa & David Leclère & Sara Ohrel & Shaun Ragnauth & Erwin Schmid & Hugo Valin & Nicole Van Lipzig & Miet M, 2020. "Global hunger and climate change adaptation through international trade," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 10(9), pages 829-835, September.
    2. Joachim von Braun, 2010. "Strategic body needed to beat food crises," Nature, Nature, vol. 465(7298), pages 548-549, June.
    3. Stephen A. Wood & Matthew R. Smith & Jessica Fanzo & Roseline Remans & Ruth S. DeFries, 2018. "Trade and the equitability of global food nutrient distribution," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 34-37, January.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Lunzheng Zhou & Guangji Tong, 2022. "Structural Evolution and Sustainability of Agricultural Trade between China and Countries along the “Belt and Road”," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-24, August.

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