Tsaron abinci

Tsaron abinci
type of security (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	human development (en) , tsaro da supply-chain security (en)
Yana haddasa	ocean grabbing (en)
Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en)	Sustainable Development Goal 2 (en)

Tsaron abinci: Yana magana ne game da wadatar abinci a cikin ƙasa (ko yanayin ƙasa ) da kuma ikon daidaikun mutane a cikin wannan ƙasa (geography) don samun dama, iyawa, da samar da isassun kayan abinci. A cewar Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tsaron Abinci na Duniya, an ayyana amincin abinci a matsayin ma'anar cewa duk mutane, a kowane lokaci, suna da damar jiki, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki don isashen abinci, aminci, da abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya dace da abubuwan da suke so na abinci da bukatun abinci. rayuwa mai aiki da lafiya.^[1] Samuwar abinci ba tare da la'akari da aji, jinsi ko yanki wani abu ne na tabbatar da abinci ba. Akwai alamun samar da abinci da ke damun dubban shekaru da suka wuce, tare da sanann hukumomin tsakiya na kasar Sin da tsohuwar Masar da ke fitar da abinci daga ajiya a lokutan yunwa. A taron Abinci na Duniya na 1974, an bayyana kalmar "tsaron abinci" tare da mai da hankali kan wadata; An ayyana amincin abinci a matsayin "samuwa a kowane lokaci na isasshe, abinci mai gina jiki, iri-iri, daidaitacce da matsakaicin kayan abinci na duniya na kayan abinci na yau da kullun don ci gaba da ci gaba da faɗaɗa abinci da kuma daidaita canjin samarwa da farashi". ^[2] Ma'anoni daga baya sun ƙara buƙatu da samun dama ga ma'anar. Taron kolin abinci na farko na duniya, wanda aka gudanar a shekara ta 1996, ya bayyana cewa, samar da abinci “yana wanzuwa lokacin da duk mutane, a kowane lokaci, suke da damar jiki da ta tattalin arziki don isashen abinci mai aminci da gina jiki don biyan bukatunsu na abinci da abubuwan da ake so na abinci don rayuwa mai aiki da lafiya. ."^[3]

Hakazalika, ana ɗaukar amincin abinci na gida lokacin da duk membobi, a kowane lokaci, suna da damar samun isasshen abinci don rayuwa mai aiki da lafiya .^[4] Mutanen da ke da abinci ba sa rayuwa cikin yunwa ko fargabar yunwa . Rashin abinci, a gefe guda, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) ta ayyana a matsayin yanayi na "iyakance ko rashin tabbas na wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da aminci ko iyakance ko rashin tabbas don samun abinci karbuwa ta hanyoyin yarda da jama'a". ^[5] Tsaron abinci ya haɗa da ma'auni na juriya ga rugujewar gaba ko rashin samun wadataccen abinci mai mahimmanci saboda dalilai daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da fari, rushewar jigilar kayayyaki, ƙarancin mai, rashin kwanciyar hankali, da yake-yake.

Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ko FAO, ta bayyana ginshiƙai huɗu na samar da abinci a matsayin samuwa, samun dama, amfani, da kwanciyar hankali.^[6] Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (MDD) ta amince da Haƙƙin Abinci a cikin sanarwar 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin 1948, kuma tun daga nan ta ce yana da mahimmanci don cin moriyar duk wasu haƙƙoƙin.^[7]

Manufar tsaro na abinci ta samo asali ne don sanin Central Hukumar da dorewa, tare da sauran manyan abubuwa na samaka, samun amfani, da kwanciyar hankali. Waɗannan matakai shida na amincin abinci an ƙarfafa su cikin fahimta da fahimtar doka game da haƙƙin abinci.

Taron kolin Duniya kan Tsaron Abinci na 1996 ya ayyana cewa "bai kamata a yi amfani da abinci a matsayin kayan aiki na matsin lamba na siyasa da tattalin arziki ba". An ƙirƙira yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa daban-daban da dabaru don magance matsalar abinci. Babban manufar duniya don rage yunwa da talauci yana cikin manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa . Musamman Buri na 2: Yunwar Zero ta tsara manufofin da aka amince da su a duniya don kawo karshen yunwa, cimma wadatar abinci da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, da inganta aikin noma mai dorewa nan da shekarar 2030.

Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya ya yi gargadin a cikin Satumba 2022 cewa "tasirin karuwar farashin shigo da abinci da taki ga wadanda ke da matukar rauni ga karancin abinci zai kara dala biliyan 9 ga ma'aunin biyan kudi - a cikin 2022 da 2023." Wannan zai rage ajiyar kasashen waje da kuma karfinsu na biyan kudin abinci da shigo da taki.”^[8][9]

1. ↑ "Food Security". www.ifpri.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
2. ↑ Trade Reforms and Food Security: Conceptualizing the Linkages. FAO, UN. 2003. Archived from the original on 2010-08-26. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
3. ↑ Raj Patel (20 Nov 2013). "Raj Patel: 'Food sovereignty' is next big idea". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 17 Jan 2014.Samfuri:Registration required
4. ↑ "Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security". USDA. Archived from the original on 2019-11-22. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
5. ↑ Gary Bickel; Mark Nord; Cristofer Price; William Hamilton; John Cook (2000). "Guide to Measuring Household Food Security" (PDF). USDA Food and Nutrition Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
6. ↑ FAO (2009). Declaration of the World Food Summit on Food Security (PDF). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
7. ↑ Nations, United. "Food". United Nations (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
8. ↑ "Global Health Is the Best Investment We Can Make". European Investment Bank (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-01-27. Retrieved 2023-01-27.
9. ↑ "Global Food Crisis Demands Support for People, Open Trade, Bigger Local Harvests". IMF (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-01-27. Retrieved 2023-01-27.