Papers by Ana Cristina Martins
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Arqueologia em Portugal. 2017 - O Estado da Questão. Lisboa: Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses, 2017
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Abstract
«Female Pioneers of Archeology in Portugal: “another brick” against “the wall” of indiff... more Abstract
«Female Pioneers of Archeology in Portugal: “another brick” against “the wall” of indifference. Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur (1924-2003)». The history of archaeology in Portugal only recently began to give attention to the role played by women archeologists in the affirmation and development of this science in the country. Gradually, through unpublished documentation analysis collated with other primary and secondary sources, it has been possible to retrieve names so far ignored or simply forgotten, especially by an essentially male speech. Among these names, there are some foreign archaeologists who
travelled to Portugal between the 30s and the 50s of the twentieth century, while Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur sought abroad (notably in Spain) academic complementarity that she could not find among us. Therefore, we analyze the contribution of this researcher in the light of the history of science, history of archaeology and gender studies, in order to obtain the desired holistic view.
Keywords: Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur, History of Archaeology, Institute of High Culture, New State, Spain.
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Academia Internacional da Cultura Portuguesa, 2017
«Established in 1863 to affirm and honor the professional activity of architects in Portugal, the... more «Established in 1863 to affirm and honor the professional activity of architects in Portugal, the Association of Portuguese Civil Architects
/ Royal Association of Portuguese Civil Architects and Archaeologists
/ Association of Portuguese Archaeologists soon recognized the need to be represented in international events, especially after foundation, the following year, of its museological space, known as Carmo Archaeological Museum.
A decision to follow throughout its existence, for the sake of the study, preservation and dissemination of the historical, artistic and archaeological 102 heritage of the country, contributing simultaneously for the emergence and development of similar societies, museums and scientific programs. Particularities to be analyzed briefly in this paper through some examples, including the so far ‘Portuguese India’, and attendance at Universal exhibitions between late nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century.»
Keywords: Association of Portuguese Archaeologists; Carmo Archaeological
Museum; Heritage; Universal Exhibition; Portuguese India.
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150 anos de historia de la arqueología: teoría y método de una disciplina, 2017
«The years between the end of World War II and the 70ies are crucial for appreciating the transfo... more «The years between the end of World War II and the 70ies are crucial for appreciating the transformation observed in archaeological activity in Portugal, largely in the wake of the New Archaeology (1958). The reasons for this phenomenon were many, underlying the growing role played by university in archaeological training; the rising of archaeological internationalization; the new excavation methods; the mentors of a new generation of archaeologists; the presence of foreign experts among us, likewise the German Archaeological Institute (1971).
Evaluating the many forms of reception, circulation and dissemination of New Archaeology in Portugal, we will understand if the 70ies were of transition, when comparing to coeval examples, naming some protagonists, institutions, outcomes and outputs.»
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Although recent in Portugal, research into archaeological discourse and practice within the frame... more Although recent in Portugal, research into archaeological discourse and practice within the framework of twentieth-century colonialism leads us to believe that archaeology did not play a prominent role in the scientific colonial agenda, but was rather a subsidiary field of studies often promoted by personal enterprises.
Nevertheless, the analysis and comparison of the means through which different protagonists engaged in the production, circulation and reception of archaeological and prehistoric knowledge, as well as the networks that emerge from its scrutiny, might contribute to an external and comparative approach between the diferente colonial powers.
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Resumo: Nascido em Lisboa em 1883 e educado
em Castelo Branco no seio de uma das famílias
com mai... more Resumo: Nascido em Lisboa em 1883 e educado
em Castelo Branco no seio de uma das famílias
com maiores capitais em Portugal, Francisco Tavares
Proença Júnior faleceu em 1916 longe do seu país, na
longínqua Suíça. Neste entretanto, concebeu um dos
projectos integrados mais interessantes da arqueologia
portuguesa do início do século XX. Percorrendo
a Beira Interior em busca de materiais com os quais
pudesse constituir um museu, prospectou, escavou,
leu, escreveu e publicou incessantemente, enquanto
participava em congressos internacionais, procurava
paralelos para os artefactos que encontrava, editava
uma revista e requer apoios junto das entidades que
considerava mais aptas a responderem às suas múltiplas
solicitações. O im da sua vida foi, todavia, extemporâneo,
truncando alguns dos seus intentos.
Palavras-chave: Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior;
Arqueologia; Museu; Congresso Internacional;
Portugal.
Abstract: Born in Lisbon in 1883 and educated in
Castelo Branco within one of the families with the highest
inluence in Portugal, Francisco Tavares Proença
Junior died in 1916 away from his country, in faraway
Switzerland. In the meanwhile, he devised one of the
most interesting integrated projects of Portuguese archaeology
of the early twentieth century. Going through the
Beira Interior in search of materials to be included in a
future museum, he prospected, dug, read, wrote and published
ceaselessly, whilst participated in International
conferences, sought parallels to the artifacts he found,
and edited a magazine. In the meantime, he required support
from the entities he considered better able to respond
to its numerous requests. The end of his life, however,
was out of time, truncating some of his attempts.
Keywords: Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior; Archaeology;
Museum; International Congress; Portugal.
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In RODRIGUES, Vítor, MARTINS, Ana Cristina, DUARTE, Maria Cristina et al. (eds.)
The Mozambique Anthropological Missions of 1946 provided the opportunity for Professor Santos Jún... more The Mozambique Anthropological Missions of 1946 provided the opportunity for Professor Santos Júnior to excavate two important Early Iron Age archaeological sites in Northern Mozambique: the Riane Rock-Shelter, in Nampula Province, and Malessane in the Gurué mountains of Zambezia Province. Both remained unpublished and unknown till a first reference was made in Conceição Rodrigues PhD dissertation (2004). The importance of both sites for the understanding of Early Iron Age Eastern Stream Bantu migrations is here addressed in comparison with other archaeological sites either from Mozambique or other surrounding countries.
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Bulletin of the History of Archaeology, 2007
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RESUMO
Das múltiplas actividades caracterizadoras do percurso pessoal e académico
de J. L. de Vas... more RESUMO
Das múltiplas actividades caracterizadoras do percurso pessoal e académico
de J. L. de Vasconcelos constava a protecção de vestígios do passado do actual
território português que contribuíssem para o seu conhecimento. Não tem sido,
contudo, a vertente mais divulgada das suas acções, excepção feita ao papel
fundamental desempenhado na criação e direcção do Museu Ethnographico Portuguez.
Pretendemos, por conseguinte, explorar melhor esta sua faceta, contextualizando-
-a no panorama nacional e demonstrando o seu envolvimento em organismos
governamentais de salvaguarda patrimonial, onde representou, a maioria das
vezes, interesses de quem se consagrava aos estudos arqueológicos.
Palavras-chave: Portugal – Política patrimonial – Arqueologia – José Leite de
Vasconcelos
José Leite de Vasconcelos
(1858-1941) no contexto da política
de salvaguarda patrimonial1
ANA CRISTINA MARTINS*
1 A execução deste trabalho teria sido impossível sem o apoio dos responsáveis pelo Museu Nacional de Arqueologia,
Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes e Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses, a quem expresso o meu agradecimento
pelas facilidades obtidas na consulta dos respectivos arquivos históricos.
* Ana Cristina Martins é Doutorada em História, Mestre em Arte, Património e Restauro e Licenciada em História
– variante de Arqueologia pela Universidade de Lisboa, em cujo Centro de Arqueologia (Uniarq) desenvolve um
projecto sobre a Arqueologia em Portugal entre as décadas de 20 e 60 do século XX, sendo investigadora
principal da linha de investigação ‘History of Archaeology in Portugal; Theoretical Issues’. Possui várias publicações
na área da História da evolução do pensamento arqueológico, museológico e patrimonial, a maioria das quais
resultante de comunicações apresentadas em encontros nacionais e internacionais. É Investigadora Auxiliar do
IICT (Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical), no âmbito do Programa Compromisso com a Ciência, leccionando
na Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (Lisboa). E-mail: ana.c.martins@netcabo.pt /
ana.martins@iict.pt.
184 ANA CRISTINA MARTINS
O Arqueólogo Português, Série IV, 26, 2008, p. 183-252
ABSTRACT
The protection of archaeological remains from the present Portuguese territory, which
might contribute to its knowledge, was part of the numerous activities which characterized
J. L. de Vasconcelos’ personal and academic life. However, it has not been the most divulged
aspect of his actions, with the exception made of the fundamental role played in the
foundation and direction of the Museu Ethnographico Portuguez (Portuguese Ethnographic
Museum). Therefore, our purpose is to explore this facet by contextualizing it within the
national framework and by showing his involvement in governmental organizations of
heritage safeguard, whereby most of the times he represented the interests of those who
devoted themselves to archaeological studies.
Keywords: Portugal – Heritage policy – Archaeology
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Although still recent in Portugal, the research concerning archaeological practices conducted in ... more Although still recent in Portugal, the research concerning archaeological practices conducted in and about the former Portuguese colonies has brought to light the case of the Board of Geographical Missions and Colonial/Overseas Research (1936-1951/1952-1973), within which “Anthropological Missions” encompassed the knowledge of the remote pastof the overseas then under Portuguese jurisdiction. Those were the cases of the Anthropological Mission to Mozambique (1936-1956), led by Joaquim Rodrigues dos Santos Júnior (1901-1990), and the Anthropobiological Mission to Angola (1950-1955), headed by António de Almeida (1900-1984).
However, little attention has been paid to local initiatives from individuals and entities that adduced considerable contributions to the Prehistoric knowledge of those territories. These are the cases of the works promoted by the Departments of Industry, Mines and Geological Services of Angola and Mozambique (1919), the Commission of Historical Monuments of Mozambique (1943), or the Dundo Museum (1936) associated to the Diamond Company of Angola (1917-1975).
In the following essay we will attend to these two case studies, Mozambique and Angola, in order to identify actors, purposes and results as well as networks, agents, places and means involved in the production, circulation and reception of archaeological knowledge.
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In a time when prehistoric studies assumed a growing importance throughout
European society, the ... more In a time when prehistoric studies assumed a growing importance throughout
European society, the Portuguese architect and investigator Joaquim Possidónio
Narciso da Silva (1806-1896) engaged in a series of activities which sought to promote the
implementation and development of the young nineteenth-century science of Archaeology.
In addition, he sought to awaken public consciousness to the critical importance of safeguarding
all material vestiges of the past. This preservation would become especially important
in a time when historical and archaeological studies took on the important role of
remembering the past, which was supposedly common and unifying.
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RESUMO: Desde a sua origem (1863) que a Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses primou por delinea... more RESUMO: Desde a sua origem (1863) que a Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses primou por delinear uma ampla série de actividades tendentes a divulgar o diversificado legado patrimonial português, criando, já no dealbar da centúria de novecentos, secções de estudo correspondentes aos interesses preponderantes junto dos seus mais destacados membros, ditando, assim, o curso definitivo da sua História. De entre esses grupos, destacamos a Secção de Arqueologia Histórica, designação, por si só, expressiva de um modo pró-prio de olhar o passado, trabalhá-lo no presente e projectá-lo no futuro. Congregando nomes incontorná-veis das artes e das letras nacionais, a Secção foi, com frequência, determinante no complexo processo de resgate patrimonial em todo o território português, privilegiando, embora, Lisboa, cidade onde se sediava, nas ruínas da igreja do convento do Carmo. É, pois, este o objecto de análise do trabalho dado agora à estampa, ao longo do qual acompanharemos as suas principais preocupações, desalentos, sucessos e pro-jectos adiados, inserindo-os sempre no seu espaço e no seu tempo.
ABSTRACT: Since its establishment in 1863 the Association of the Portuguese Archaeologists has worked hard to promote a wide range of activities to promote and publicize the various aspects of the Portuguese heritage. For this purpose it created already in the late nineteenth century various study groups corresponding to varied interests. Among these was the Section of Historical Archeology including well known scholars. It paid special attention to Lisbon because it was based in the Convent of Carmo. We are presenting here an account of some of its achievements and difficulties it had to face across times.
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In 1958, took place in Lisbon the 1st National Congress of Archaeology. Belatedly, when
compared ... more In 1958, took place in Lisbon the 1st National Congress of Archaeology. Belatedly, when
compared to counterparts meetings observed in other Western countries, this meeting set a boundary
between two generations of archaeologists. First, between the generation of archaeologists, still born
in the late nineteenth century, fought for institutionalization of this science in the country, founding
and directing public and private organizations, through which sought to assert the relevance of
archaeological studies in the understanding of the past the current Portuguese territory, and its
a&rmation in the international scienti'c community. So, too, enrolled in important networks of
production, circulation and reception of knowledge to underpin them with personal and institutional
schedules. (en, between the generation of archaeologists who, yearning for new theoretical
approaches, with direct consequences on 'eldwork, moved through literature produced by schools,
such as Anglo-Saxon, transfering procedures and broadening horizons discussed in a more or less
o&ciously manner, particularly within the Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugeuses (Association of
Portuguese Archaeologists), and ripping the New Archaeology path between us.
Keywords: 1st National Congress of Archaeology (1958); Eduardo da Cunha Serrão
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Liderando a 1.ª Missão Antropológica a Moçambique (1936), uma das primeiras organizadas após a
cr... more Liderando a 1.ª Missão Antropológica a Moçambique (1936), uma das primeiras organizadas após a
criação da Junta das Missões Geográficas e de Investigações Coloniais (1936), J. Santos Júnior (1901-
1990) não deixou de contemplar o seu interesse pela Arqueologia Pré-Histórica, que cultivava com A. A.
E. Mendes Correia (1888-1960), a quem devia a indicação do seu nome para um projecto tão ambicioso
quanto este.
Não obstante, a arqueologia foi sempre subsidiária nestas missões, sendo conduzida
oportunisticamente, mais por interesse individuado do que por um plano previamente concertado e
aceite superiormente, recolhendo-se material e anotando observações de superfície enquanto se
trilhavam itinerários e visitavam colectores.
Em Moçambique, primeiramente, na metrópole, após o seu regresso, Santos Júnior não deixaria de
sublinhar a premência de conhecer o passado mais longínquo daquele território, cotejando-o à
realidade sul-africana, onde se multiplicavam estudos universitários e espaços museológicos nesta área.
Clamor que verteu, amiúde, nas suas publicações, ao mesmo tempo que elencava um plano de actuação
arqueológica para Moçambique que não concretizou, apesar da sua relevância e de existir quem,
localmente, se dedicasse à Pré-História e Arqueologia e fosse convidado a proferir conferências em
reuniões científicas internacionais da especialidade.
Nesta comunicação, escrutinaremos as causas desta aparente indiferença “lisboeta” pela Arqueologia
Ultramarina, comparando-a à realidade metropolitana e à de outras potências coloniais europeias
coevas, percebendo por que razão nunca integrou, verdadeiramente, a agenda colonial portuguesa, à
dissemelhança do registado noutros campos de investigação. Procuraremos, ainda, compreender a
desarticulação entre arqueólogos de ambos os territórios (Portugal e Moçambique) e o impacto da sua
produção na crescente comunidade de pré-historiadores e arqueólogos consagrados às realidades
subsaarianas.
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Papers by Ana Cristina Martins
«Female Pioneers of Archeology in Portugal: “another brick” against “the wall” of indifference. Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur (1924-2003)». The history of archaeology in Portugal only recently began to give attention to the role played by women archeologists in the affirmation and development of this science in the country. Gradually, through unpublished documentation analysis collated with other primary and secondary sources, it has been possible to retrieve names so far ignored or simply forgotten, especially by an essentially male speech. Among these names, there are some foreign archaeologists who
travelled to Portugal between the 30s and the 50s of the twentieth century, while Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur sought abroad (notably in Spain) academic complementarity that she could not find among us. Therefore, we analyze the contribution of this researcher in the light of the history of science, history of archaeology and gender studies, in order to obtain the desired holistic view.
Keywords: Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur, History of Archaeology, Institute of High Culture, New State, Spain.
/ Royal Association of Portuguese Civil Architects and Archaeologists
/ Association of Portuguese Archaeologists soon recognized the need to be represented in international events, especially after foundation, the following year, of its museological space, known as Carmo Archaeological Museum.
A decision to follow throughout its existence, for the sake of the study, preservation and dissemination of the historical, artistic and archaeological 102 heritage of the country, contributing simultaneously for the emergence and development of similar societies, museums and scientific programs. Particularities to be analyzed briefly in this paper through some examples, including the so far ‘Portuguese India’, and attendance at Universal exhibitions between late nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century.»
Keywords: Association of Portuguese Archaeologists; Carmo Archaeological
Museum; Heritage; Universal Exhibition; Portuguese India.
Evaluating the many forms of reception, circulation and dissemination of New Archaeology in Portugal, we will understand if the 70ies were of transition, when comparing to coeval examples, naming some protagonists, institutions, outcomes and outputs.»
Nevertheless, the analysis and comparison of the means through which different protagonists engaged in the production, circulation and reception of archaeological and prehistoric knowledge, as well as the networks that emerge from its scrutiny, might contribute to an external and comparative approach between the diferente colonial powers.
em Castelo Branco no seio de uma das famílias
com maiores capitais em Portugal, Francisco Tavares
Proença Júnior faleceu em 1916 longe do seu país, na
longínqua Suíça. Neste entretanto, concebeu um dos
projectos integrados mais interessantes da arqueologia
portuguesa do início do século XX. Percorrendo
a Beira Interior em busca de materiais com os quais
pudesse constituir um museu, prospectou, escavou,
leu, escreveu e publicou incessantemente, enquanto
participava em congressos internacionais, procurava
paralelos para os artefactos que encontrava, editava
uma revista e requer apoios junto das entidades que
considerava mais aptas a responderem às suas múltiplas
solicitações. O im da sua vida foi, todavia, extemporâneo,
truncando alguns dos seus intentos.
Palavras-chave: Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior;
Arqueologia; Museu; Congresso Internacional;
Portugal.
Abstract: Born in Lisbon in 1883 and educated in
Castelo Branco within one of the families with the highest
inluence in Portugal, Francisco Tavares Proença
Junior died in 1916 away from his country, in faraway
Switzerland. In the meanwhile, he devised one of the
most interesting integrated projects of Portuguese archaeology
of the early twentieth century. Going through the
Beira Interior in search of materials to be included in a
future museum, he prospected, dug, read, wrote and published
ceaselessly, whilst participated in International
conferences, sought parallels to the artifacts he found,
and edited a magazine. In the meantime, he required support
from the entities he considered better able to respond
to its numerous requests. The end of his life, however,
was out of time, truncating some of his attempts.
Keywords: Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior; Archaeology;
Museum; International Congress; Portugal.
Das múltiplas actividades caracterizadoras do percurso pessoal e académico
de J. L. de Vasconcelos constava a protecção de vestígios do passado do actual
território português que contribuíssem para o seu conhecimento. Não tem sido,
contudo, a vertente mais divulgada das suas acções, excepção feita ao papel
fundamental desempenhado na criação e direcção do Museu Ethnographico Portuguez.
Pretendemos, por conseguinte, explorar melhor esta sua faceta, contextualizando-
-a no panorama nacional e demonstrando o seu envolvimento em organismos
governamentais de salvaguarda patrimonial, onde representou, a maioria das
vezes, interesses de quem se consagrava aos estudos arqueológicos.
Palavras-chave: Portugal – Política patrimonial – Arqueologia – José Leite de
Vasconcelos
José Leite de Vasconcelos
(1858-1941) no contexto da política
de salvaguarda patrimonial1
ANA CRISTINA MARTINS*
1 A execução deste trabalho teria sido impossível sem o apoio dos responsáveis pelo Museu Nacional de Arqueologia,
Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes e Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses, a quem expresso o meu agradecimento
pelas facilidades obtidas na consulta dos respectivos arquivos históricos.
* Ana Cristina Martins é Doutorada em História, Mestre em Arte, Património e Restauro e Licenciada em História
– variante de Arqueologia pela Universidade de Lisboa, em cujo Centro de Arqueologia (Uniarq) desenvolve um
projecto sobre a Arqueologia em Portugal entre as décadas de 20 e 60 do século XX, sendo investigadora
principal da linha de investigação ‘History of Archaeology in Portugal; Theoretical Issues’. Possui várias publicações
na área da História da evolução do pensamento arqueológico, museológico e patrimonial, a maioria das quais
resultante de comunicações apresentadas em encontros nacionais e internacionais. É Investigadora Auxiliar do
IICT (Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical), no âmbito do Programa Compromisso com a Ciência, leccionando
na Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (Lisboa). E-mail: ana.c.martins@netcabo.pt /
ana.martins@iict.pt.
184 ANA CRISTINA MARTINS
O Arqueólogo Português, Série IV, 26, 2008, p. 183-252
ABSTRACT
The protection of archaeological remains from the present Portuguese territory, which
might contribute to its knowledge, was part of the numerous activities which characterized
J. L. de Vasconcelos’ personal and academic life. However, it has not been the most divulged
aspect of his actions, with the exception made of the fundamental role played in the
foundation and direction of the Museu Ethnographico Portuguez (Portuguese Ethnographic
Museum). Therefore, our purpose is to explore this facet by contextualizing it within the
national framework and by showing his involvement in governmental organizations of
heritage safeguard, whereby most of the times he represented the interests of those who
devoted themselves to archaeological studies.
Keywords: Portugal – Heritage policy – Archaeology
However, little attention has been paid to local initiatives from individuals and entities that adduced considerable contributions to the Prehistoric knowledge of those territories. These are the cases of the works promoted by the Departments of Industry, Mines and Geological Services of Angola and Mozambique (1919), the Commission of Historical Monuments of Mozambique (1943), or the Dundo Museum (1936) associated to the Diamond Company of Angola (1917-1975).
In the following essay we will attend to these two case studies, Mozambique and Angola, in order to identify actors, purposes and results as well as networks, agents, places and means involved in the production, circulation and reception of archaeological knowledge.
European society, the Portuguese architect and investigator Joaquim Possidónio
Narciso da Silva (1806-1896) engaged in a series of activities which sought to promote the
implementation and development of the young nineteenth-century science of Archaeology.
In addition, he sought to awaken public consciousness to the critical importance of safeguarding
all material vestiges of the past. This preservation would become especially important
in a time when historical and archaeological studies took on the important role of
remembering the past, which was supposedly common and unifying.
ABSTRACT: Since its establishment in 1863 the Association of the Portuguese Archaeologists has worked hard to promote a wide range of activities to promote and publicize the various aspects of the Portuguese heritage. For this purpose it created already in the late nineteenth century various study groups corresponding to varied interests. Among these was the Section of Historical Archeology including well known scholars. It paid special attention to Lisbon because it was based in the Convent of Carmo. We are presenting here an account of some of its achievements and difficulties it had to face across times.
compared to counterparts meetings observed in other Western countries, this meeting set a boundary
between two generations of archaeologists. First, between the generation of archaeologists, still born
in the late nineteenth century, fought for institutionalization of this science in the country, founding
and directing public and private organizations, through which sought to assert the relevance of
archaeological studies in the understanding of the past the current Portuguese territory, and its
a&rmation in the international scienti'c community. So, too, enrolled in important networks of
production, circulation and reception of knowledge to underpin them with personal and institutional
schedules. (en, between the generation of archaeologists who, yearning for new theoretical
approaches, with direct consequences on 'eldwork, moved through literature produced by schools,
such as Anglo-Saxon, transfering procedures and broadening horizons discussed in a more or less
o&ciously manner, particularly within the Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugeuses (Association of
Portuguese Archaeologists), and ripping the New Archaeology path between us.
Keywords: 1st National Congress of Archaeology (1958); Eduardo da Cunha Serrão
criação da Junta das Missões Geográficas e de Investigações Coloniais (1936), J. Santos Júnior (1901-
1990) não deixou de contemplar o seu interesse pela Arqueologia Pré-Histórica, que cultivava com A. A.
E. Mendes Correia (1888-1960), a quem devia a indicação do seu nome para um projecto tão ambicioso
quanto este.
Não obstante, a arqueologia foi sempre subsidiária nestas missões, sendo conduzida
oportunisticamente, mais por interesse individuado do que por um plano previamente concertado e
aceite superiormente, recolhendo-se material e anotando observações de superfície enquanto se
trilhavam itinerários e visitavam colectores.
Em Moçambique, primeiramente, na metrópole, após o seu regresso, Santos Júnior não deixaria de
sublinhar a premência de conhecer o passado mais longínquo daquele território, cotejando-o à
realidade sul-africana, onde se multiplicavam estudos universitários e espaços museológicos nesta área.
Clamor que verteu, amiúde, nas suas publicações, ao mesmo tempo que elencava um plano de actuação
arqueológica para Moçambique que não concretizou, apesar da sua relevância e de existir quem,
localmente, se dedicasse à Pré-História e Arqueologia e fosse convidado a proferir conferências em
reuniões científicas internacionais da especialidade.
Nesta comunicação, escrutinaremos as causas desta aparente indiferença “lisboeta” pela Arqueologia
Ultramarina, comparando-a à realidade metropolitana e à de outras potências coloniais europeias
coevas, percebendo por que razão nunca integrou, verdadeiramente, a agenda colonial portuguesa, à
dissemelhança do registado noutros campos de investigação. Procuraremos, ainda, compreender a
desarticulação entre arqueólogos de ambos os territórios (Portugal e Moçambique) e o impacto da sua
produção na crescente comunidade de pré-historiadores e arqueólogos consagrados às realidades
subsaarianas.
«Female Pioneers of Archeology in Portugal: “another brick” against “the wall” of indifference. Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur (1924-2003)». The history of archaeology in Portugal only recently began to give attention to the role played by women archeologists in the affirmation and development of this science in the country. Gradually, through unpublished documentation analysis collated with other primary and secondary sources, it has been possible to retrieve names so far ignored or simply forgotten, especially by an essentially male speech. Among these names, there are some foreign archaeologists who
travelled to Portugal between the 30s and the 50s of the twentieth century, while Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur sought abroad (notably in Spain) academic complementarity that she could not find among us. Therefore, we analyze the contribution of this researcher in the light of the history of science, history of archaeology and gender studies, in order to obtain the desired holistic view.
Keywords: Maria de Lourdes Costa Arthur, History of Archaeology, Institute of High Culture, New State, Spain.
/ Royal Association of Portuguese Civil Architects and Archaeologists
/ Association of Portuguese Archaeologists soon recognized the need to be represented in international events, especially after foundation, the following year, of its museological space, known as Carmo Archaeological Museum.
A decision to follow throughout its existence, for the sake of the study, preservation and dissemination of the historical, artistic and archaeological 102 heritage of the country, contributing simultaneously for the emergence and development of similar societies, museums and scientific programs. Particularities to be analyzed briefly in this paper through some examples, including the so far ‘Portuguese India’, and attendance at Universal exhibitions between late nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century.»
Keywords: Association of Portuguese Archaeologists; Carmo Archaeological
Museum; Heritage; Universal Exhibition; Portuguese India.
Evaluating the many forms of reception, circulation and dissemination of New Archaeology in Portugal, we will understand if the 70ies were of transition, when comparing to coeval examples, naming some protagonists, institutions, outcomes and outputs.»
Nevertheless, the analysis and comparison of the means through which different protagonists engaged in the production, circulation and reception of archaeological and prehistoric knowledge, as well as the networks that emerge from its scrutiny, might contribute to an external and comparative approach between the diferente colonial powers.
em Castelo Branco no seio de uma das famílias
com maiores capitais em Portugal, Francisco Tavares
Proença Júnior faleceu em 1916 longe do seu país, na
longínqua Suíça. Neste entretanto, concebeu um dos
projectos integrados mais interessantes da arqueologia
portuguesa do início do século XX. Percorrendo
a Beira Interior em busca de materiais com os quais
pudesse constituir um museu, prospectou, escavou,
leu, escreveu e publicou incessantemente, enquanto
participava em congressos internacionais, procurava
paralelos para os artefactos que encontrava, editava
uma revista e requer apoios junto das entidades que
considerava mais aptas a responderem às suas múltiplas
solicitações. O im da sua vida foi, todavia, extemporâneo,
truncando alguns dos seus intentos.
Palavras-chave: Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior;
Arqueologia; Museu; Congresso Internacional;
Portugal.
Abstract: Born in Lisbon in 1883 and educated in
Castelo Branco within one of the families with the highest
inluence in Portugal, Francisco Tavares Proença
Junior died in 1916 away from his country, in faraway
Switzerland. In the meanwhile, he devised one of the
most interesting integrated projects of Portuguese archaeology
of the early twentieth century. Going through the
Beira Interior in search of materials to be included in a
future museum, he prospected, dug, read, wrote and published
ceaselessly, whilst participated in International
conferences, sought parallels to the artifacts he found,
and edited a magazine. In the meantime, he required support
from the entities he considered better able to respond
to its numerous requests. The end of his life, however,
was out of time, truncating some of his attempts.
Keywords: Francisco Tavares Proença Júnior; Archaeology;
Museum; International Congress; Portugal.
Das múltiplas actividades caracterizadoras do percurso pessoal e académico
de J. L. de Vasconcelos constava a protecção de vestígios do passado do actual
território português que contribuíssem para o seu conhecimento. Não tem sido,
contudo, a vertente mais divulgada das suas acções, excepção feita ao papel
fundamental desempenhado na criação e direcção do Museu Ethnographico Portuguez.
Pretendemos, por conseguinte, explorar melhor esta sua faceta, contextualizando-
-a no panorama nacional e demonstrando o seu envolvimento em organismos
governamentais de salvaguarda patrimonial, onde representou, a maioria das
vezes, interesses de quem se consagrava aos estudos arqueológicos.
Palavras-chave: Portugal – Política patrimonial – Arqueologia – José Leite de
Vasconcelos
José Leite de Vasconcelos
(1858-1941) no contexto da política
de salvaguarda patrimonial1
ANA CRISTINA MARTINS*
1 A execução deste trabalho teria sido impossível sem o apoio dos responsáveis pelo Museu Nacional de Arqueologia,
Academia Nacional de Belas-Artes e Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses, a quem expresso o meu agradecimento
pelas facilidades obtidas na consulta dos respectivos arquivos históricos.
* Ana Cristina Martins é Doutorada em História, Mestre em Arte, Património e Restauro e Licenciada em História
– variante de Arqueologia pela Universidade de Lisboa, em cujo Centro de Arqueologia (Uniarq) desenvolve um
projecto sobre a Arqueologia em Portugal entre as décadas de 20 e 60 do século XX, sendo investigadora
principal da linha de investigação ‘History of Archaeology in Portugal; Theoretical Issues’. Possui várias publicações
na área da História da evolução do pensamento arqueológico, museológico e patrimonial, a maioria das quais
resultante de comunicações apresentadas em encontros nacionais e internacionais. É Investigadora Auxiliar do
IICT (Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical), no âmbito do Programa Compromisso com a Ciência, leccionando
na Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (Lisboa). E-mail: ana.c.martins@netcabo.pt /
ana.martins@iict.pt.
184 ANA CRISTINA MARTINS
O Arqueólogo Português, Série IV, 26, 2008, p. 183-252
ABSTRACT
The protection of archaeological remains from the present Portuguese territory, which
might contribute to its knowledge, was part of the numerous activities which characterized
J. L. de Vasconcelos’ personal and academic life. However, it has not been the most divulged
aspect of his actions, with the exception made of the fundamental role played in the
foundation and direction of the Museu Ethnographico Portuguez (Portuguese Ethnographic
Museum). Therefore, our purpose is to explore this facet by contextualizing it within the
national framework and by showing his involvement in governmental organizations of
heritage safeguard, whereby most of the times he represented the interests of those who
devoted themselves to archaeological studies.
Keywords: Portugal – Heritage policy – Archaeology
However, little attention has been paid to local initiatives from individuals and entities that adduced considerable contributions to the Prehistoric knowledge of those territories. These are the cases of the works promoted by the Departments of Industry, Mines and Geological Services of Angola and Mozambique (1919), the Commission of Historical Monuments of Mozambique (1943), or the Dundo Museum (1936) associated to the Diamond Company of Angola (1917-1975).
In the following essay we will attend to these two case studies, Mozambique and Angola, in order to identify actors, purposes and results as well as networks, agents, places and means involved in the production, circulation and reception of archaeological knowledge.
European society, the Portuguese architect and investigator Joaquim Possidónio
Narciso da Silva (1806-1896) engaged in a series of activities which sought to promote the
implementation and development of the young nineteenth-century science of Archaeology.
In addition, he sought to awaken public consciousness to the critical importance of safeguarding
all material vestiges of the past. This preservation would become especially important
in a time when historical and archaeological studies took on the important role of
remembering the past, which was supposedly common and unifying.
ABSTRACT: Since its establishment in 1863 the Association of the Portuguese Archaeologists has worked hard to promote a wide range of activities to promote and publicize the various aspects of the Portuguese heritage. For this purpose it created already in the late nineteenth century various study groups corresponding to varied interests. Among these was the Section of Historical Archeology including well known scholars. It paid special attention to Lisbon because it was based in the Convent of Carmo. We are presenting here an account of some of its achievements and difficulties it had to face across times.
compared to counterparts meetings observed in other Western countries, this meeting set a boundary
between two generations of archaeologists. First, between the generation of archaeologists, still born
in the late nineteenth century, fought for institutionalization of this science in the country, founding
and directing public and private organizations, through which sought to assert the relevance of
archaeological studies in the understanding of the past the current Portuguese territory, and its
a&rmation in the international scienti'c community. So, too, enrolled in important networks of
production, circulation and reception of knowledge to underpin them with personal and institutional
schedules. (en, between the generation of archaeologists who, yearning for new theoretical
approaches, with direct consequences on 'eldwork, moved through literature produced by schools,
such as Anglo-Saxon, transfering procedures and broadening horizons discussed in a more or less
o&ciously manner, particularly within the Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugeuses (Association of
Portuguese Archaeologists), and ripping the New Archaeology path between us.
Keywords: 1st National Congress of Archaeology (1958); Eduardo da Cunha Serrão
criação da Junta das Missões Geográficas e de Investigações Coloniais (1936), J. Santos Júnior (1901-
1990) não deixou de contemplar o seu interesse pela Arqueologia Pré-Histórica, que cultivava com A. A.
E. Mendes Correia (1888-1960), a quem devia a indicação do seu nome para um projecto tão ambicioso
quanto este.
Não obstante, a arqueologia foi sempre subsidiária nestas missões, sendo conduzida
oportunisticamente, mais por interesse individuado do que por um plano previamente concertado e
aceite superiormente, recolhendo-se material e anotando observações de superfície enquanto se
trilhavam itinerários e visitavam colectores.
Em Moçambique, primeiramente, na metrópole, após o seu regresso, Santos Júnior não deixaria de
sublinhar a premência de conhecer o passado mais longínquo daquele território, cotejando-o à
realidade sul-africana, onde se multiplicavam estudos universitários e espaços museológicos nesta área.
Clamor que verteu, amiúde, nas suas publicações, ao mesmo tempo que elencava um plano de actuação
arqueológica para Moçambique que não concretizou, apesar da sua relevância e de existir quem,
localmente, se dedicasse à Pré-História e Arqueologia e fosse convidado a proferir conferências em
reuniões científicas internacionais da especialidade.
Nesta comunicação, escrutinaremos as causas desta aparente indiferença “lisboeta” pela Arqueologia
Ultramarina, comparando-a à realidade metropolitana e à de outras potências coloniais europeias
coevas, percebendo por que razão nunca integrou, verdadeiramente, a agenda colonial portuguesa, à
dissemelhança do registado noutros campos de investigação. Procuraremos, ainda, compreender a
desarticulação entre arqueólogos de ambos os territórios (Portugal e Moçambique) e o impacto da sua
produção na crescente comunidade de pré-historiadores e arqueólogos consagrados às realidades
subsaarianas.
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Science and its cloaks of invisibility:
iberian testimonies
Coords. Ana Cristina Martins & Eulália Pérez Sedeño
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5th National Meeting of History of Science and Technology
2nd International Congress of Interdisciplinary History of Health
Universidade de Coimbra, 13-15 de Julho de 2016
women in Portuguese archaeology
(mid-20th century)
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5th National Meeting of History of Science and Technology
2nd International Congress of Interdisciplinary History of Health
Universidade de Coimbra, 13-15 de Julho de 2016
É assim que, em boa hora, o protocolo assinado entre a Autarquia e a Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa vem concretizar-se, nomeadamente, na colaboração entre o Centro de Arqueologia de Lisboa e a Secção de Arqueologia da SGL para a realização anual de um colóquio com o tema geral de ‘Fragmentos de Arqueologia de Lisboa’, acentuando aspectos da realidade arqueológica.
Entre os contextos que vêm sendo revelados, a presença de diversificado espólio relacionado com uma das condicionantes mais determinantes para a condição humana – a Alimentação – dá o sub-título a esta primeira realização. Com efeito, são vários os testemunhos que nos aportam para os hábitos alimentares das populações que têm vivido no espaço geográfico que actualmente pertence à cidade de Lisboa, desde a Pré-história até à actualidade: resíduos alimentares variados, recipientes e/ou estruturas relacionadas com o consumo, a preparação e a produção de alimentos, que diversas fontes documentais por vezes completam.
A publicação deste volume inicia assim uma coleção que, sob o título genérico de Fragmentos de Arqueologia de Lisboa, trará ao domínio de um público alargado os resultados de cada encontro.
Começamos aqui pela problemática das primeiras comunidades neolíticas abordadas através da comunicação de Nelson Almeida e colaboradores sobre A arqueofauna do Neolítico Antigo da Encosta de Sant’Ana (Lisboa), a que a conferência de João Luís Cardoso dá seguimento, abordando numa importante síntese: As faunas de grandes e médios mamíferos e a alimentação humana na região de Lisboa, do Paleolítico ao Bronze Final.
O estudo de Susana Martínez, Sónia Gabriel e Jacinta Bugalhão 2500 anos de exploração de recursos aquáticos em Lisboa. Núcleo Arqueológico da rua dos Correeiros faz a ponte para a História da Alimentação nos primórdios da Lisboa-Cidade.
A importância da romanização e posterior percurso da Lisboa urbana conduzem-nos a sucessivamente percorrermos:
- Com Clementino Amaro e Guilherme Cardoso, A alimentação em Lisboa na época romana através das ânforas da Casa dos Bicos.
- Com António Rei e explorando fontes não-arqueológicas, os Elementos vegetais na alimentação de al-Ushbûna, entre os séculos X e XII.
- Maria João Valente e António Marques trazem-nos de volta à Arqueologia com Alimentação mudéjar em Lisboa: a zooarqueologia da Casa da Severa (Mouraria, Lisboa), enquanto Rui Neves nos faz percorrer Fernão Lopes para reflectir sobre O drama da fome sob o signo castelhano – 1384 e João Pedro Gomes nos fala da Comida de rua na Lisboa Moderna (sécs. XVI e XVII).
- Prosseguindo na Época Moderna, Tânia Casimiro, Carlos Boavida, Cleia Detry e Simon Davis apresentam uma primeira síntese de resultados do estudo do notável espólio obtido na intervenção no Largo do Coreto em Carnide – Cozinhar e comer: Cerâmicas e alimentação em Carnide (1550-1650).
- Carlos Boavida aborda de seguida e numa interessante comunicação os até agora pouco estudados artefactos metálicos utilizados para Preparar, servir e comer – Vestígios arqueológicos metálicos do que se usava na cozinha e à mesa na Lisboa da Idade Moderna para, em seguida, nos falar dos prazeres de Baco materializados Entre copos e garrafas – Os vidros do Largo de Jesus (Lisboa).
- Já no primeiro quartel do século XX, Ana Maria Prosépio leva-nos a revisitar o saudoso Diário de Lisboa para reflectir sobre O património alimentar nas caricaturas do jornal vespertino “Diário de Lisboa” (1921 a 1926).