pavles pasaJis neoplatonuri ganmarteba

ioane petriwTan: Teoria materiis Sesaxeb

levan gigineiSvili

ioane petriwi saqarTveloSi Camovida didi proeqtiT: ganexor­

cielebina neoplatonuri filosofiisa da qristianobis sinTezi;
eCvenebina, rom qristianuli, bibliuri tradicia da neoplatonuri
tradicia erTsa da imave WeSmaritebaze laparakobs, mxolod sxva­
dasxva gziT, rom bibliac gadmoscems `arsTa Tanawarmodgomil WeS­
maritebas~ `fardebis~ anu metaforebis gziT. filosofosis mizani ki
aris gadaxsnas es fardebi, rac sxva araferia, Tuarada metafizikuri
ganmarteba misces, metafizikuri azriT Seavsos bibliuri gamonaTqva­
mi. sxvanairad, es gamonaTqvami dakargavs Tavis funqcias – ra saWiroa
bibliuri gamonaTqvami, Tu ar gakafa gza filosofiuri xed­visaken?
zemoTqmulis sailustraciod am statiaSi ganxiluli iqneba erTi
konk­retuli adgili petriwis `ganmartebebidan~ sadac gelaTeli
filosofosi Tavis Cveul xerxs Tu maneras mimarTavs: msjelobs fi­
losofiur xedvaze da Semdeg mohyavs pasaJi bibliidan, romelic misi
azriT, swored am xedvas Seesabameba. kidev erTxel, aq laparaki ar
aris mxolod msgavsebaze da, ase vTqvaT, bundovan paralelizmze, ar­
amed identifikaciaze: bibliuri pasaJi zustad imaves ambobs, rasac
platonuri metafizika, mxolod mravali saukunis manZilze elode­
boda filosofoss, raTa es azri amoecno; rogorc nacrisferi kenWi
elodeba zRvis Sxefebs da mzis sxivebs, raTa Tavisi faruli ferebi
da brwyinvaleba gamoaCinos.
winamdebare naSromSi ganvixilavT erT-erT aseT metafizikur
Teorias da petriwis mier misTvis SerCeul bibliur analogs.
saqme exeba Teorias materiaze. mogvyavs citata prokles 139-e Ta­
vis petriwiseuli ganmartebidan:
ese xedvani daazedaÁszedavna viTar zesT saTanadoni. ityÂs, vi­
Tarmed yovelTa ganRmrTobilTa emwuervalebis namdÂlmyofi­
sa morTulebaÁ. rameTu pirvelTa sazRvarTa mier moirTo, ese
igi ars pirveli sazRvari da pirveli usazRvroobaÁ. rameTu
yovelni RmrTebrivni erTni da mxoloni romelnime sazRvris
guar arian, romelnime usazRvrois guar. xolo pirveli arseba
man zesTTaman erTTaman warmoamko, viTar xati TÂsi da RmerTi
arsTa da myofTaÁ; xolo TÂT igi uTÂToi TviTi erTi myofoba­

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levan gigineiSvili

saca da ara myofobasaca sworebiT zesT dauSTebis, rameTu ar

myofobisa damarTebiTi myofi ars pirveli, es igi ars namdÂl
myofi, xolo zesTaÁ erTTaÁ erTi aras iqonebs winamwyod TÂs­
da. rameTu verca ar myofi viTar ar myofi ganevlTas sakrvel­
Ta erTobisaTa, rameTu viTar ara myofi erTve ars, vinaive ara
myofsaca dahmeufna zesT Zalman erTTa erTisaman da ese igi
ars Cemisa pavlesi, `romelman uwoda ar myofsa viTar myofsa~
[ioane petriwi 1937:170-171].
ra iTqmeba aq? petriwi laparakobs, rom aris ori polaruli
`wertili~: a) ar myofi da b) misi `damarTebiTi~, anu misi dadebiTi
analogi `pirveli myofi~. pirveli myofi ki aris `namdvilmyofi~,
romelsac petriwi sxva adgilebSi pirveli gonebasac uwodebs da
maradiul, srulyofil ideebis samyaros warmoadgens. es samyaro Se­
qmnilia RmerTis mier da igi awesrigebs materiis armyofobas. anu
gamodis, rom materiis armyofoba ar aRniSnavs absolutur ararao­
bas da arafrobas, aramed raRac gauformebel raobas, romelic Ta­
vis gaformebas iRebs namdvilmyofisagan. maSasadame, `ar myofoba~
unda gaviazroT, rogorc `gauformebloba~, anu arsebuli uformo
materia. es materia `moelis~/~moiTxovs~ formobriv gansazRvras
zemodan, namdvilmyofisagan, romlis Sesabamisi polaruli prin­
cipi TviTonaa. anu, kvlav platonis `timeosis~ Tema _ mouwesrige­
beli masalis mowesrigeba _ oRondac demiurgis rols aq Tavad nam­
dvilmyofi asrulebs, radgan Tavadaa, aristoteles terminebi rom
gamovi­yenoT, erTdrulad formaluri da moqmedi mizezic.
rac Seexeba TviT yofierebis sawyiss, Seuqmnel, absolutur, tran­
scendentur erTs, mas ar hyavs aranairi polaruli sapirispiro
principi absoluturi armyofobis, arafrobis saxiT. erTi, amdenad,
uflebs yvelaferze, xiluli da uxilavi samyaroebis mTel sisavseze
da araferi rCeba misi `kontrolis~ (`sakrvelebis~) gareT.
petriwis es xedva momdinareobs proklesgan, an uSualod, an di­
onise areopagelis mediaciiT, xolo emijneba plotinosis Teorias,
miuxedavad imisa, rom petriwi, iyenebs plotinosis terminologias
(materia plotinosTan aris `armyofi~ - to; mh; o[n) da materias uwodebs
`armyofs~. plotinosis azriT, materia (romelic aseve borotebis

 samecniero literaturaSi petriwis am pasaJs sagangebod Seexo lela aleqsiZe Tavis

uaxles naSromSi [aleqsiZe 2008: 247-248].
 petriwi cvlis Tavis TargmanSi prokles `RvTiurs~ `RmerTiT~ da nacvlad Targm­
nisa `yovelTa Soris, romelnic eziarebian RvTiur Tvisebas da ganiRmrTobian~
Targmnis `yovelTa mziarebelTa RmrTisa TviTebisasa da ganRmrTobilTa~; es ar
aris gasakviri, radgan prokle `RvTiurSi~ gulisxmobs henadis da ara transcenden­
turi erTis Tvisebas, henadebi ki mis poliTeistur samyaroSi TavisTavadi RmerTebi
arian. petriwi ar iRebs prokles poliTeizms, da amitomac cvlis `RvTiurs~ Rmer­
TiT, RmerTSi ki transcendentur erTs gulisxmobs.
 Sdr. Enneades, II, 4, 16.

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 pavles pasaJis neoplatonuri ganmarteba ioane petriwTan

metafizikuri sawyisia) aris transcendenturi erTis polaruli

uaryofiTi sawyisi, SeiZleba iTqvas, iseve `mZlavri~ rogorc Tavad
erTi. plotinosTan materia aris `ar myofi~ im gagebiT, rom igi aris
erTisgan gamomavali `gamosxivebis~ (`emanaciis~) bolo zRvari. anu,
SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom is aris erTis sruli opozicia, sruli mokleba
Tu dasusteba; am gagebiT, is aris transcendentur erTTan polaru­
lad dapirispirebuli boroti da armyofi, romelic araTu ar uSvebs
erTis sxivebs TavisTan, aramed SeiZleba aqtiuradac SeiWras yofi­
erebis sivrceSi da borotebis mizezi gaxdes. swored amgvar dualis­
tur xedvas upirispirdeba prokle, romelic xazgasmiT ambobs, rom
Tavad materiis sawyisic aris erTi, rom materia uSualod momdina­
reobs erTisagan da, aqedan gamomdinare, unda monawileobdes mTeli
samyaros Tavisi transcendenturi mizezisadmi kosmiur trfialeba­Si
da dabrunebis (`ukuqcevis~) procesSi. domenik o’mearas azriT, antikur
filosofiaSi materiis raobis gaazreba or sxvadasxva sqemaSi xde­
boda: pirveli sqema aris e.w. `momwesrigeblobiTi~, rac niSnavs, rom
ideebis samyarodan xdeba winamoarse, daus bamo, maradiuli da qao­
surad moZravi materiis mowesrigeba [o’meara 1998:10-11]. am modelSi
arc ki ismeba sakiTxi materiis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. igulisxmeba, rom
qaosuri materia iseve dausabamoa da maradiulia, rogoric Tavad
ideebis samyaro da maT Soris aranairi, arc droiTi da arc logikuri
sekvencia ar aris. rac Seexeba meore models Tu sqemas, mas o’meara
uwodebs `derivatiuls~, anu `gamomdinareobTs~; am sqemis mixedviT
mTavari sakiTxia, Tu saidan warmoiSveba, saidan momdinareobs Tavad
materia, ra aris materiis arsebobis piroba. aseT xedvaSi upirobo,
absoluturi da araderivatuli myofoba eniWeba mxolod transcen­
dentur erTs, xolo materia ikavebs erT-erT, Tundac yvelaze bolo,
adgils erTisagan gamomavali realiebis rigSi, magram ontologiuri
gagebiT ar gamoeyofa am rigs. orive, prokleca da plotinosic de­
rivatiul models mihyvebian; marTalia, plotinosi zogjer `momwes­
rigeblobiT~ sqemaSic ganixilavs materias, magram ZiriTadad am sqe­
mas umorCilebs derivatiul sqemas, anu imas, rom materiac erTisgan
gamodis, da warmoadgens emanaciis ukanasknel zRvars. mniSvnelovani
gansxvaveba proklesa da plotinoss Soris aris is, rom proklesTan
materia gamomdinareobs ara misi uSualo winamorbedidan derivaciis
jaWvSi, aramed pirdapir, uSualod erTisagan. amdenad, Tavad materiis
`moklebebis~ (anu, ideuri gaformebisagan moklebebis, steresis-ebis
- sterhvsei~) uSualo wyaro aris erTi. `RvTismetyvelebis safuZvlebis~

 d. o’meara miiCnevs, rom „timeosSi” aRwerili materiis moZraoba SeiZleba orgvarad

iqnas gaazrebuli: a) rom materias qaosuri moZraobis Tavisi, ideebis samyarosgan
damoukidebeli sawyisi aqvs; am qaosuri moZraobis mizezi, SesaZloa, iyos is “boroti
suli”, romelzec platonisti qsenokrate saubrobda; da b) rom es moZraoba momdin­
areobs zeda mizezebidan da gamoxatavs materiis swrafvas, rom gaformdes da mowes­
rigdes. pirveli ganmarteba plotinis modelSi jdeba, meore ki _ proklesaSi.

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levan gigineiSvili

72-e TavSi prokle pirdapir ambobs amas. es gacilebiT ufro optimis­

turi xedvaa materiaze, vidre plotinosTan.
iseve, rogorc SemdgomSi ioane petriwi, dionise areopageli
iRebs plotinosis terminologias, magram prokleseburad iazrebs
mas. fsevdo-dionises azriT, materiac monawileobs samyaroseul
wadilSi (trfobaSi) transcendenturi mizezisadmi. am xedvas mihyve­
ba petriwic, rodesac ambobs, rom `nivTi uguaroÁ, daklebuli yove­
lTa sazRuarTa da guarTagan, usaxo da umdgo yovliTurT _ viTar
platon ityvis viTarmed odnen namrRuevsa da nacTsa gulmyisiere­
basa Soris monagoni _ xolo erTobiTa ubaZavs da umsgavsebs zesT
gankargulsa erTsa, da vinaÁTgan hgavs, raÁTve wadnois trfialebad
misdmi da gakeTilebad zesT keTilobaTa misTagan~ (ganmartebaÁ, gv.
83). materia SeuZlebelia iyos boroti, isic arsia da, rogorc yve­
la arsi manamde, sanam realurad gaarsdeba, ze-arsad imyofeba Tavis
mizezSi _ RmerTSi (mTeli samyaro mis gaCenamdec ze-arsad ukve aris
RmerTSi).10 aqac petriwi prokles da dionise areopagels mihyveba;
dionise garkveviT ambobs, rom materiac (`ar myofi~) ar aris absolu­
turad armyofi, radgan ze-arsad (uJperousivw~), ese igi, Seqmnis winare
`Canafiqris~ Tu `monaxazis~ saxiT, arsebobs RmerTSi da, borotebis­

 hJ me;n ga;r u{lh, uJpokeivmenon ou\sa pavntwn, ejk tou` pavntwn aijtivou proh`lqe. Elementatio Theologica, prop.
72.
 ejfivetai aujtou` kai; to; mh; o[n – DN, 716A, 1. rogorc dionises pirveli sqoliasti, ioane
skiTopoleli ambobs, „materias ewodeba `ar-myofi~ ara imitom, rom is absolutu­
rad araraobaa, aramed imitom, rom is ar arsebobs. vinaidan RmerTi aris WeSmari­
tad arsi da TavisTavadi sikeTe; da TviT materiac Seiqmna RvTisagan [absoluturi]
armyofebisagan”. Targmani inglisuridan Sevasrule Semdegi gamocemidan: „Selected
Translation of John of Scythopolis Scholia”, in: Paul Rorem and John C. Lamoreaux. John of Scythopolis
and the Dianysian Corpus. Annotating the Areopagite. Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 208.
 platonis azriT, vinaidan msjeloba SesaZlebelia mxolod imaze, rasac aqvs forma
da gansazRvreba, amdenad uformo materiaze mxolod `ukanonod Sobili~ azrovnebaa
SesaZlebeli, radgan gansazRvruls verafers vityviT masze. Sdr. Timaeus 52b 1-5.
 upirispirdeba ra plotinosis ideas, rom materia aris absoluturi boroteba,
prokle ase msjelobs: materia aris gauformebeli da uzomo da saWiroebs gaforme­
bas da zomas, maSasadame is ver iqneba boroti, radganac mas aqvs wadili formisa da
srulyofisa (Sdr. De Malorum Subsistentia 32, 9-20; prokles naSromis es damowmeba aviRe
Semdegi naSromidan: Carlos Steel, Proclus on the Existence of Evi. Proceedings of the Boston Area Col-
loquium in Ancient Philosophy. Vol. XIV, 1998, Brill: Leiden, pp. 96-97 ).
 aq unda vaxsenoT petriwis msjeloba `ideis moklebaze~, (`mokleba~ – stevrhsi~) anu
iseT arsebobaze, sadac ideis Suqi (romelic momdinareobs namdvilmyofi-gonebidan)
aRar aRwevs. petriwis azriT, aristoteluri stevrhsi~-is (`moklebis~) magaliTi aris
pirveladi materia, romelic sruliad gauformebelia, anu goneba mas ver swvdeba;
samagierod aqvs arseboba transcendenturi erTisagan (ganmartebaÁ, T. 57).
10 petriwis azriT, da aq is mihyveba prokles, metafizikur samyaroSi Sedegi manamde sa­
nam (NB: es `manamde~ logikur sekvencias da ierarqias mianiSnebs da ara dros) miiRebs
Tavis individualur, „damoukidebel~ myofobas, imyofeba mizezSi ufro aRmatebuli
saxiT. samyaros mizezSi, transcendentur erTSi yvelaferi aris zesT arsad~ da um­
jobesad: „rameTu odes mas miuwdomelsa zesT arssa Soris gesmes pirveli arseba, um­
jobesad hracxe bunebasa arsebisasa, da viTar zesT arsad da erTebrivad~ (ganmarte­
bai, gv. 130). am citataSi petriwi msjelobs Seqmnil gonebaze, namdvilmyofze, magram
igive SeiZleba ganvavrcoT nebismier arsze.

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 pavles pasaJis neoplatonuri ganmarteba ioane petriwTan

gan gansxvavebiT, qmnilebis gegmis nawilia.11 petriwic imeorebs, rom

`erTSi yovelive zesT arsad imyofeba~.
cxadia, prokles Teoria materiis Sesaxeb ufro axlosaa qris­
tianul modelTan, sadac materiac RvTis qmnilebaa da ara rame misgan
damoukidebeli sawyisi. RmerTi sruliad arafrisgan qmnis samyaros,
`sruli araferi~ ki RmerTis polaruli principi araa, is arafe­
ria da, amdenad, ar Tanxvdeba plotinosis `armyofs~, anu materias,
romelic transcendentuli erTis emanaciis sruli daSretaa da,
garkveuli azriT, borotebis metafizikur mizezsac warmoadgens.
Tu proklesTan materia ar aris borotebis metafizikuri wyaro,
maSin ra aris? prokles azriT, boroteba ar arsebobs TavisTavad,
aramed borotebis mizezi aris Seusabamo statusi: is Cndeba maSin,
Tu arsi ar ikavebs TavisTvis gankuTvnil statuss, aramed iTavisebs
sakuTari statusisTvis Seuferebel Tvisebas, ase vTqvaT, gadaad­
gildeba Tavisi statusidan. terminologiurad amas prokle uwo­
debs `paripostasis~-s (parupovstasi~ ), anu gadaxvevas ontologiuri
funqciidan. amis mizezi ki ar aris materia.12 petriwis poziciac
borotebis mimarT prokles msgavsia. is ar ayalibebs `pariposta­
sis~ badal qarTul termins, magram misi azrebi zustad gamoxata­
ven am terminis ideas: petriwis azriT, samyaro teleologiurad
aris mowyobili da yvela arss Tavisi daniSnuleba, funqcia, an
Tavisi specifikuri srulyofa aqvs; srulyofis kriteriumi ama
Tu im arsisTvis ki aris is, Tu Tavisi ra aspeqtiT, ra moqmedebiT
emsgavseba igi umaRles, maradiul yofierebas: magaliTad, erTad­
erTi, riTac SeuZlia mokvdav cxovels maradiul myofs daemsgav­
sos, aris Tavisi msgavsis warmoSoba, rom sakuTari Tavi STamomav­
lobaSi mainc gaagrZelos, maSin, rodesac Tavad individualurad
mokvdeba da gaixrwneba; anu cxovels SeuZlia mxolod vikarialur
(`warmomadgenlobiT~/`CanacvlebiT~) ukvdavebas miaRwios: saku­
Tari pirmSo aris erTaderTi `kauWi~, riTac SeuZlia `gamoedos~
maradisobas.13 amdenad, sqesobrivi kavSiri, masTan dakavSirebuli

11 oujde;n ga;r e[stai to; kaqovlou mh; o[n, eij mh; ejn tajgaqw`/ kata; to; uJperouvsion levgoito. DN, 716D, 1-2.
12 am sakiTxze ix. Lloyd A. C. “Parhypostasis in Proclus”, in: Proclus et son Influence. Actes du Collo-
que de Neuchatel [juin 1985], ed. par G. Boss et G. Seel, avec une introduction de F. Brunner. Zurich:
Grand Midi, 1987, pp. 145-157. vinaidan prokles sistemaSi Znelia moZebno adgili Tavisu­
fali nebisTvis zematerialur samyaroSi, maSin aseve Zneli asaxsneli xdeba, Tu ram
SeiZleba gamoiwvios es gadaxveva. kerZod, es sakiTxi mniSvnelovania sulis miwier
samyaroSi Semosvlis faqtis asaxsnelad: aris Tu ara es avtomaturi ontologiuri
procesi, Tu sulis Semosvla materialur samyaroSi sulis codvaa (rogorc es aris
plotinosTan). Tu codvaa, maSin prokles sistemaSi auxsneli rCeba, saidan SeiWra
paripostasi~ anu statusidan gadaxveva iq, zematerialur samyaroSi.
13 am ideebis wyaro aris platonis `nadimi~ (Symposium 201d-212c), sadac sokrate msje­
lobs maradisobaSi sxvadasxva arsis sxvadasxvagvar monawileobaze (magaliTad,
sokrates TqmiT, ufro susti cxovelebic imitom icaven gaSmagebiT da TavdadebiT sa­
kuTar Svilebs gacilebiT Zlieri cxovelebisgan, rom Svilebi erTaderTia, visiTac
SeuZliaT imonawileon maradisobaSi).

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yvela gancdebiT, rac aucilebelia cxovelisTvis maradisobaSi misi

monawileobis saidumlos SesrulebisTvis, aris cxovelis specifi­
kuri srulyofilebis ganuyofeli nawili; amaze mniSvnelovani
cxovels ar SeuZlia araferi gaakeTos, da yvela misi sxva aqtivo­
ba erTgvari teleologiuri daZabulobis velSia da imarTeba am
funqciiT: dabados STamomavloba. rac Seexeba adamians, romlis
logikuri, moazrovne suli RmerTma gamohyo pirutyvuli sulisa­
gan swored azrovnebis TvisebiT, igi aris privilegirebuli arseba,
romelsac ara vikarialurad, aramed uSualod, Tavad SeuZlia mi­
iRos monawileoba maradisobaSi Tavisi sulis Sinagani logosis
meSveobiT; logosismieri azrovneba petriwisaTvis aris anagogi­
uri, zeaRmyvaneblobiTi procesi fizikuridan metafizikuramde; am
procesis saboloo dagvirgvinebaa RmerTis bunebis Wvreta. amdenad,
uSvilo adamiansac SeuZlia imonawileos maradisobaSi, Tan ara
vikarialurad, aramed piradad da uSualod. magram, Tu ada­miani
daiviwyebs Tavis specifikur srulyofas da miejaWveba seq­sualur
siamovnebebs, maSin es misTvis borotebad iqceva, radgan amiT adami­
ani gadauxvevvs sakuTar ontologiur daniSnulebas, anu, prokles
terminiT, iqneba `paripostasSi~. magram, dasZens petriwi maniqev­
luri dualizmis sapirispirod, seqsualuri siamovnebebi (`gemoni~)
ar warmoadgenen TavisTavad borotebas, aramed cxovelebis srul­
yofis ganuyofel nawils; igi mxolod imdenad xdeba boroteba,
ramdenadac adamiani masze maRla ar daayenebs Tavis specifikur
srulyofas _ Teoriul azrovnebas da metafizikur mogzaurobas
grZnobadi arsidan goniTsawvdom arsamde.
davubrundeT Teorias materiaze da am Teoriis petriwiseul
interpretacias. mas Semdeg, rac gadmoscems prokle-fsevdo-dio­
nisiur Teorias materiaze, petriwi gadadis bibliur teqstze da
ambobs: amas niSnavs Cemi pavles sityvebico: `romelman uwoda ar­
myofsa viTarca myofsa~. e.i. petriwi pavles `armyofs~ aigivebs plo­
tiniseul to; mh; o[n- materiasTan da Semdeg iazrebs am cnebas prokle-
fsevdo-dionises tradiciis mixedviT. rogorc vTqviT, petriwi,
SesaZloa, ara pirdapir prokles, aramed fsevdo dionises mihyveba;
petriwic plotinosis termin `to; mh; o[n~-s iazrebs rogorc materias,
magram iseve, rogorc fsevdo-dionise, materias ganmartavs prokles
TvalTaxedviT. originaluri petriwTan, SesaZloa, iyos is, rom igi
pavles ta; mh; o[nta-s plotinis to; mh; o[n-is semantikur velSi aqcevs da
iazrebs rogorc materias, Tumca ki pavles am gamoTqmis uSualo kon­
teqsti sxva ganmartebebis ufro met SesaZleblobas iZleva, vidre
petriwis Zalian specifikuri, metafizikuri ganmartebisa. kerZod,
am pasaJSi pavle laparakobs mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze da ambobs, rom

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 pavles pasaJis neoplatonuri ganmarteba ioane petriwTan

abraami mzad iyo, Seewira isaaki, vinaidan mas swamda, rom RmerTs
ZaluZs adamianTa mkvdreTiT aRdgineba. am konteqstSi pavles si­
tyvebi: `uwoda armyofsa viTarca myofsa~ unda migvaniSnebdes, rom
`armyofi~ aris gardacvlili adamiani, romelic RmerTisTvis coc­
xali da myofia (Sdr. mr. 12. 27) da romlis mkvdreTiT aRdginebac
mis xelmwifebaSia14. pavleseuli sxva gagebiT, `armyofi~, SesaZloa
aRniSnavdes warmarT xalxs, romlebic gaqristianebamde `ar iyvnen~
da axla ki `iqmnen~ rogorc xalxi15. patristikul literaturaSi
aris agreTve am pasaJis sxva ganmartebac, kerZod, rom pavle aq sau­
brobs Sesaqmeze, rom RmerTi qmnis samyaros arafrobisagan (creatio
ex nihilo)16. lela aleqsiZes dasaxelebul naSromSi moyvanili hyavs
pavles pasaJis origeneseuli ganmarteba, sadac aleqsandrieli Te­
ologi swored bolo ori gagebiT iazrebs mas [aleqsiZe, 2008:248].17
Cems mier mignebuli arc erTi wyaro ar iZleva am pasaJis petri­
wiseul ganmartebas da ar aigivebs pavles `armyofs~ materiasTan.
SesaZloa, petriwi pirveli da originaluria imaSi, rom igi pavle
mociqulis am pasaJs proklesa da fsevdo-dionises filosofiis
TvalsazrisiT iazrebs da tolobis niSani gahyavs pavlesa da ploti­
nosis terminologiebs Soris.
isev da isev, Cndeba sakiTxi, ramdenad iazrebs petriwi imas, rom
misi ganmarteba sakmaod subieqturi da araistoriulia (Tundac imi­
tom, rom plotinosi III saukunis moazrovnea da misi terminologia
istoriulad sruliad gansxvavebuli semantikisa unda iyos, vidre
pavles terminologia); an iqneb petriwisTvis mTavaria metafizi­
kur xedvaze gasvla; es aris misTvis WeSmaritebis kriteriumi da
ara istoriuli sizuste, radgan metafizikuri xedvebis wyaro, anu

14 Sdr. ioane oqropiris homilia lazares oTxdRian sikvdilze (In quatridianum Lazarum):
„da Sexede am paradoqss: ki ar Tqva `lazare, gacocxldi!~ aramed ra? – `lazare,
gamodi gareT~, raTa eswavlebina iq damswreTaTvis, rom Tavadaa is, vinc `uwodebs
armyofs, rogorc myofs~ (rom. 4:17), raTa eCvenebina iq damswreTaTvis, rom Tavadaa
cocxlebisa da mkvdrebis RmerTi~ (Migne, Patrologia Graeca 59).
15 Sdr. I kor, 1:28, sadac `armyofi~konteqstis mixedviT, SesaZloa, aRniSnavdes warmarT
xalxs, romelTac `xorciT~ anu warmomavlobiT araferi aqvT saamayo.
16 magaliTad, aTanase aleqsandrieli (Epistulae quattuor ad Serapionem, PG 26), ioane oqropiri
(In Joannem, PG 59) a.S. pavles am pasaJis ex nihilo-s TvalsazrisiT ioane oqropiriseuli
ganmartebis aseT Targmans gvTavazobs, magaliTad, efrem mcire: `romeli igi [e.i.
RmerTi] araarsisgan dahbadebs arsTa da cxovel hyofs mkudarTa~ [efrem mcire 44].
17 igive mkvlevari Semdeg dasZens: `petriwi Taviseburad alegoriul-ontologiurad
ganmartavs rom. 4, 16-17, iseve, rogorc amas origene akeTebs. magram ar var darwmune­
buli, esmoda Tu ara petriws pavles epistoles es sityvebi iseve, rogorc origenes,
anu, gamoxatavda Tu ara es sityvebi petriwis azriT araradan Seqmnas, ise rogorc
es origenes esmoda. SeiZleba petriwi am sityvebs ufro neoplatonurad udgeboda
da maTSi materiis erTze damokidebulebas xedavda. amas is, prokleze dayrdnobiT,
Tavis komentarSi araerTxel miuTiTebda” [aleqsiZe 2008: 248]. am statiaSi moyvanili
analizis safuZvelze, lela aleqsiZis zemoTdasmul SekiTxvas aseTi pasuxi SeiZleba
gaeces: petriwi ar gulisxmobs aq origenes msgavsad `arafrisgan Seqmnas”, aramed ma­
teriis erTze damokidebulebas, an ufro zustad, materiis erTisagan gamomavlobas,
rac iambliqos-prokleseuli (proklemde iambliqosma wamoayena materiis erTisagan
warmomavlobis doqtrina, Sdr. De mysteriis, 5. XXIII) – da ara plotinosiseuli – neo­
platonizmisa da misi qristianuli gadammuSaveblis, fsevdo-dionise areopagelis
tradiciidan momdinareobs.

kadmosi 1 , 2009 121

levan gigineiSvili

macxovnebeli, petriwisTvis TviT ieso qristea, amdenad bibliuri

pasaJis filosofiurad ganmarteba sruliad dasaSvebia da ukeTe­
sicaa, vidre sxvanairad ufro adekvaturi _ anu konteqstisa da is­
toriis gaTvaliswinebiT miRebuli _ magram profanuli ganmarteba.
TavisTavad, msgavsi pozicia, cxadia, saxifaTod SeiZleba mieCnia
eklesias, rogorc bizantiaSi, ise saqarTveloSi, vinaidan petriwi
ase aSkarad uerTebda bibliur-religiur diskurss filosofiur-
metafizikur diskurss da mTavar Rirebulebas xedavda metafizikur
TeoriebSi, romlebic misawvdomi iyo rogorc pavlesTvis, ise pla­
tonisa Tu proklesTvis. petriwi ar akonkretebs devnis detalebs,
mxo­lod zogadad ambobs, rom idevneboda Tavisi azrebisTvis ber­
Znebisganac da qarTvelebisganac. advili misaxvedria, rom devnis
mTavari mizezi neoplatonizmisa da qristianobis misi aseTi Tamami
siTezis mcdeloba iyo.
dabolos, SeiZleba davsZinoT, rom materiis statusis sakiTxi
scildeba sufTad filosofiis sakiTxs da Seexeba zogadad kul­
turas, xelovnebas da sociopolitikur sferos. magaliTad, Tu mi­
viRebT plotinosis Teorias materiaze, romelic, garkveuli azriT,
borotebis metafizikuri sawyisia, maSin negatiur-undoblobiTi
damokidebuleba SeiZleba gavrceldes saxviT xelovnebazec, romelic
am materiaze zemoqmedebis Sedegad iqmneba. msgavsadve, plotinosiseu­
li midgoma, Tu Tanmimdevrulni viqnebiT, migviyvans srul apaTiamde
sociopolitikur sferoSi: ra sasikeTo cvlilebaze an progresze
SeiZleba vilaparakoT, Tu materialur samyaroSi yvelaferi funda­
menturad borotebaze dgas, ramdenadac Tavad materiaa borotebis
wyaro, romelSic TviT transcendenturi erTis moqmedeba ver aRwevs?
sapirispirod, prokles (iseve, rogorc fsevdo-dionises da petri­
wis) Teoria materiaze imeds utovebs adamians, rom SesaZlebelia
borotebasTan dapirispireba sociopolitikur donezec, anu azri
aqvs brZolas umjobesi sociopolitikuri struqture­bisTvis, radgan
borotebis wyaro aris ara materia, ara­med Cveni, adamianebis aras­
wori, gadaxveuli (`paripostaturi~) damokidebu­leba samyarosTan
da erTmaneTTan. petriwisTvis swori teleologiuri damokideb­
ulebis aRdgena filosofiiT, gonebriv tkivilebSi axali xedvebis
dabadebiT aris SesaZlebeli. sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad imoqmeda gel­
aTeli filosofosis amgvarma damokidebulebam mis Tanamedrove da
Semdgom sociopolitikur realobaze saqarTveloSi, calke kvlevas
imsaxurebs.

122
 damowmebani

wyaroebi

aTanase aleqsandrieli: Epistulae quattor ad Serapionem.

efrem mcire: „samociqulos ganmarteba gamokrebuli iovane oq­ro­pirisa da
sxva wmida mamaTa Txzulebebidan~, II, gamomc. eqvTime koWlamaziSvili, Tb.,
2006, gv. 44.
iambliqosi: De mysteriis.
ioane oqropiri: In quatridianum Lazarum. In Joannem.
ioane petriwi: ganmartebaÁ proklesTÂs diadoxosisa da platonurisa filo­
sofosisTÂs. Sromebi tomi II. red. S. nucubiZe da s. yauxCiSvili. Tbilisi:
Tbilisis universiteti, 1937.
ioane sqiTopoleli: „Selected Translation of John of Scythopolis Scholia”, in: Paul Rorem
and John C. Lamoreaux. John of Scythopolis and the Dianysian Corpus. Annotating the Areop-
agite. Oxford University Press, 1998.
platoni: Timaeus. Symposium.
plotinosi: Enneades.
prokle: Elementatio Theologica; De Malorum Substistentia.
fsevdo-dionise areopageli: De divinis nominibus

literatura

aleqsiZe 2008: aleqsiZe, lela. ioane petriwi da antikuri filosofia. Tb.,

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, 2008.
loidi 1987: Lloyd A. C. “Parhypostasis in Proclus”, in: Proclus et son Influence. Actes du
Colloque de Neuchatel [juin 1985], ed. par G. Boss et G. Seel, avec une introduction de F.
Brunner. Zurich: Grand Midi, 1987, gv. 145-157.
o’meara 1998: O’Meara, Dominic. „Evil in Plotinus (Enn. I, 8)”, in: The Structure of Being and
the Search for the Good: Essays on Ancient and Early Medieval Platonism. Variorum Collected
Studies Series, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 1998.
stili 1998: Steel, Carlos. Proclus on the Existence of Evil. Proceedings of the Boston Area Col-
loquium in Ancient Philosophy. Vol. XIV, 1998, Brill: Leiden, gv. 96-97.

kadmosi 1 , 2009 123

 Neoplatonic Interpretation of Paul’s Passage in
Ioane Petritsi: Theory on Matter

Levan Gigineishvili

This article considers interrelationship between Neoplatonic philosophy/meta-

physics and Christian religion in thought of 13th century Georgian philosopher Io-
ane Petritsi, on an example of his interpretation of one passage from St. Paul’s Epistle
to Romans (Rom. 4. 17). This passage was only tangentially tackled in previous stu­
dies. The significance of this paper is to identify the nature of Petritsi’s attempt to
harmonize the two – Biblical and philosophical – traditions. Particularly, how does
Petritsi treat the Biblical text, which has origin quite different from that of philo-
sophical texts; does he have two different discourses and tries to find meeting points
between them, or does he have only one, metaphysical discourse and interprets the
Biblical texts from the metaphysical standpoint. This question is of interest, because
Petritsi’s philosophical or theological stance still represents a point of discord be-
tween scholars: for some he is a patently Orthodox thinker who uses philosophy
only for explication of Christian truth, for others he may seem to be a philosopher
who uses the Biblical texts only as homage to the official Church tradition without
sincerely believing in direct relation between the ideas of the Bible and those of the
Platonists. The article is to shed light on exactly those questions.
For this purpose I chose one passage from Petritsi’s commentaries on Proclus
where he interprets the abovementioned Pauline text. My idea was to view Petri­
tsi’s interpretation from the point of view of both Neoplatonic metaphysics and the
Church fathers and identify which of them he adheres to. Petritsi posits this passage
in the context of philosophy of Proclus and offers its metaphysical interpretation.
In the mentioned passage, Paul speaks about “non-being” or “non-existent” (“even
God, who giveth life to the dead, and calleth the things that are not, as though they
were” – American Standard Version), whereas Petritsi terminologically and semanti-
cally identifies Paul’s „non-being” with Plotinus’ „non-being” (to; mh; o[n), which in
the latter’s thought signifies matter. However, in the theory on matter Petritsi does
not follow Plotinus, who viewed matter as the final reach and total extinguishing of
the One’s emanation, and therefore as “evil”, but Proclus, in whose vision matter
proceeds directly from the transcendent One.
The problem of matter is connected with the problem of evil, because there was a
schism in Neoplatonic philosophy as to whether matter is a source of evil. Plotinus’
answer on this question was positive, whereas Proclus’ (and also of his Christian

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 Neoplatonic Interpretation Of Paul’s Passage...

‘student’ Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and generally of Orthodox Christian the-

ology) negative. As expected, Petritsi follows line of Proclus, and thus his theory is
in accord with Proclus, for whom the source of evil is “stepping away from one’s
proper status” (“parypostasis” - parupovstasi~).
Besides the Neoplatonists, the article adduces patristic interpretations of the dis-
cussed Pauline passage; none of the interpretations found by the author coincides
with that of Petritsi, however, Petritsi’s source can be Pseudo-Dionysius the Areop-
agite, whose ideas also are based on Proclus.
The result of the article is that Petritsi believes in truth of both – Proclian meta-
physics and the Bible; however, since he is more a philosopher in love with meta-
physical theories, it is only natural that he prefers to ‘extract’ only a metaphysical
meaning from a Biblical text, rather than consider its actual, historical context and
other, non-metaphysical significances. Petritsi’s position paves way to a tradition of
rationalism, similar to that process in Europe, that has ended with the Renaissance
movement.
In the end of the article briefly are expressed general views about 1) Petritsi’s, for
his time, revolutionary approach to the philosophical and Biblical traditions, which
obviously was a reason for him being persecuted; 2) cultural and social-political im-
plications that can follow from different metaphysical ideas on matter.

kadmosi 1 , 2009 125