魁

Translingual

Han character

魁 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈卜十 (HIYJ), four-corner 2421₀, composition ⿺鬼斗)

Derived characters

櫆, 𢷪, 𤁔, 𨣫, 𪇫, 𬞴, 𬬖, 𡦶

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1461, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45785
Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4429, character 13
Unihan data for U+9B41

Chinese

trad.		魁
simp. ^#		魁
alternative forms		𫿶𣁽𩲔𱆗𩲙𫿶𣁽𩲔𱆗𩲙𩳭𩲅𭔷𰁩𫣅櫆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
謉	tkuːlʔ, krul
瑰	kuːl, ɡuːl
傀	kuːl, kʰuːlʔ
藱	*kuːl
魁	*kʰuːl
磈	kʰuːlʔ, qulʔ
塊	kʰuːls, kʰruːds
嵬	ŋɡuːl, ŋɡuːlʔ
隗	*ŋɡuːlʔ
槐	ɡuːl, ɡruːl
瘣	*ɡuːlʔ
廆	*ɡuːlʔ
溾	ɡuːlʔ, qruːl
螝	ɡuːls, krul
褢	*ɡruːl
騩	krul, kruls, *kul
愧	*kruls
媿	*kruls
聭	*kruls
餽	*ɡruls
鬼	*kulʔ
魏	*ŋɡuls
巍	*ŋul
犩	ŋul, ŋuls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːl) : phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ) + semantic 斗 (“ladle”) – soup ladle.

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to 傀 (OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) "extraordinary" > "great"?”

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuí (kui²)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fui¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khùi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuí
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuéi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuei²
  - Yale: kwéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwei
  - Palladius: куй (kuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fui¹
  - Yale: fūi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fui¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khùi
  - Hakka Romanization System: kui^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kui²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
  - Tâi-lô: khue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰue⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: khwoj

Rime
Character	魁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦回切
Baxter	khwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwəj/
Li Rong	/kʰuᴀi/
Wang Li	/kʰuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤuj/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	魁	魁	魁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuí	kuí	kuí
Middle Chinese	‹ khwoj ›	‹ khwoj ›	‹ khwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁuj/	/*[kʰ]ˁuj/	/*[kʰ]ˁuj/
English	great; principal; chief	spoon	mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魁
Reading #	1/1
No.	4663
Phonetic component	鬼
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	恢
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːl/

Definitions

魁

first; leading; best
chief; leader; head
tall and big; imposing; stalwart
outstanding; prominent; exceptional
(literary) soup ladle; dipper; spoon
(literary, astronomy) Dubhe (the first star in the Big Dipper, farthest from the handle)
1. (literary, astronomy) the four stars comprising the bowl of the Big Dipper
(obsolete) mound; small hill
(obsolete) blood clam
a surname

Compounds

References

“魁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuài (kuai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄞˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuai⁴
  - Yale: kwài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
  - Palladius: куай (kuaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

魁

^† Alternative form of 塊／块 (kuài, “alone; solitary”)
- 志乎期費者，唯賈人也，人見其跂，猶之魁然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  志乎期费者，唯贾人也，人见其跂，犹之魁然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Zhì hū qī fèi zhě, wéi gǔrén yě, rén jiàn qí qí, yóu zhī kuài rán. [Pinyin]
  He whose will is set on extensive acquisition is but a trafficker; others see how he stands on tiptoe, while he thinks that he appears solidly solitary thus.
- 今世之處士，魁然無徒，廓然獨居。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今世之处士，魁然无徒，廓然独居。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Jīnshì zhī chùshì, kuài rán wú tú, kuò rán dújū. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

魁然 (kuàirán)

Pronunciation 3

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khe

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
  - Tâi-lô: khe
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qef
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/

Definitions

魁

(Hokkien) Used in 魁頭／魁头 (khe-thâu).

Japanese

Kanji

魁

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

One who charges ahead of others
leader, forerunner

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
Kun: かしら (kashira, 魁)、さきがけ (sakigake, 魁)

Korean

Hanja

魁 (eum 괴 (goe))

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Vietnamese

Han character

魁: Hán Nôm readings: khôi

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