Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.
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Flora
editLycophytes
editLycophyte research
edit- Wehr (1998) reports, without description, Selaginella species spikemoss fossils occurring in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation.[2]
Angiosperms
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Manchester & Chen |
A betulaceous fruit |
Fungi
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Currah, Stockey, & LePage |
A hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus of uncertain family affinity. |
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|
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Currah, Stockey, & LePage |
A parasitic phyllachoralean fungus of uncertain family affinity. |
Fungal research
edit- Currah, Stockey, & LePage (1998) describe the a phyllachoralean "tar spot" parasitizing Uhlia palm leaves, and host for a hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus. They note them to be one of the first occurrences of hyperparasitic relationships in the fossil record.[4]
Arthropods
editNewly named crustaceans
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen nov |
Valid |
Hof |
Late Cretaceous (Campanian) |
A mantis shrimp, type species is U. yehoachi (originally named as Eryon yehoachi in 1955). | ||||
|
Sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Jenner, Hof & Schram |
A mantis shrimp, moved to the genus Daidal (2007)[7] |
Newly named insects
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
| |||||
|
Comb nov. |
valid |
(Lin) Andersen |
A water strider |
|||||
|
Sp nov. |
valid |
Deuve |
A ground beetle |
| ||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
De Andrade |
| |||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A macroveliid water strider |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A riffle bug |
|||||
|
Sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
||||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Deuve |
A ground beetle |
| ||||
|
Sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
||||||
|
Gen et 3 sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A water strider |
|||||
|
Gen et sp nov. |
valid |
Andersen |
A limnobatodine water strider |
|||||
|
Comb nov. |
valid |
(Handlirsch) Andersen |
A water strider |
Brachiopods
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Iridistrophia |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
valid |
Herrera, Salas & Giolitti |
A species of Eoschuchertella |
Molluscs
editBivalves
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Geyer & Streng |
Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve |
Echinoderms
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaidia[14] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is A. sumralli. |
|||
| Altairia[14] |
Gen et comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is A. wintoni, originally named as Comptonia wintoni in 1920. |
|||
| Betelgeusia[14] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is B. reidi. |
|||
| Capellia[14] |
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is C. mauricei. |
|||
| Crateraster texensis[14] |
Comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, originally named as Pentagonaster texensis in 1920. |
|||
| Denebia[14] |
Gen et comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is D. americana, originally named as Pentaceros americanus in 1920. |
|||
| Fomalhautia[14] |
Gen et comb nov |
Valid |
Blake & Reid |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A starfish, type species is F. hortensae, originally named as Metopaster hortensae in 1920. |
Amphibians
editnewly named anurans
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Henrici |
A possible Rhinophrynidae frog |
Archosauromorpha
editDinosaurs
edit- A paper in the journal Nature is published by Karen Chin and others announcing the earlier discovery of a "king-sized coprolite" attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex.
- Lourinhasaurus gastroliths documented.[16]
- Cedarosaurus gastroliths documented.[17]
- Caudipteryx gastroliths documented.[18]
- Volunteers from the Denver Museum of Natural History discovered Tony's Bone Bed in the Cedar Mountain Formation's Poison Strip Member.[19]
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[20]
| Name | Status | Authors | Location | Notes | Images | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altirhinus[21] | Valid taxon |
| ||||
| ''Augustia'' |
Preoccupied |
|
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| Camposaurus[22] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Caseosaurus[22] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Caudipteryx[23] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Cristatusaurus[24] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Eobrontosaurus[25] | Valid taxon. Now Synonym of Brontosaurus | |||||
| Eolambia[26] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Gargoyleosaurus[27] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Gastonia[28] | Valid taxon | |||||
| Gongxianosaurus[29] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Histriasaurus[30] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Lourinhanosaurus[31] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Lourinhasaurus[32] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Megaraptor[33] | Valid taxon |
|
||||
| Nedcolbertia[34] | Valid taxon |
|
|
|||
| Notohypsilophodon[35] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Ozraptor[36] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Protohadros[37] | Valid taxon |
|
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| ''Rahona''[38] | Preoccupied |
|
|
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| Rahonavis[39] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Scipionyx[40] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Shanxia[41] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Shuvuuia[42] | Valid taxon |
|
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| Sonorasaurus[43] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Suchomimus | Valid taxon | An African spinosaurs | Sereno et al. 1998 | |||
| Tianzhenosaurus[44] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Variraptor[45] | Valid taxon |
|
|
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| Zuniceratops[46] | Valid taxon |
|
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Newly named birds
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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|
Sp. nov. |
Valid ? |
Late Pliocene |
MN 17 |
A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
Late Blancan |
|
A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
Late-Early Irvingtonian |
|
An Anhingidae. |
|||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
MN 2-3 |
A Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001,[51] this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pleistocene |
Cave Deposits |
An Accipitridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Miocene |
MN 11-12 |
An Accipitridae. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle-Late Pliocene |
An Anatidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
A Fringillidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
A Fringillidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Middle Miocene |
A Struthionidae, eggshells. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, |
An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Miocene |
A Gaviidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene, |
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|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
|
A Strigidae. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Piciformes, Gracilitarsidae G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Miocene |
A Miopiconidae G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera.[66] |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
ppMichael Daniels |
Middle Eocene |
A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
An Alcediniformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
||||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
|
A Scolopacidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Struthionidae, eggshells. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
A Phasianidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Pterosaurs
editNew taxa
edit
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References
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- ^ Akhmet'ev, M.A.; Golovneva, L.B. (1998). "New data on composition and age of Malomikhailovka flora from the Upper Cretaceous of the Amur River lower courses". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 6 (3): 249–261.
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