Pączki

Pączek
	Glazed pączki
Alternative names	kreple
Type	Doughnut
Place of origin	Poland
Region or state	Central Europe; North America;
Main ingredients	Yeast-based dough, grain alcohol, confiture or other sweet filling, powdered sugar, icing, glaze, or bits of dried orange zest
	Cookbook: Pączek; Media: Pączek;

Pączki (Polish: [ˈpɔnt͡ʂkʲi] ^ⓘ; sg.: pączek, Polish: [ˈpɔnt͡ʂɛk]; Kashubian: pùrcle; Old Polish and Silesian: kreple) are filled doughnuts found in Polish cuisine.

Description

A pączek is a deep-fried piece of dough shaped into a flattened ball and filled with confiture or other sweet filling. Pączki are usually covered with powdered sugar, icing, glaze, or bits of dried orange zest. A small amount of grain alcohol (traditionally rectified spirit) is added to the dough before cooking; as it evaporates, it prevents the absorption of oil deep into the dough.^[1] Pączki are commonly thought of as fluffy but somewhat collapsed, with a bright stripe around them; these features are seen as evidence that the dough was fried in fresh oil.^[2]^[3]

Although they look like German berliners (bismarcks in North America) or jelly doughnuts, pączki are made from especially rich dough containing eggs, fats, sugar, yeast, and sometimes milk. They feature a variety of fruit and creme fillings and can be glazed, or covered with granulated or powdered sugar. Powidła (stewed plum jam) and wild rose petal jam^[1]^[4] are traditional fillings, but many others are used as well, including strawberry, Bavarian cream, blueberry, custard, raspberry, and apple.^[5]

Pączki have been known in Poland at least since the Middle Ages. Jędrzej Kitowicz wrote that during the reign of Augustus III, under the influence of French cooks who came to Poland, pączki dough was improved so that pączki became lighter, spongier, and more resilient.^{[citation needed]}

Pączki displayed for sale
Traditional pączki serowe (curd-based pączki) or oponki
Home-made glazed pączki
American-made pączki

Etymology, spelling, and pronunciation

The Polish word pączek [ˈpɔnt͡ʂɛk] (plural: pączki [ˈpɔnt͡ʂkʲi]) is a diminutive of the Polish word pąk [ˈpɔŋk] "bud".^[6] The latter derives from Proto-Slavic *pǫkъ, which may have referred to anything that is round, bulging and about to burst (compare Proto-Slavic *pǫknǫti "to swell, burst"), possibly of ultimately onomatopoeic origin.^[7]^[8] From Polish the word has been borrowed into several other Slavic languages, where the respective loanwords (ponchik,^[a] ponchyk^[b] or ponichka^[c]) refer to a similar ball-shaped pastry.^[9]^[10]^[11]

English speakers typically use the plural form of the Polish word in both singular and plural. They pronounce it as /ˈpʊntʃki, ˈpʊnʃ-, ˈpʌntʃ-, ˈpɒntʃ-/^[d] and often write it as "paczki", i.e., without the ogonek (hook-shaped diacritic).^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] This should not be confused with the unrelated Polish word paczki [ˈpat͡ʂkʲi], which is the plural form of paczka [ˈpat͡ʂka], meaning "package" or "parcel".^[16]

Pączki Day

Fat Thursday versus Fat Tuesday

Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Fat Thursday
(Tłusty Czwartek)

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Monday

Fat Tuesday
(Pączki Day)

Ash Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Carnival	Lent

In Poland, pączki are eaten especially on Fat Thursday (Tłusty Czwartek), the last Thursday prior to Ash Wednesday and the beginning of Lent.^[17] The traditional reason for making pączki was to use up all the lard, sugar, eggs and fruit in the house, because their consumption was forbidden by Christian fasting practices during the season of Lent.^{[citation needed]}

In North America, particularly the large Polish communities of Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee, and other large cities across the Midwest and Northeast, Paczki Day is celebrated annually by immigrants and locals alike. The date of this observance merges with that of pre-Lenten traditions of other immigrants (e.g., Pancake Day, Mardi Gras) on Fat Tuesday. With its sizable Polish population, Chicago celebrates the festival on both Fat Thursday and Fat Tuesday.^[18] Pączki are also often eaten on Casimir Pulaski Day. In Buffalo, Toledo, Cleveland, Detroit, Grand Rapids, St. Louis, South Bend, Louisville, and Windsor, Pączki Day is celebrated on Fat Tuesday.^{[citation needed]}

The Pączki Day celebrations in some areas are even larger than many celebrations for St. Patrick's Day.^{[citation needed]} In Hamtramck, Michigan, an enclave of Detroit, there is an annual Pączki Day (Shrove Tuesday) Parade,^[5] which has gained a devoted following. Throughout the Metro Detroit area, it is so widespread that many bakeries attract lines of customers for pączki on Pączki Day.^[19] In suburban Cleveland, Eastern European bakery Rudy's Strudel hosts a large indoor and outdoor Paczki Day party in conjunction with neighboring record store, The Current Year. It is called "the Mardi Gras of the Midwest".^[20]

In some areas, Pączki Day is celebrated with pączki-eating contests.^{[citation needed]}

United States

These pastries have become popular in the United States as a result of Polish immigrants and marketing by the bakery industry. Sold in bakeries mainly on both Fat Tuesday and Fat Thursday throughout Detroit and Chicago, they are particularly popular in areas where there is a large concentration of Polish immigrants: Milwaukee, Northcentral and Southeastern Wisconsin, Chicago, Northern Illinois, Northwest Indiana, Metro Detroit, Greater Grand Rapids, Mid Michigan, Greater Buffalo, New York, Greater Rochester, New York, Toledo, Greater Cincinnati, Greater Cleveland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, Northern and Central New Jersey, Central Connecticut, and Western Massachusetts.

Explanatory notes

^ Russian: пончик.
^ Ukrainian: пончик, Belarusian: пончык.
^ Bulgarian: поничка.
^ Respelling: PUUNCH-kee, PUUNSH-, PUNCH-, PONCH-.

Citations

^ ^a ^b Strybel, Robert & Strybel, Maria (2005). Polish Heritage Cookery. Hippocrene. p. 270. ISBN 9780781811248.
^ Karolinas. "Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek? Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek?". Tipy.pl (in Polish). Grupa Interia.pl. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
^ Anna Hudyka (2009-02-18). Magda Głowala-Habel (ed.). "Tłusty Czwartek". Interia360.pl (in Polish). Grupa Interia.pl. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
^ "Pączki? Hard to say, culinary Lenten treat made by nuns". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Pazcki day- eat and celebrate". City of Hamtramck. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008.
^ Żmigrodzki, "pączek".
^ Bralczyk (2014), p. 127.
^ Derksen (2008), pp. 416–417.
^ Ushakov (1940), пончик.
^ Boldyrev (2003), p. 514.
^ Georgiev (1999), p. 517.
^ Dictionary.com, paczki.
^ American Heritage Dictionary, paczki.
^ Barber 2004, paczki.
^ Edge (2006), chapter 7.
^ Żmigrodzki, "paczka".
^ Barbara Ogrodowska (1996). Święta polskie: tradycja i obyczaj (in Polish). Alfa. p. 124. ISBN 9788370019488.
^ Lukach, Adam (23 February 2017). "Paczki day specials from 33 Chicago restaurants and bakeries". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 26 February 2017. Whether you celebrate Paczki day on Fat Thursday or Fat Tuesday, or both, area bakeries are ready with thousands of the filled treats.
^ "Fat Tuesday Can Be Paczki Pandemonium". Southfield, MI: WWJ-TV. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
^ "Rudy's Strudel announces 2022 Paczki Day details". Cleveland, OH: Cleveland.com. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

General and cited sources

"American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language". Retrieved 2018-02-02.
Bańkowski, Andrzej, ed. (2000). Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Polish etymological dictionary] (in Polish). Vol. 1. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Barber, Katherine, ed. (2004). The Canadian Oxford Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195418163.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-541816-3. Retrieved 2016-12-23.
Bizzarri, Amy, ed. (2016). Iconic Chicago Dishes, Drinks and Desserts. Charleston, SC: American Palata. ISBN 978-1-46713-551-1.
Boldyrev, R. V. (2003). Melnichuk, O. S. (ed.). Etimologichnyi slovnyk ukrayinskoi movi Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian). Vol. 4. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. ISBN 966-00-0590-3.
Bralczyk, Jerzy (2014). Jeść!!! [Let me eat!] (in Polish). BOSZ. ISBN 978-83-7576-218-1.
Czerniecki, Stanisław (1682). Compendium ferculorum, albo Zebranie potraw [A Collection of Dishes] (in Polish). Kraków: Drukarnia Jerzego i Mikołaja Schedlów.
"Dictionary.com Unabridged". Random House. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
Doroszewski, Witold, ed. (1969). "Słownik Języka Polskiego" [Polish Dictionary] (in Polish). Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Dumanowski, Jarosław; Jankowski, Rafał, eds. (2011). Moda bardzo dobra smażenia różnych konfektów [A Very Good Way of Frying Various Confections]. Monumenta Poloniae Culinaria (in Polish). Vol. 2. Warszawa: Muzeum Pałac w Wilanowie. ISBN 978-83-60959-18-3.
Dumanowski, Jarosław (2016). "Pączki z przeszłości, czyli tłusty czwartek historycznie" [Pączki of the past, or Fat Thursday in history]. naTemat.pl. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
Edge, John T., ed. (2006). Donuts: An American Passion. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 978-1-440-62864-1.
Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov (1999). Blgarski etimologichen rechnik Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian). Vol. 1. Marin Drinov. ISBN 978-95-4430-315-0.
Kitowicz, Jędrzej (1840). Opis obyczajów i zwyczajów za panowania Augusta III [Description of customs and habits under Augustus III] (in Polish). Poznań: Edward Raczyński.
Kuroń, Maciej (2004). Kuchnia polska: Kuchnia Rzeczypospolitej wielu narodów [Polish Cuisine: Cuisine of a Commonwealth of Many Nations] (in Polish). Czarna Owca. ISBN 83-89763-25-7.
Lemnis, Maria; Vitry, Henryk (1979). W staropolskiej kuchni i przy polskim stole [Old Polish Traditions in the Kitchen and at the Table] (in Polish). Warszawa: Interpress.
"Lista produktów tradycyjnych" [List of traditional products] (in Polish). Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
Łozińska, Maja; Łoziński, Jan (2013). Historia polskiego smaku: kuchnia, stół, obyczaje [History of the Polish Taste: Kitchen, Table, Customs] (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ISBN 978-83-7705-269-3.
Mish, Frederick C. (2004). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.).
Neilson, William Allan; Knott, Thomas A.; Carhart, Paul W. (1947) [1934]. Webster's New International Dictionary (2nd ed.).
Strybel, Robert; Strybel, Maria (2005) [1993]. Polish Heritage Cookery. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-1124-4.
Szymula, Elzbieta (2012). "Polish Diet". In Thaker, Aruna; Barton, Arlene (eds.). Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 277–295. ISBN 978-1-4051-7358-2.
Szymanderska, Hanna (2010). Kuchnia polska: Potrawy regionalne [Polish Cuisine: Regional Dishes] (in Polish). Warszawa: Świat Książki. ISBN 978-83-7799-631-7.
Ushakov, Dmitry Nikolayevich (1940). "Tolkovy slovar russkogo yazyka" Толковый словарь русского языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Akademik (in Russian). Moskva: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya.
Żmigrodzki, Piotr (ed.). "Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego" [The Great Polish Dictionary] (in Polish). Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN.

External links

Paczki Day PSA, an account of Detroit area Paczki Day traditions in 2008
Paczkis Video produced by Wisconsin Public Television

[9] Russian: пончик.

[10] Ukrainian: пончик, Belarusian: пончык.

[11] Bulgarian: поничка.

[15] Respelling: PUUNCH-kee, PUUNSH-, PUNCH-, PONCH-.

[strybel-1] Strybel, Robert & Strybel, Maria (2005). Polish Heritage Cookery. Hippocrene. p. 270. ISBN 9780781811248.

[2] Karolinas. "Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek? Skąd wziął się Tłusty Czwartek?". Tipy.pl (in Polish). Grupa Interia.pl. Retrieved 2016-02-03.

[3] Anna Hudyka (2009-02-18). Magda Głowala-Habel (ed.). "Tłusty Czwartek". Interia360.pl (in Polish). Grupa Interia.pl. Retrieved 2016-02-03.

[4] "Pączki? Hard to say, culinary Lenten treat made by nuns". Catholic News Service. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2009.

[hamtramck-5] "Pazcki day- eat and celebrate". City of Hamtramck. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008.

[FOOTNOTEŻmigrodzki[httpwsjppldo_drukuphpid_hasla12011_"pączek"]-6] Żmigrodzki, "pączek".

[FOOTNOTEBralczyk2014127-7] Bralczyk (2014), p. 127.

[FOOTNOTEDerksen2008416–417-8] Derksen (2008), pp. 416–417.

[FOOTNOTEUshakov1940[httpsdicacademicrudicnsfushakov958698_пончик]-12] Ushakov (1940), пончик.

[FOOTNOTEBoldyrev2003514-13] Boldyrev (2003), p. 514.

[FOOTNOTEGeorgiev1999517-14] Georgiev (1999), p. 517.

[FOOTNOTEDictionary.com[httpwwwdictionarycombrowsepaczki_paczki]-16] Dictionary.com, paczki.

[FOOTNOTEAmerican_Heritage_Dictionary[httpswwwthefreedictionarycompaczki_paczki]-17] American Heritage Dictionary, paczki.

[FOOTNOTEBarber2004[httpwwwoxfordreferencecomview101093acref97801954181630010001m_en_ca0050049result50041_paczki]-18] Barber 2004, paczki.

[FOOTNOTEEdge2006chapter_7-19] Edge (2006), chapter 7.

[FOOTNOTEŻmigrodzki[httpwsjppldo_drukuphpid_hasla15665_"paczka"]-20] Żmigrodzki, "paczka".

[Ogrodowska1996-21] Barbara Ogrodowska (1996). Święta polskie: tradycja i obyczaj (in Polish). Alfa. p. 124. ISBN 9788370019488.

[Chicago_Tribune_days-22] Lukach, Adam (23 February 2017). "Paczki day specials from 33 Chicago restaurants and bakeries". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 26 February 2017. Whether you celebrate Paczki day on Fat Thursday or Fat Tuesday, or both, area bakeries are ready with thousands of the filled treats.

[23] "Fat Tuesday Can Be Paczki Pandemonium". Southfield, MI: WWJ-TV. Retrieved 21 February 2012.

[24] "Rudy's Strudel announces 2022 Paczki Day details". Cleveland, OH: Cleveland.com. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

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