Comparative army enlisted ranks of Africa

Rank comparison chart of enlisted rank for armies/ land forces of African states.

Enlisted

Rank group	Senior NCOs										Junior NCOs			Enlisted
Algerian Land Forces^[1] v t e																No insignia
	مساعد أول Mosa'id awwal		مساعد Mosa'id			رقيب أول Raqib awwal	رقيب Raqib				عريف أول Earif 'awal		عريف Earif			جندي Jundiun
	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal			Djoundi
Angolan Army^[2] v t e																No insignia
Angolan Army^[2] v t e	Sargento-mor		Sargento-chefe	Sargento-ajudante		Primeiro-sargento	Segundo-sargento				Sub-sargento			Primeiro-cabo	Segundo-cabo	Soldado
Benin Army^[3] v t e
Benin Army^[3] v t e	Major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de 1^ère classe		Soldat de 2^ème classe
Botswana Ground Force^[4] v t e														No insignia
Botswana Ground Force^[4] v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Burkina Faso Ground Forces^[5]^[6] v t e
Burkina Faso Ground Forces^[5]^[6] v t e	Adjudant-chef major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef/ Maréchal-des-logis-chef	Sergent/ Maréchal-des-logis				Caporal-chef/ Brigadier-chef		Caporal/ Brigadier	Soldat de première classe		Soldat de deuxeme classe
Burundi Army^[7] v t e																No insignia
	Adjudant-major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant	Première sergent major		Première sergent	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de 1^ère classe		Soldat de 2^ème classe
	Ajida shefu	Ajida majoro	Ajida	Sereja majoro mu murwi wa mbere		Sereja mu murwi wa mbere	Sereja				Kaporari shefu		Kaporari	Umusoda wo mu murwi wa mbere		Umusoda wo mu murwi wa kabiri
Cameroon Ground Forces^[8]^[9]^[10] v t e
Cameroon Ground Forces^[8]^[9]^[10] v t e	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat première		Soldat
Cape Verdean National Guard^[11] v t e																	No insignia
Cape Verdean National Guard^[11] v t e	Sargento-mor		Sargento-chefe	Sargento-principal		Primeiro-sargento	Segundo-sargento	Sargento	Furriel	Instruendo curso de sargento	Cabo-principal	Cabo de Secção	Cabo-adjunto	Primeiro-cabo	Segundo-cabo	Instruendo curso de cabo	Soldado
Central African Ground Forces v t e																No insignia
Central African Ground Forces v t e	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant	Sergent-major		Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat première		Soldat
Chadian Ground Forces v t e																No insignia
Chadian Ground Forces v t e				Sergent major		Sergent-chef	Sergent						Caporal	Soldat première		Soldat
Comorian Army v t e
Comorian Army v t e	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de 1^ère classe		Soldat
Land Forces of the DR Congo v t e																No insignia
Land Forces of the DR Congo v t e	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant de première classe	Adjudant	Premier sergent major	Sergent major	Premier sergent	Sergent						Caporal	Soldat de première classe		Soldat de seconde classe	Recrue
Rank group	Senior NCOs										Junior NCOs			Enlisted
Congolese Ground Forces^[12] v t e																No insignia
Congolese Ground Forces^[12] v t e	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat 1^ère classe		Soldat 2^e classe
Djiboutian Army v t e
Djiboutian Army v t e	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat première		Soldat
Egyptian Army v t e
Egyptian Army v t e	مساعد أول Mosa'id awwal		مساعد Mosa'id	رقيب أول Raqib awwal		رقيب Raqib					عريف 'arif			جندي Jundi
Army of Equatorial Guinea v t e
Army of Equatorial Guinea v t e			Brigada	Sargento primero		Sarjento					Cabo primero		Cabo			Soldado
Eritrean Army v t e																No insignia
Eritrean Army v t e			Master Sergeant			Staff Sergeant	Sergeant				Corporal			Private first class		Private
Ethiopian Ground Forces^[13] v t e																No insignia
Ethiopian Ground Forces^[13] v t e			ሻለቃ ባሻ Shalek’a basha	ሻለቃ መጋቢ ባሻ Shalek’a megabī basha		ሻምበል ባሻ Shamibeli basha	መጋቢ ሀምሳ ዓለቃ Megabī hāmisa ‘alek’a				ሀምሳ ዓለቃ Hāmisa ‘alek’a		አስር ዓለቃ Āsiri ‘alek’a	ምክትል አስር ዓለቃ Mikitili āsiri ‘alek’a		መሠረታዊ ወታዯር Mešeretawī wetaderi
Gabonese Army^[14] v t e
Gabonese Army^[14] v t e	Adjudant-chef major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat première		Soldat
Gambian National Army v t e														No insignia
Gambian National Army v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Ghana Army v t e														No insignia
Ghana Army v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Guinea Ground Forces v t e
Guinea Ground Forces v t e	Major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de 1^ère classe		Soldat de 2^ème classe
Army of Guinea-Bissau v t e
Army of Guinea-Bissau v t e						Primeiro-sargento	Segundo-sargento				Terceiro-sargento			Primeiro-Soldado		Soldado
Ivory Coast Ground Forces^[15] v t e
Ivory Coast Ground Forces^[15] v t e	Adjudant-chef major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de première classe		Soldat de seconde classe
Kenya Army^[16] v t e														No insignia
Kenya Army^[16] v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Senior sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Lesotho Army^[17] v t e														No insignia
Lesotho Army^[17] v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Liberian Ground Forces^[18] v t e																No insignia
Liberian Ground Forces^[18] v t e	Command sergeant major		Master sergeant	Sergeant first class		Staff sergeant	Sergeant				Corporal		Private first class	Private		Private
Rank group	Senior NCOs										Junior NCOs			Enlisted
Libyan Ground Forces^[19] v t e																No insignia
Libyan Ground Forces^[19] v t e			Master Sergeant			Staff Sergeant	Sergeant				Corporal			Private 1st Class		Private
Madagascar Ground Forces^[20] v t e																No insignia
Madagascar Ground Forces^[20] v t e	Adjudant-major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant	Sergent-major		Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal			Soldat
Malawi Army v t e														No insignia
Malawi Army v t e	Warrant Officer Class 1		Warrant Officer Class 2	Staff Sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance Corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Malian Army^[21] v t e
Malian Army^[21] v t e	Major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de première classe		Soldat
Mauritanian National Army^[22] v t e
Mauritanian National Army^[22] v t e	مساعد أول Mosa'id awwal		مساعد Mosa'id			رقيب أول Raqib awwal	رقيب Raqib						عريف 'arif			جندي Jundiun
Mauritius	No army
Royal Moroccan Army^[23] v t e
Royal Moroccan Army^[23] v t e	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant	Sergent-major		Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de première classe		Soldat de deuxième classe
Mozambican Army v t e
Mozambican Army v t e				Intendente		Primeiro-sargento	Segundo-sargento				Terceiro-sargento		Cabo	Primeiro soldado
Namibian Army^[24] v t e														No insignia
Namibian Army^[24] v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Niger Army^[25] v t e
Niger Army^[25] v t e	Major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de 1^re classe		Soldat de 2^e classe
Nigerian Army^[26] v t e														No insignia
Nigerian Army^[26] v t e	Army warrant officer	Master warrant officer	Warrant officer	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Rwandan Land Forces^[27] v t e																No insignia
Rwandan Land Forces^[27] v t e	Warrant officer I		Warrant officer II	Sergeant major		Staff sergeant	Sergeant						Corporal			Private
Rank group	Senior NCOs										Junior NCOs			Enlisted
Army of São Tomé and Príncipe v t e
Army of São Tomé and Príncipe v t e	Sargento-mor		Sargento-chefe	Sargento-ajudante		Primeiro-sargento	Segundo-sargento	Furriel		Segundo-furriel	Cabo de Secção		Cabo-adjunto	Primeiro-cabo	Segundo-cabo	Soldado
Senegalese Army v t e																No insignia
Senegalese Army v t e	Adjudant-chef		Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de première classe		Soldat
Seychelles Infantry Unit^[28] v t e														No insignia
Seychelles Infantry Unit^[28] v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Sierra Leone Army v t e														No insignia
Sierra Leone Army v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Somali National Army^[29] v t e														No insignia
Somali National Army^[29] v t e	Musharax sarkaal	Sadex xarígle	Laba xarígle	Xarígle		Sadex alífle					Laba alífle		Alífle	Dable
Somaliland National Army v t e
Somaliland National Army v t e	Chief warrant officer Musharax sarkaal	Warrant officer class 1 Sadex xarígle	Warrant officer class 2 Laba xarígle	Warrant officer class 3 Xarígle		Sergeant Sadex alífle					Corporal Laba alífle		Lance corporal Alífle	Private (or equivalent) Dable
South African Army^[30] v t e														No insignia
South African Army^[30] v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Sudanese Army^[31] v t e														No insignia
Sudanese Army^[31] v t e			مساعد Mosa'id	رقيب أول Raqib awwal		رقيب Raqib					عريف 'arif		وكيل عريف Wakil 'arif	جندي Jundiun
Eswatini Army v t e														No insignia
Eswatini Army v t e	Warrant Officer Class 1		Warrant Officer Class 2	Staff Sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance Corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Tanzanian Army v t e														No insignia
Tanzanian Army v t e	Afisa mteule daraja la kwanza		Afisa mteule daraja la pili	Sajinitaji		Sajenti					Koplo		Koplo usu	Mtu ndege
Togolese Army^[32] v t e																No insignia
Togolese Army^[32] v t e	Major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de 1^ère classe		Soldat de 2^ème classe
Tunisian Army^[33]^[34] v t e
	وكيل أعلى Wakil 'aelaa	وكيل أول Wakil 'awal	وكيل Wakil			عريف أول Earif 'awal	عريف Earif				رقيب أول Raqib 'awal		رقيب Raqib	جندي أول Jundiun awwal		جندي متطوع Jundiun
	Major	Adjudant-chef	Adjudant			Sergent-chef	Sergent				Caporal-chef		Caporal	Soldat de 1^re classe		Soldat
Ugandan Land Forces^[35] v t e														No insignia
Ugandan Land Forces^[35] v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Zambian Army v t e														No insignia
Zambian Army v t e	Warrant officer class 1		Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Zimbabwe National Army v t e														No insignia
Zimbabwe National Army v t e	Regimental sergeant major	Warrant officer class 1	Warrant officer class 2	Staff sergeant		Sergeant					Corporal		Lance corporal	Private (or equivalent)
Rank group	Senior NCOs										Junior NCOs			Enlisted

References

^ "Ranks". mdn.dz. Ministry of National Defence (Algeria). Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ "Postos do Exército". faa.ao (in Portuguese). Angolan Army. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
^ "LOI N° 2005-43 DU 26 JUIN 2006" (PDF). ilo.org (in French). National Assembly (Benin). 26 June 2006. pp. 19–20, 35–36. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
^ "Ranks". Government of Botswana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
^ "LOI N° 037-2016/AN PORTANT CONDITIONS D'AVANCEMENT DES PERSONNELS D'ACTIVE DES FORCES ARMEES NATIONALES" (PDF) (in French). 2015. pp. 17–21. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
^ "LOI N° 019-2015/CNT PORTANT STATUT GENERAL DES PERSONNELS DES FORCES ARMEES NATIONALES" (PDF) (in French). 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
^ "Loi organique N°1/ 04 du 20 février 2017 portant Missions, Organisation, Composition, Instruction, Conditions de service et Fonctionnement de la Force de Défense Nationale du Burundi" (PDF). fdnb.bi/ (in French). Government of Burundi. p. 45. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
^ "Grades Et Appellations Sous-Officier Superieurs Armee De Terre". Ministère de la défense du Cameroun (in French). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
^ "Grades Et Appellations Sous-Officier Subalternes Armee De Terre". Ministère de la défense du Cameroun (in French). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
^ "Grades Et Appellations Militaires du Rang Armee De Terre". Ministère de la défense du Cameroun (in French). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
^ "Patente". fa.gov.cv (in Portuguese). Cape Verdean Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ "Grades appellations distinctions". defense.gouv.cg (in French). Ministry of National Defense (Republic of the Congo). Retrieved 7 June 2021.
^ "Ethiopia introduces its first Field Marshal rank amid changes to insignia". ethiopiancitizen.com. 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
^ "Nos Galons". Ministère de la Défense nationale. 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
^ "GRADES / APPELLATIONS / DISTINCTIONS". defense.gouv.ci (in French). Ministère de la Défense. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
^ "KDF Ranks". mod.go.ke. Ministry of Defence - Kenya. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
^ "Ranks in the Army". Lesotho Defence Force. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
^ "Defense Act of 2008" (PDF). 3 September 2008. p. 8. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
^ Tartter, Jean R. (1989). "National Security". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Libya: a country study. Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 270–271. LCCN 88600480. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
^ "LOI N° 96-029 portant Statut Général des Militaires" (PDF). defense.gov.mg (in French). Ministry of Defence (Madagascar). 15 November 1996. p. 2. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
^ "2011 - Plaquette sur les insignes et blasons des Forces Armées du Mali" (in French). 23 April 2011. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
^ "رتب الأفراد غير الضباط" [Ranks of Non-officers]. armee.mr/ (in Arabic). Armed Forces of Mauritania. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
^ Ehrenreich, Frederich (1985). "National Security". In Nelson, Harold D. (ed.). Morocco: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American University. pp. 350–351. LCCN 85600265. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
^ "Government Notice" (PDF). Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia. Vol. 4547. 20 August 2010. pp. 99–102. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
^ Bureau international des droits des enfants (December 2012). "État des Lieux: Formation des forces de défense et de sécurité sur les droit de l'enfant au Niger" (PDF) (in French). p. 34. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
^ Smaldone, Joseph P. (1992). "National Security". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Nigeria: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 296–297. LCCN 92009026. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
^ "RDF Insignia". mod.gov.rw. Government of the Republic of Rwanda. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
^ "Rank structure". spdf.sc. Seychelles People's Defence Forces. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
^ Ehrenreich, Frederick (1982). "National Security". In Nelson, Harold N. (ed.). Somalia: a country study (PDF). Area Handbook (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 257. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
^ "Uniform: Rank insignia". army.mil.za. Department of Defence (South Africa). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
^ "الرتب العسكرية" [Military ranks]. mod.gov.sd/ (in Arabic). Republic of Sudan Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
^ "Journal officiel de la république togolaise" (PDF) (in French). 12 February 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
^ "Décret n° 72-380 du 6 décembre 1972, portant Statut particulier des militaires". legislation-securite.tn (in French). Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. 6 December 1972. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
^ "أمر عدد 380 لسنة 1972 مؤرخ في 6 ديسمبر 1972 يتعلق بضبط النظام الأساسي الخاص بالعسكريين". legislation-securite.tn (in Arabic). Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. 6 December 1972. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
^ "Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces Act" (PDF). The Uganda Gazette. CXII (46). Uganda Printing and Publishing Corporation: 1851–1854. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

[Algeria-1] "Ranks". mdn.dz. Ministry of National Defence (Algeria). Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[Angola_Army-2] "Postos do Exército". faa.ao (in Portuguese). Angolan Army. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.

[Benin-3] "LOI N° 2005-43 DU 26 JUIN 2006" (PDF). ilo.org (in French). National Assembly (Benin). 26 June 2006. pp. 19–20, 35–36. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

[Botswana-4] "Ranks". Government of Botswana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.

[BurkinaFaso1-5] "LOI N° 037-2016/AN PORTANT CONDITIONS D'AVANCEMENT DES PERSONNELS D'ACTIVE DES FORCES ARMEES NATIONALES" (PDF) (in French). 2015. pp. 17–21. Retrieved 3 June 2021.

[BurkinaFaso2-6] "LOI N° 019-2015/CNT PORTANT STATUT GENERAL DES PERSONNELS DES FORCES ARMEES NATIONALES" (PDF) (in French). 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2021.

[Burundi-7] "Loi organique N°1/ 04 du 20 février 2017 portant Missions, Organisation, Composition, Instruction, Conditions de service et Fonctionnement de la Force de Défense Nationale du Burundi" (PDF). fdnb.bi/ (in French). Government of Burundi. p. 45. Retrieved 27 June 2021.

[8] "Grades Et Appellations Sous-Officier Superieurs Armee De Terre". Ministère de la défense du Cameroun (in French). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2024.

[9] "Grades Et Appellations Sous-Officier Subalternes Armee De Terre". Ministère de la défense du Cameroun (in French). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2024.

[10] "Grades Et Appellations Militaires du Rang Armee De Terre". Ministère de la défense du Cameroun (in French). 4 August 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2024.

[CapeVerde_Army-11] "Patente". fa.gov.cv (in Portuguese). Cape Verdean Armed Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[RepublicoftheCongo-12] "Grades appellations distinctions". defense.gouv.cg (in French). Ministry of National Defense (Republic of the Congo). Retrieved 7 June 2021.

[Ethiopia_Army-13] "Ethiopia introduces its first Field Marshal rank amid changes to insignia". ethiopiancitizen.com. 8 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.

[Gabon-14] "Nos Galons". Ministère de la Défense nationale. 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2024.

[IvoryCoast-15] "GRADES / APPELLATIONS / DISTINCTIONS". defense.gouv.ci (in French). Ministère de la Défense. Retrieved 23 September 2020.

[Kenya-16] "KDF Ranks". mod.go.ke. Ministry of Defence - Kenya. Retrieved 9 December 2022.

[Lesotho-17] "Ranks in the Army". Lesotho Defence Force. Retrieved 5 May 2021.

[Liberia-18] "Defense Act of 2008" (PDF). 3 September 2008. p. 8. Retrieved 20 November 2017.

[Libya-19] Tartter, Jean R. (1989). "National Security". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Libya: a country study. Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 270–271. LCCN 88600480. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[Madagascar-20] "LOI N° 96-029 portant Statut Général des Militaires" (PDF). defense.gov.mg (in French). Ministry of Defence (Madagascar). 15 November 1996. p. 2. Retrieved 10 July 2021.

[Mali-21] "2011 - Plaquette sur les insignes et blasons des Forces Armées du Mali" (in French). 23 April 2011. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.

[Mauritania_Other-22] "رتب الأفراد غير الضباط" [Ranks of Non-officers]. armee.mr/ (in Arabic). Armed Forces of Mauritania. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

[Morocco-23] Ehrenreich, Frederich (1985). "National Security". In Nelson, Harold D. (ed.). Morocco: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American University. pp. 350–351. LCCN 85600265. Retrieved 16 September 2023.

[Namibia-24] "Government Notice" (PDF). Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia. Vol. 4547. 20 August 2010. pp. 99–102. Retrieved 20 December 2021.

[Niger-25] Bureau international des droits des enfants (December 2012). "État des Lieux: Formation des forces de défense et de sécurité sur les droit de l'enfant au Niger" (PDF) (in French). p. 34. Retrieved 28 September 2020.

[Nigeria-26] Smaldone, Joseph P. (1992). "National Security". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Nigeria: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 296–297. LCCN 92009026. Retrieved 21 October 2021.

[Rwanda-27] "RDF Insignia". mod.gov.rw. Government of the Republic of Rwanda. Retrieved 12 June 2021.

[Seychelles-28] "Rank structure". spdf.sc. Seychelles People's Defence Forces. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

[Somalia-29] Ehrenreich, Frederick (1982). "National Security". In Nelson, Harold N. (ed.). Somalia: a country study (PDF). Area Handbook (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 257. Retrieved 21 October 2021.

[SouthAfrica_Army-30] "Uniform: Rank insignia". army.mil.za. Department of Defence (South Africa). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

[Sudan-31] "الرتب العسكرية" [Military ranks]. mod.gov.sd/ (in Arabic). Republic of Sudan Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2021.

[Togo-32] "Journal officiel de la république togolaise" (PDF) (in French). 12 February 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

[Tunisia-33] "Décret n° 72-380 du 6 décembre 1972, portant Statut particulier des militaires". legislation-securite.tn (in French). Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. 6 December 1972. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

[Tunisia_AR-34] "أمر عدد 380 لسنة 1972 مؤرخ في 6 ديسمبر 1972 يتعلق بضبط النظام الأساسي الخاص بالعسكريين". legislation-securite.tn (in Arabic). Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. 6 December 1972. Retrieved 6 April 2023.

[Uganda_Army-35] "Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces Act" (PDF). The Uganda Gazette. CXII (46). Uganda Printing and Publishing Corporation: 1851–1854. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2021.

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See also

References