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Peter Straub

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the novelist. For the German statesman, see Peter Straub (politician). For the founder of the Straub Brewery, see Peter P. Straub.

Peter Straub
Straub in 2009
Straub in 2009
BornPeter Francis Straub
(1943-03-02)March 2, 1943
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
DiedSeptember 4, 2022(2022-09-04) (aged 79)
New York City, New York, U.S.
OccupationNovelist, poet
Education
GenreHorror
Notable worksJulia (1975), Ghost Story (1979), The Talisman (1984)
Notable awardsBram Stoker Award, World Fantasy Award, and International Horror Guild Award
Spouse
Susan Bitker
​
(m. 1966)​
Children2, including Emma Straub
Website
www.peterstraub.net

Peter Francis Straub (/straʊb/; March 2, 1943 – September 4, 2022)[1] was an American novelist and poet. He had success with several horror and supernatural fiction novels, among them Julia (1975), Ghost Story (1979) and The Talisman (1984), the latter co-written with Stephen King. He explored the mystery genre with the Blue Rose trilogy, consisting of Koko (1988), Mystery (1990) and The Throat (1993). He fused the supernatural with crime fiction in Lost Boy, Lost Girl (2003) and the related In the Night Room (2004). For the Library of America, he edited the volume H. P. Lovecraft: Tales and the anthology American Fantastic Tales. Straub received such literary honors as the Bram Stoker Award, World Fantasy Award, and International Horror Guild Award.

According to his New York Times obituary, Straub "brought a poet's sensibility to stories about ghosts, demons and other things that go bump in the night."[2]

Early life and education

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Straub was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of Gordon Anthony Straub and Elvena (Nilsestuen) Straub.[3][4] At the age of seven, Straub was struck by a car, sustaining serious injuries. He was hospitalized for several months and used a wheelchair until he had re-learned how to walk. Straub has said that the accident made him prematurely aware of his own mortality.[5]

Straub read voraciously from an early age, but his literary interests did not please his parents; his father hoped that he would grow up to be a professional athlete, while his mother wanted him to be a Lutheran minister.[6] He attended Milwaukee Country Day School on a scholarship, and, during his time there, began writing.[6] In high school, he "discovered Thomas Wolfe and Jack Kerouac, patron saints of wounded and self-conscious adolescence and also, blessedly, jazz music, which spoke in utterance of beyond any constraint: passion and liberation in the form of speech on the far side of the verbal border."[7]

Straub attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he discovered "the various joys of Henry James, William Carlos Williams, and the Texas blues-rocker Steve Miller, a great & joyous character who lived across the street."[8] He earned an honors BA in English in 1965 and an MA at Columbia University a year later. He briefly taught English at Milwaukee Country Day, where he "enjoyed a minor but temporary success as Mr. Chips-cum-jalapenos, largely due to the absolute freedom given him by the administration and his affection for his students, who faithfully followed him as he struck matches and led them into caves named Lawrence, Forster, Brontë, Thackeray, etc., etc. On his off-hours, he fell in love with poetry, especially John Ashbery’s poetry, and wrote imitations of same. Three years later, fearing to turn into a spiritless & chalk-stained drudge, he went to Dublin, Ireland, to work on a Ph.D., secretly (a secret even to him) to start writing seriously."[8]

Career

[edit]

After mixed success with two attempts at literary mainstream novels in the mid-1970s (Marriages and Under Venus), Straub dabbled in the supernatural for the first time with Julia (1975).[9] He recalls that "The reason I chose to write scary books was because, at the time, there were three horror novels that had been enormously successful: The Exorcist, Rosemary's Baby and The Other. But there were only three of them, so it looked to me as though there was plenty of room for newcomers. And if I wrote in the horror genre, I knew I could do anything. I could experiment."[10] He followed Julia with If You Could See Me Now (1977),[11] and came to widespread public attention with his fifth novel, Ghost Story (1979),[12] which was a critical success and was later loosely adapted into a 1981 film starring Fred Astaire.[13][14] In 1980, he published the fantasy Shadowland.[15] After returning to America, he wrote Floating Dragon, which won the August Derleth Award.[16] He said "I knew that this book would be an at least temporary farewell to the supernatural material that had been my daily fare."[17] He coauthored the horror-fantasy The Talisman with his longtime friend Stephen King.[18]

Straub at the 2010 Brooklyn Book Festival for a panel on how far a writer can go between reality and fantasy.

After a fallow period, Straub re-emerged in 1988 with Koko, a non-supernatural (though horrific) novel about the Vietnam war.[19] Koko was followed by Mystery (1990) and The Throat (1993). The three novels comprise the "Blue Rose Trilogy", which extended Straub's experiments with metafiction and unreliable narrators.[20][21]

In 1990, Straub published Houses Without Doors, a collection of short fiction including the shorter version of the novella Mrs. God. In 1996, he published the mainstream thriller The Hellfire Club.[22] In 1999, Straub published Mr. X, a novel with a doppelgänger theme. The novel pays homage to H. P. Lovecraft, as the eponymous character writes in a similar style.[23][24] In 2001, Straub and King rejoined forces for Black House, a loose sequel to The Talisman which tied that book in with King's The Dark Tower series. 2003 saw the publication of Lost Boy, Lost Girl, followed a year later by the related In the Night Room. Both won the Bram Stoker Award.[25]

In 2005, Straub edited the Library of America volume H. P. Lovecraft: Tales.[26] In 2009, Straub edited the Library of America anthology American Fantastic Tales.[27]

Straub published several books of poetry.[28] My Life in Pictures appeared in 1971 as part of a series of six poetry pamphlets Straub published with his friend Thomas Tessier under the Seafront Press imprint while living in Dublin.[28][29] In 1972 the more substantial chapbook Ishmael was published by Turret Books in London.[28][30] Straub's third book of poetry, Open Air, appeared later that same year from Irish University Press.[28][31] The collection Leeson Park and Belsize Square: Poems 1970 – 1975 was published by Underwood-Miller in October 1983. It reprinted much of Ishmael along with previously uncollected poems, but none of the poems from Open Air.[28][32] He also sat on the contributing editorial board of the literary journal Conjunctions, and he guest-edited Conjunctions #39, an issue on New Wave Fabulism.[33]

Straub (right) with Rob Hood in 2007

In 2007, Straub's personal papers were acquired by the Fales Library at New York University.[34]

Straub's final novel, A Dark Matter, was released in February 2010.[35]

In 2013, Straub appeared on the Code Street podcast with fantasist John Crowley.[36]

In 2016, co-author Stephen King said that he and Straub had plans to write a third Talisman book in the future. King says that the collaboration for the series was "natural," and that the two were excited to work together. In a 2021 appearance on the Dead Headspace podcast, Straub said that due to his health, it was unlikely that he would co-write a third Talisman with King.[37]

Reception and influence

[edit]

A critical essay on Straub's horror work can be found in S. T. Joshi's book The Modern Weird Tale (2001).[38] At the Foot of the Story Tree by Bill Sheehan discusses Straub's work before 2000.[39][40] John C. Tibbetts wrote a book-length study, The Gothic Worlds of Peter Straub.[41]

In Andrew Shaffer's Secret Santa, a character refers to Stephen King, Anne Rice and Straub as "the unholy trinity" of horror.[42]

Of Straub's contribution to horror King says, "he brought a poet's sensibility to the field, creating a synthesis of horror and beauty" and "he writes a beautiful prose line that features narrative clarity, sterling characterization, and surprising bursts of humor."[43] King told The New York Times that "He was not only a literary writer with a poetic sensibility, but he was readable. And that was a fantastic thing. He was a modern writer who was the equal of, say, Philip Roth, though he wrote about fantastic things." King added that "he was a better and more literary author than I was."[2]

Neil Gaiman paid homage to Straub, writing “One of the best writers I’ve read, one of the best friends I’ve known. Always kind, funny, irascible, brilliant."[44]

Songwriter Nick Cave alludes to Straub's work in "The Curse of Millhaven" and "Do You Love Me (Part 2)".[45] Straub said "Naturally, this pleased me enormously. It is a great honor to have your work alluded to in that way by another artist. I love the whole idea. Nick Cave is a talented, compelling performer and I could see that some of my work would fall very neatly within the territory that interests him. Eventually we wound up e-mailing each other, and he sent me a very nicely signed copy of one of his CDs. It would be nice to meet him one day."[46]

Personal life and death

[edit]

In 1966, Straub married Susan Bitker.[47][48] They had two children, Benjamin, and Emma Straub, who is also a novelist. The family lived in Dublin from 1969 to 1972, in London from 1972 to 1979, and in the New York City area from 1979 onwards.[49]

When asked who his favorite writer was, Straub replied "I guess I have to say Henry James. At least that’s what I’d say today. On other days, I might choose Raymond Chandler, or Charles Dickens, or Wilkie Collins, or on other, other days, a real long shot, like Donald Harington. In some ways, John Ashbery will always be my favorite writer."[46]

Straub was a jazz aficionado, and saxophonist Lester Young features in his novella Pork Pie Hat. Per WBGO, "He discovered jazz as a boy growing up in Milwaukee in the late 1950s. He gravitated toward Dave Brubeck & Paul Desmond, Clifford Brown, Bill Evans and Miles Davis."[50] In addition to jazz, he was "intensely interested in opera and other forms of classical music."[51][52]

Straub died on September 4, 2022, aged 79, from complications of a broken hip.[49][18] At the time of his death, he and his wife lived in Brooklyn.[49]

Bibliography

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Novels

[edit]

Short story collections

[edit]

Novellas

[edit]
  • 1982: The General's Wife[82]
  • 1990: Mrs. God (collected in "Houses Without Doors")[74]
  • 1993: The Ghost Village (collected in Magic Terror) (winner of World Fantasy Award) (1993)[83][75]
  • 1993 Bunny is Good Bread (collected in "Magic Terror")[75]
  • 1997 Mr. Clubb and Mr. Cuff (collected in "Magic Terror")[75]
  • 1999 Pork Pie Hat (collected in "Magic Terror")[75]
  • 2010: A Special Place – The Heart of a Dark Matter (outtake from "A Dark Matter")[84]
  • 2011: The Ballad of Ballard and Sandrine[85]
  • 1990/2012: The Buffalo Hunter: A Novella (originally collected in "Houses Without Doors" in 1990)[86][74]
  • 2015: Perdido[87]
  • 2017: The Process (is a Process All its Own)[88]

Poems

[edit]

Non-fiction

[edit]
  • 2006: Sides (collection of non-fiction essays)[91]

Anthologies (as editor)

[edit]

Omnibus editions

[edit]
  • 1984: Wild Animals (collects the novels Julia, If You Could See Me Now, and Under Venus)[95][96]

Limited editions

[edit]
  • 2010: The Skylark (an earlier, longer draft of A Dark Matter)[97][95]

Further reading

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Adaptations

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Peter Straub (1943–2022)". Locus Online. September 6, 2022. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  2. ^ a b Risen, Clay (September 6, 2022). "Peter Straub, Literary Master of the Supernatural, Dies at 79". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Roberts, James P. Famous Wisconsin Authors, Badger Books Inc., 2002, pp. 167–173. ISBN 1-878569-85-6.
  4. ^ Colby, Vineta; Wilson, H. W. (1995). World Authors, 1985–1990. H.W. Wilson. ISBN 9780824208752.
  5. ^ Morgan, John. "Stephen King scares up support for fallen friend" Archived April 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, Health section, published February 1, 2002. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
  6. ^ a b Roberts, p. 168.
  7. ^ "Biography". Peter Straub.
  8. ^ a b Straub.
  9. ^ a b danielwalterc (January 5, 2018). "A Review of Julia – by Peter Straub". The Books of Daniel. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  10. ^ "What is it Like... To Co-write a Bestselling Novel with Stephen King?".
  11. ^ a b "If You Could See Me Now". www.goodreads.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  12. ^ a b Straub, Peter (1980). Ghost Story. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-68563-8.
  13. ^ a b "Overlooked & Underseen: Ghost Story (1981)". Talk Film Society. February 27, 2017. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  14. ^ a b Sprague, Mike (December 18, 2020). "Horror History: GHOST STORY Was Released in 1981". Dread Central. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  15. ^ "SHADOWLAND - Peter Straub". peterstraub.net. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  16. ^ "sfadb: British Fantasy Awards 1984". www.sfadb.com. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  17. ^ "FLOATING DRAGON - Peter Straub". peterstraub.net. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  18. ^ a b VanDenburgh, Barbara (September 6, 2022). "'Talisman' author Peter Straub dies at 79: 'The smartest and most fun person'". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Koko by Peter Straub". www.publishersweekly.com. September 1, 1988. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  20. ^ "Blue Rose Trilogy". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  21. ^ Driscoll, Audrey (February 27, 2022). "Compellingly Re-readable: Peter Straub's "Blue Rose" Books". Audrey Driscoll's Blog. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  22. ^ "The Hellfire Club by Peter Straub". www.publishersweekly.com. January 1, 1996. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  23. ^ "Mr. X by Peter Straub". www.publishersweekly.com. June 28, 1999. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  24. ^ "Onyx reviews – Mr. X by Peter Straub". www.bevvincent.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  25. ^ a b c "2004 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  26. ^ "H. P. Lovecraft: Tales | Library of America". loa.org. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  27. ^ "American Fantastic Tales: Terror and Uncanny From Poe to the Pulps". Publishers Weekly.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Poetry | Peter Straub". peterstraub.net. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  29. ^ a b "Peter Straub". Wisconsin Literary Map. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  30. ^ a b Straub, Peter (1972). Ishmael. Turret. ISBN 978-0-85469-037-4.
  31. ^ a b Straub, Peter (1972). Open Air. Irish University Press. ISBN 978-0-7165-2176-1.
  32. ^ a b Straub, Peter (1983). Leeson Park and Belsize Square: Poems 1970–1975. Underwood-Miller. ISBN 978-0-934438-91-9.
  33. ^ Conjunctions:39 – The New Wave Fabulists. Fall 2002, edited by Bradford Morrow and Peter Straub.
  34. ^ Communications, NYU Web. "NYU's Fales Collection Acquires Novelist Peter Straub's Papers". www.nyu.edu. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  35. ^ Barton, Steve (January 28, 2010). "Contest and Trailer for Peter Straub's A Dark Matter". Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  36. ^ "Episode 150: Live with John Crowley and Peter Straub! | Notes from Coode Street". July 13, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  37. ^ "Dead Headspace: Ep. 105 – Peter Straub". July 25, 2021. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  38. ^ The Modern Weird Tale : A Critique of Horror Fiction by S. T. Joshi. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  39. ^ "Peter Straub and transcendental horror. – Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  40. ^ "At the Foot of the Story Tree: An Inquiry Into the Fict…". Goodreads. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  41. ^ "New book examines America's greatest ghost-story writer". The University of Kansas. October 26, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  42. ^ "Where to Start with Peter Straub". The New York Public Library. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  43. ^ Tibbetts, John C. The Gothic Worlds of Peter Straub, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers., 2016, pp. 167, 197. ISBN 978-1-4766-6492-7
  44. ^ Horton, Adrian (September 6, 2022). "Peter Straub, celebrated horror author, dies aged 79". The Guardian.
  45. ^ "The Straub Connection". www.bad-seed.org. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  46. ^ a b Straub, Peter. "FAQ".
  47. ^ "Peter Straub, celebrated horror author, dies aged 79". The Guardian. September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  48. ^ "Peter Straub, celebrated writer of dark tales and horror, dies at 79". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  49. ^ a b c Risen, Clay (September 6, 2022). "Peter Straub, Literary Master of the Supernatural, Dies at 79". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  50. ^ "For author Peter Straub, listening to jazz was like reading fiction". WBGO. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  51. ^ "Biography". Peter Straub.
  52. ^ "Peter Straub Recommends". Peter Straub.
  53. ^ Straub, Peter (1973). Marriages. André Deutsch. ISBN 978-0-233-96384-6.
  54. ^ "Marriages". Goodreads. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  55. ^ "Publication: Under Venus". www.isfdb.org. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  56. ^ "Under Venus". Goodreads. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  57. ^ "Julia". Goodreads. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  58. ^ "Ghost Story". Goodreads. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  59. ^ "1981 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  60. ^ "1984 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  61. ^ "1985 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  62. ^ "1989 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  63. ^ "Book Review : Peter Straub – Mystery (1990)". Dead End Follies. March 17, 2017. Archived from the original on February 23, 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  64. ^ Straub, Peter (1990). Mystery. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-451-16869-6.
  65. ^ "Mystery (Blue Rose Trilogy #2)". Goodreads. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  66. ^ "1993 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on November 23, 2007. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  67. ^ "1994 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on October 1, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  68. ^ "1996 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  69. ^ "1997 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  70. ^ "1999 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on August 4, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  71. ^ a b "2001 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  72. ^ "2003 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  73. ^ "2010 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  74. ^ a b c "Stories, Listed by Author". www.locusmag.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
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  77. ^ "2007 Bram Stoker Award Winners & Nominees – The Bram Stoker Awards". Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  78. ^ "Subterranean Press Juniper Tree and Other Blue Rose Stories". subterraneanpress.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
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  80. ^ "Interior Darkness by Peter Straub: 9781101971222 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  81. ^ INTERIOR DARKNESS | Kirkus Reviews.
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  83. ^ World Fantasy Convention (2010). "Award Winners and Nominees". Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
  84. ^ "A Special Place: The Heart of a Dark Matter by Peter Straub". www.publishersweekly.com. May 10, 2010. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  85. ^ "The Ballad of Ballard and Sandrine by Peter Straub". www.publishersweekly.com. October 3, 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  86. ^ "The Buffalo Hunter". Cemetery Dance Publications. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  87. ^ "Perdido". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  88. ^ "The Process by Peter Straub". www.fantasticfiction.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  89. ^ "SFE: Straub, Peter". sf-encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  90. ^ "Ishmael". www.goodreads.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  91. ^ "Sides by Peter Straub". www.publishersweekly.com. June 4, 2007. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  92. ^ "Poe's Children by Peter Straub: 9780307386403 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  93. ^ "American Fantastic Tales: Terror and the Uncanny from Poe to the Pulps | Library of America". www.loa.org. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  94. ^ "American Fantastic Tales: Terror and the Uncanny from the 1940s to Now | Library of America". www.loa.org. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  95. ^ a b "Peter Straub". Wisconsin Literary Map. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  96. ^ "Wild Animals – Peter Straub". peterstraub.net. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  97. ^ VanderMeer, Jeff (February 11, 2010). "A Dark Matter/Skylark Review at B&N Review". Jeff VanderMeer. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  98. ^ The gothic worlds of Peter Straub | WorldCat.org. 2016. OCLC 958084342. Retrieved September 7, 2022 – via www.worldcat.org.
  99. ^ "Hauntings". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  100. ^ Collings, Michael R.; Straub, Peter (February 2000). Hauntings: The Official Peter Straub Bibliography. Overlook Connection Press. ISBN 978-1-892950-16-1.
  101. ^ Reyes, Xavier Aldana; Benshoff, Harry M.; Buckley, Chloe Germaine; Corstorphine, Kevin; Edwards, Alicia; Fennell, Jack; Greenaway, Jonathan; Haefele-Thomas, Ardel; Liggins, Emma; Murray, Paul; Nally, Claire V.; Ní Fhlainn, Sorcha; Rødtjer, Rocío; Sivyer, Caleb (November 2018). "Reviews". Gothic Studies. 20 (1–2): 382–413. doi:10.7227/GS.0056. ISSN 1362-7937. S2CID 239786971.
  102. ^ "Full Circle (1977)". Moria. September 14, 2002. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  103. ^ 13 O'Clock (May 8, 2021), Flickers Of Fear – Jenny's Horror Movie Reviews: The Haunting of Julia (aka Full Circle) (1977), retrieved September 7, 2022{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  104. ^ Powell, Sally (March 26, 2020). "Horror Movie Review: Ghost Story (1981)". Games, Brrraaains & A Head-Banging Life. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  105. ^ "The Talisman (Short 2008) – IMDb". IMDb. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  106. ^ "The Talisman (TV Series) – IMDb". IMDb. Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
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