Boris Slutsky
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Boris Slutsky | |
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| Native name | Бори́с Слу́цкий |
| Born | 7 May 1919 Sloviansk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | February 23, 1986 (aged 66) Tula, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
| Occupation |
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| Language | Russian |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Education |
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| Period | 20th century |
| Notable works | Memory The Poets of Israel |
| Relatives | Meir Amit (cousin) |
Boris Abramovich Slutsky (Russian: Бори́с Абра́мович Слу́цкий; 7 May 1919 – 23 February 1986) was a Soviet poet, translator, Great Patriotic War veteran, major, and member of the Soviet Union of Writers (1957).
Biography
[edit]Slutsky was born in Sloviansk, Ukrainian SSR in 1919 into a Jewish family.[1] His father, Abram Naumovich Slutsky, was a junior official; his mother, Aleskandra Abramovna, was a music teacher. The father's family originated from Starodub, Principality of Chernigov. Boris Slutsky had a younger brother Efim (Haim, 1922-1995) and a sister Maria. His cousin Meir Slutsky (Amit) was an Israeli Military Intelligence director in 1962-1963, and a Mossad director in 1963-1968.
Boris Slutsky grew up in Kharkov. He first attended a lito (literary studio) at the Kharkov Pioneers Palace but left due to pressure from his father, who dismissed Russian poetry as a career.[2] In 1937, he entered the Law Institute of Moscow,[1] and also studied at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute from 1939 till 1941. He joined a group of young poets including M. Kulchitzki, Pavel Kogan, S. Narovchatov, David Samoilov and others who became acquainted in autumn 1939 at the seminary of Ilya Selvinsky at the State Literary Publishing House, Goslitizdat and called themselves "the Generation of 1940". Slutsky, however, was not exposed to the Shoah poems Selvinsky and his peers were known for until the Khrushchev's Thaw of the late 1950s.[3] This is attributed to way Shoah poets in the 1940s deferred publishing their works until safer times. Slutsky would become the only Russian poet who made the Holocaust a central focus of his writing.[4]
Between 1941–1945 he served in the Red Army as a politruk of an infantry platoon. His war experiences are reflected much in his poetry. After the war, he had the rank of major. By 1946, he was living off a small disability pension and started working for a radio station, then as an editor, and translator.[5]
In 1956 Ilya Ehrenburg created a sensation with an article quoting a number of hitherto unpublished poems by Slutsky, and in 1957 Slutsky's first book of poetry, Memory, containing many poems written much earlier, was published. Together with David Samoylov, Slutsky was probably the most important representative of the War generation of Russian poets and, because of the nature of his verse, a crucial figure in the post-Stalin literary revival. His poetry is deliberately coarse and jagged, prosaic and conversational. There is a dry, polemic quality about it that reflects perhaps the poet's early training as a lawyer. Slutsky's search was evidently for a language stripped of poeticisms and ornamentation; he represented the opposite tendency to that of such neo-romantic or neo-futuristic poets as Andrey Voznesensky.
As early as 1953–1954, prior to the 20th Congress of CPSU, verses condemning the Stalinist regime were attributed to Slutsky. These were circulated in "Samizdat" in the 1950s and in 1961 were published in an anthology in the West (in Munich). He did not confirm nor deny their authorship.
In his works Slutsky also approached Jewish themes, including material from the Jewish tradition, about antisemitism (including in Soviet society), the Holocaust, etc.
He translated to Russian from the Yiddish poetry, e.g., from works of Leib Kvitko, Aron Vergelis, Shmuel Galkin, Asher Shvartsman, and Yakov Sternberg.
He edited The Poets of Israel, a landmark publication considered the first anthology of Israeli poetry. It was published in 1963.
One of his cousins was the Israeli general Meir Amit.
Slutsky died 23 February 1986 in Tula, Russia.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Shrayer, Maxim D. (2007). An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: Two Centuries of Dual Identity in Prose and Poetry, Volumes 1-2. Oxon: Routledge. p. 609. ISBN 978-0-7656-0521-4.
- ^ Shrayer, Maxim D. (2019). Voices of Jewish-Russian Literature: An Anthology. Academic Studies PRess. ISBN 978-1-64469-152-6.
- ^ Khiterer, Victoria; Barrick, Ryan; Misal, David (2014). The Holocaust: Memories and History. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-4438-5477-1.
- ^ Aarons, Victoria; Lassner, Phyllis (2020). The Palgrave Handbook of Holocaust Literature and Culture. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 314. ISBN 978-3-030-33427-7.
- ^ Chandler, Robert; Mashinski, Irina; Dralyuk, Boris (2015). The Penguin Book of Russian Poetry. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-14-197226-8.
