餲

餲	U+9932, 餲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9932

Translingual

Han character

餲 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 人戈日心女 (OIAPV), four-corner 8672₇, composition ⿰飠曷)

putrid

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1423, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44278
Dae Jaweon: page 1948, character 33
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4464, character 5
Unihan data for U+9932

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 餲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愒	kʰaːds, kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	qaːds, qaːd
餲	qraːds, qrads, ɡaːd, qaːd
喝	qraːds, qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	kʰrads, ked, kʰrad, ɡrad, kad, ɡad
偈	ɡrads, ɡrad
猲	kʰob, qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	klaːd, rab
渴	kʰaːd, ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	qʰaːd, qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	ɡaːd, ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	kʰreːd, kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	kʰraːd, ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	ɡrad, ɡad
碣	ɡrad, ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Etymology 1

trad.		餲
simp.		𮩝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): aat³ / aai³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ái

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ài
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Yale: ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: aat³ / aai³
  - Yale: aat / aai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aat⁸ / aai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ad³ / ai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːt̚³/, /aːi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ái
  - Tâi-lô: ái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: 'jejH, 'aejH, 'at

Rime
Character	餲	餲	餲
Reading #	1/4	2/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	祭 (37)	夬 (29)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	I
Fanqie	於罽切	於犗切	烏葛切
Baxter	'jejH	'aejH	'at
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇi^H/	/ʔˠai^H/	/ʔɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛi^H/	/ʔᵚai^H/	/ʔɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæi^H/	/ʔai^H/	/ʔɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiaj^H/	/ʔaɨjs^H/	/ʔat̚/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛi^H/	/ʔai^H/	/ʔɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ĭɛi^H/	/æi^H/	/ɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛi^H/	/ʔai^H/	/ʔɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì	yè	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jai³	aai³	ot³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qraːds/, /*qrads/, /*qaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餲	餲	餲
Reading #	1/4	2/4	4/4
No.	5014	5019	5040
Phonetic component	曷	曷	曷
Rime group	祭	祭	月
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	喝	䋵	遏
Old Chinese	/*qraːds/	/*qrads/	/*qaːd/

Definitions

餲

^† (of food) to become spoiled after a long time

Etymology 2

trad.		餲
simp.		𮩝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hé (he²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hé
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hé
  - Wade–Giles: ho²
  - Yale: hé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: hat

Rime
Character	餲
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡葛切
Baxter	hat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hot⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餲
Reading #	3/4
No.	5035
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	曷
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːd/

Definitions

餲

^† a kind of fried food made of flour

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 餲 – see 胺 (“amine; to rot and smell; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 胺).

References

“餲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

餲

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): えい (ei)、あつ (atsu)、あち (achi)、あい (ai)
Kun: くさる (kusaru)

Korean

Hanja

餲 (eum 애 (ae))

spoiled
oil-and-honey pastry

Vietnamese

Han character

餲: Hán Nôm readings: ưởi

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