Stroke order
|
|
她 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女心木 (VPD), four-corner 44412, composition ⿰女也)
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 255, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6046
- Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1029, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5979
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : semantic 女 (“female, woman”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).
Originally a variant of 姐 (jiě, “elder sister”). Later repurposed as a feminine third-person pronoun influenced by European languages, with the glyph being the result of replacing the 人 (rén, “person”) radical in 他 (tā) with 女 (“woman”). Linguist Liu Bannong is credited with coining this use around the 1910s, in turn replacing a precursor form of 他女 in print (Bi, 2013).
Note:
- thaⁿ/tha - vernacular;
- tho - literary.
她
- she, her [from 1910s]
- 她去了。 ― Tā qù le. ― She went away.
- 我認識她。/我认识她。 ― Wǒ rènshi tā. ― I know her.
教我如何不想她! [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad. and simp.]- From: 1920, Liu Bannong
- Jiào wǒ rúhé bù xiǎng tā! [Pinyin]
- How can I stop missing her! (lit., "how can one make me not think of her!")
那人說:「你所賜給我、與我同居的女人,她把那樹上的果子給我,我就吃了。」 [MSC, trad.]
那人说:「你所赐给我、与我同居的女人,她把那树上的果子给我,我就吃了。」 [MSC, simp.]- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:12
- Nà rén shuō: “Nǐ suǒ cì gěi wǒ, yǔ wǒ tóngjū de nǚrén, tā bǎ nà shù shàng de guǒzi gěi wǒ, wǒ jiù chī le.” [Pinyin]
- And the man said, The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat.
- Occasionally, 他 (tā) may be used for both genders.
No major Chinese language distinguishes between “he”, “she” and “it” in spoken form, and Mandarin 他/她/牠/它/祂 (tā) is the only instance where such a distinction is made in written form. Thus see the table below for words for “she” in other varieties of Chinese.
Dialectal synonyms of
他 (“he”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
伊1, 彼, 其, 厥, 渠, 夫, 之 object, 乃
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
他
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
他, 怹 honorific
|
Taiwan
|
他
|
Chengde
|
他
|
Ulanhot
|
他
|
Tongliao
|
他
|
Chifeng
|
他
|
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
他
|
Heihe
|
他
|
Qiqihar
|
他
|
Harbin
|
他
|
Jiamusi
|
他
|
Baicheng
|
他
|
Changchun
|
他
|
Tonghua
|
他
|
Shenyang
|
他
|
Jinzhou
|
他
|
Malaysia
|
他
|
Singapore
|
他
|
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
|
他
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Tianjin
|
他
|
Tangshan
|
他
|
Cangzhou
|
他
|
Lijin
|
他
|
Weifang (Weicheng)
|
他
|
Weifang (Fangzi)
|
他
|
Changle
|
他
|
Shouguang
|
他
|
Wulian
|
他
|
Jinan
|
他
|
Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Dalian
|
他
|
Dandong
|
他
|
Yantai
|
他
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
他
|
Qingdao
|
他
|
Weifang (Hanting)
|
他
|
Changyi
|
他
|
Gaomi
|
他
|
Zhucheng
|
他
|
Anqiu
|
他
|
Linqu
|
他
|
Qingzhou
|
他
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
他
|
Lingbao
|
他
|
Wanrong
|
他, 伢
|
Linfen
|
他
|
Shangqiu
|
他
|
Yuanyang
|
他
|
Zhengzhou
|
他
|
Xinyang
|
他
|
Baihe
|
他
|
Xi'an
|
他
|
Dingbian
|
他
|
Baoji
|
他
|
Tianshui
|
他
|
Xining
|
家, 他
|
Xuzhou
|
他
|
Pizhou
|
他
|
Lianyungang (Ganyu)
|
他
|
Donghai
|
他
|
Fuyang
|
他
|
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
他
|
Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
他
|
Bayanhot
|
他
|
Lanzhou
|
他, 那
|
Dunhuang
|
他
|
Hami
|
他
|
Ürümqi
|
他
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
他
|
Nanchong
|
他
|
Dazhou
|
他
|
Hanyuan
|
他
|
Xichang
|
他
|
Zigong
|
他
|
Chongqing
|
他
|
Wuhan
|
他, 他家
|
Yichang
|
他
|
Xiangyang
|
他
|
Tianmen
|
他
|
Guiyang
|
他
|
Zunyi
|
他
|
Bijie
|
他
|
Liping
|
他
|
Zhaotong
|
他
|
Dali
|
他
|
Kunming
|
他
|
Mengzi
|
他
|
Guilin
|
他
|
Liuzhou
|
他
|
Nanning (Xiakuojie)
|
他
|
Nanning (Fujian)
|
他
|
Nanning (Wuming)
|
他
|
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)
|
他
|
Binyang (Nanjie)
|
他
|
Jishou
|
他
|
Changde
|
他
|
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)
|
他
|
Hanzhong
|
他
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
他
|
Yangzhou
|
他
|
Baoying
|
他
|
Taizhou
|
他
|
Zhenjiang
|
他
|
Lianyungang
|
他
|
Huai'an (Huaiyin)
|
他
|
Lianshui
|
他
|
Xuyi
|
他
|
Xinghua
|
他
|
Nantong
|
他
|
Rugao
|
他
|
Yancheng
|
他
|
Funing
|
他
|
Sihong
|
他
|
Anqing
|
他
|
Wuhu
|
他
|
Hefei
|
他
|
Hong'an
|
他
|
Mandarin
|
Qinzhou (Longmengang)
|
他
|
Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)
|
他
|
Nanping (Yanping)
|
他
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
佢
|
Hong Kong
|
佢
|
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
佢
|
Hong Kong (Shek Pik Weitou)
|
佢
|
Macau
|
佢
|
Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
佢
|
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
佢
|
Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
佢
|
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
佢
|
Foshan
|
佢
|
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
佢
|
Foshan (Shunde)
|
佢
|
Foshan (Sanshui)
|
佢
|
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Huancheng)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Nanlang)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Xiaolan)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Henglan)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Dongfeng)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Nantou)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Fusha)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Shalang)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Gangkou)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Huangpu)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Sanjiao)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Minzhong)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Guzhen)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Banfu)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Tanzhou)
|
佢
|
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
佢
|
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
佢
|
Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
佢
|
Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
佢
|
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
佢
|
Taishan
|
佢
|
Taishan (Guanghai)
|
佢
|
Kaiping (Chikan)
|
佢
|
Enping (Niujiang)
|
佢
|
Heshan (Yayao)
|
佢
|
Dongguan
|
佢
|
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
佢
|
Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
佢
|
Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua)
|
其
|
Shenzhen (Pingshan Zhanmi)
|
佢
|
Qingyuan
|
佢
|
Fogang
|
佢
|
Yingde (Hanguang)
|
佢
|
Yangshan
|
佢
|
Lianshan (Butian)
|
佢
|
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
佢
|
Shaoguan
|
佢
|
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
佢
|
Renhua
|
佢
|
Lechang
|
佢
|
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
佢
|
Sihui
|
佢
|
Guangning
|
佢
|
Deqing
|
佢
|
Huaiji
|
佢
|
Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
佢
|
Yunfu
|
佢
|
Xinxing
|
佢
|
Luoding
|
佢
|
Yunan (Pingtai)
|
佢
|
Yangjiang
|
佢
|
Xinyi
|
佢
|
Lianjiang
|
佢
|
Nanning
|
佢
|
Wuzhou
|
佢
|
Yulin
|
佢
|
Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
佢
|
Baise
|
佢
|
Qinzhou
|
佢
|
Beihai
|
佢
|
Beihai (Nankang)
|
佢
|
Beihai (Yingpan)
|
佢
|
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
佢
|
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
佢
|
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
|
佢
|
Danzhou
|
佢
|
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
佢
|
Penang (Guangfu)
|
佢
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
佢
|
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
佢
|
Móng Cái
|
佢
|
Yangon (Taishan)
|
佢
|
Mandalay (Taishan)
|
佢
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
渠
|
Nanchang (Wangcheng)
|
渠
|
Anyi
|
渠仂
|
Lushan
|
渠
|
Pengze
|
渠
|
Duchang
|
渠, 渠儂
|
Wuning (Quankou)
|
渠
|
Poyang
|
渠
|
Yugan
|
渠, 渠郎
|
Wannian
|
渠
|
Hengfeng
|
渠, 渠仂
|
Yanshan
|
渠, 渠仂
|
Leping
|
渠
|
Yichun
|
渠
|
Yifeng
|
渠
|
Gao'an
|
渠
|
Fengxin
|
渠
|
Shanggao
|
渠
|
Wanzai
|
渠
|
Fengcheng
|
渠
|
Xinyu
|
渠
|
Fuzhou (Shangdundu)
|
渠
|
Fuzhou (Dongxiang)
|
渠仂
|
Nancheng
|
渠
|
Nanfeng
|
渠仂, 渠
|
Yihuang
|
渠
|
Lichuan
|
渠
|
Chongren
|
渠
|
Pingxiang
|
他
|
Lianhua
|
渠
|
Ji'an
|
渠
|
Yongfeng
|
渠
|
Taihe
|
渠
|
Xiajiang
|
渠
|
Yongxin
|
渠
|
Yingtan (Yujiang)
|
渠
|
Guixi
|
渠, 渠仂
|
Jianning
|
使
|
Jinxian
|
渠
|
Jinxi
|
渠
|
Le'an
|
渠
|
Guangchang
|
渠
|
Anfu
|
渠
|
Suichuan
|
渠
|
Wan'an
|
渠
|
Jing'an
|
渠
|
Zhangshu
|
渠
|
Xingan
|
渠
|
Fenyi
|
渠
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
佢
|
Xingning
|
佢
|
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
佢
|
Huidong (Daling)
|
佢
|
Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
佢
|
Boluo (Bendihua)
|
佢
|
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
佢
|
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
佢
|
Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
佢
|
Wuhua (Meilin)
|
佢
|
Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
佢
|
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
佢
|
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
佢
|
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
佢
|
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
佢
|
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
佢
|
Liannan
|
佢
|
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
佢
|
Jiexi
|
佢
|
Changting
|
佢
|
Shanghang
|
佢
|
Longyan (Yongding)
|
佢
|
Wuping
|
佢
|
Wuping (Pingyu)
|
佢
|
Liancheng
|
佢
|
Ninghua
|
佢
|
Qingliu
|
佢
|
Yudu
|
佢
|
Ruijin
|
佢
|
Shicheng
|
佢
|
Shangyou (Shexi)
|
佢
|
Ganzhou (Nankang)
|
佢
|
Dingnan
|
佢
|
Longnan
|
佢
|
Xunwu
|
佢
|
Huichang
|
佢
|
Chongyi
|
佢
|
Xingguo
|
佢
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
佢
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
佢
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
佢
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
佢
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
佢
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
佢
|
Hong Kong
|
佢
|
Luchuan
|
佢
|
Bobai (Shahe)
|
佢
|
Bobai (Longtan)
|
佢
|
Bobai (Lingping)
|
佢
|
Bobai (Lingjiao)
|
佢
|
Sabah (Longchuan)
|
佢
|
Senai (Huiyang)
|
佢
|
Kuching (Hepo)
|
佢
|
Singkawang
|
佢
|
Bangkok (Meixian)
|
佢
|
Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
渠, 渠仂
|
Dexing
|
渠
|
Chun'an (Qiandaohu)
|
渠
|
Jiande (Meicheng)
|
渠
|
Jiande (Shouchang)
|
渠, 渠儂
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
他
|
Yangyuan
|
他
|
Datong
|
他
|
Xinzhou
|
他
|
Lüliang (Lishi)
|
他
|
Changzhi
|
他
|
Taibus (Baochang)
|
他
|
Linhe
|
他
|
Jining
|
他
|
Hohhot
|
他
|
Baotou
|
他
|
Dongsheng
|
他
|
Haibowan
|
他
|
Erenhot
|
他
|
Pingshan
|
他
|
Zhangjiakou
|
他
|
Handan
|
他
|
Linzhou
|
他
|
Suide
|
他
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
渠
|
Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
渠
|
Songxi
|
渠
|
Zhenghe
|
渠
|
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
渠
|
Jianyang
|
渠
|
Pucheng (Shibei)
|
渠
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
伊1
|
Fuzhou (Changle)
|
伊1
|
Lianjiang
|
伊1
|
Fuqing
|
伊1
|
Pingtan
|
伊1
|
Yongtai
|
伊1
|
Minqing
|
伊1
|
Gutian
|
伊1
|
Pingnan
|
伊1
|
Luoyuan
|
伊1
|
Fu'an
|
伊1
|
Ningde
|
伊1
|
Xiapu
|
伊1
|
Zherong
|
伊1
|
Shouning
|
伊1
|
Zhouning
|
伊1
|
Fuding
|
伊1
|
Matsu
|
伊1
|
Taishun
|
伊1
|
Cangnan
|
伊1
|
Sitiawan (Gutian)
|
伊1
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
伊1
|
Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
伊1
|
Quanzhou
|
伊1
|
Jinjiang
|
伊1
|
Nan'an
|
伊1
|
Shishi
|
伊1
|
Hui'an
|
伊1
|
Anxi
|
伊1
|
Yongchun
|
伊1
|
Dehua
|
伊1
|
Zhangzhou
|
伊1
|
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
伊1
|
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
伊1
|
Hua'an
|
伊1
|
Nanjing
|
伊1
|
Pinghe
|
伊1
|
Zhangpu
|
伊1
|
Yunxiao
|
伊1
|
Zhao'an
|
伊1
|
Dongshan
|
伊1
|
Taipei
|
伊1
|
Taipei (Wanhua)
|
伊1
|
Kaohsiung
|
伊1
|
Kaohsiung (Cijin)
|
伊1
|
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
|
伊1
|
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
|
伊1
|
Yilan
|
伊1
|
Changhua (Lukang)
|
伊1
|
Taichung
|
伊1
|
Taichung (Wuqi)
|
伊1
|
Tainan
|
伊1
|
Taitung
|
伊1
|
Hsinchu
|
伊1
|
Kinmen
|
伊1
|
Penghu (Magong)
|
伊1
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
伊1
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
伊1
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
伊1
|
Medan (Hokkien)
|
伊1
|
Longyan
|
伊1
|
Zhangping
|
伊1
|
Datian
|
伊1
|
Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
他, 伊1
|
Guilin (Biyange)
|
伊1
|
Cangnan
|
伊1
|
Chaozhou
|
伊1
|
Shantou
|
伊1
|
Shantou (Chaoyang)
|
伊1
|
Jieyang
|
伊1
|
Haifeng
|
伊1
|
Bangkok (Teochew)
|
伊1
|
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
伊1
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
伊1
|
Pontianak (Teochew)
|
伊1
|
Leizhou
|
伊1
|
Wenchang
|
伊1
|
Haikou
|
伊1
|
Qionghai
|
伊1
|
Singapore (Hainanese)
|
伊1
|
Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
伊1
|
Xianyou
|
伊1
|
Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
渠
|
Sanming (Sanyuan)
|
渠
|
Sanming (Shaxian)
|
渠
|
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)
|
渠
|
Shaojiang Min
|
Shaowu
|
𠇼
|
Guangze
|
𠇼
|
Jiangle
|
渠
|
Mingxi
|
渠
|
Shunchang
|
渠
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
伊1
|
Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
|
伊1
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
佢
|
Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
他
|
Shehua
|
Jingning (Hexi)
|
渠
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
伊2
|
Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
是渠, 實渠, 渠
|
Shanghai (Jiading)
|
伊2
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
伊2
|
Suzhou
|
俚, 俚倷, 唔倷
|
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)
|
伊2, 伊奴
|
Wuxi
|
佗
|
Changshu
|
伊2
|
Nantong (Haimen)
|
他, 伊2
|
Jiaxing
|
伊內
|
Jiashan
|
伊2, 伊儂
|
Pinghu
|
伊儂
|
Haining (Yanguan)
|
伊2
|
Tongxiang
|
伊2, 夷儂
|
Haiyan
|
伊2, 葉內, 候內
|
Changzhou
|
佗
|
Danyang
|
他
|
Nanjing (Gaochun)
|
他
|
Huzhou
|
是其
|
Changxing
|
是夷, 夷
|
Anji
|
其
|
Deqing
|
夷
|
Hangzhou
|
他
|
Hangzhou (Yuhang)
|
夷, 其
|
Hangzhou (Lin'an)
|
夷, 是夷, 其
|
Hangzhou (Fuyang)
|
夷, 是夷
|
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)
|
夷
|
Tonglu
|
夷, 是夷
|
Tonglu (Wusheng)
|
夷, 他
|
Shaoxing
|
夷
|
Zhuji
|
其
|
Shengzhou
|
夷
|
Xinchang
|
其
|
Ningbo
|
渠, 渠儂
|
Ningbo (Zhenhai)
|
其
|
Ningbo (Fenghua)
|
其
|
Yuyao
|
渠
|
Cixi
|
渠
|
Xiangshan
|
其, 像其
|
Ninghai
|
其, 其儂
|
Zhoushan
|
其
|
Taizhou (Huangyan)
|
渠
|
Tiantai
|
渠
|
Xianju
|
渠
|
Sanmen
|
渠
|
Linhai
|
渠
|
Wenling
|
渠
|
Wenzhou
|
渠
|
Yueqing
|
渠
|
Yongjia (Fenglin)
|
渠
|
Rui'an
|
渠
|
Pingyang
|
渠
|
Taishun
|
其
|
Wencheng
|
渠
|
Lishui
|
渠
|
Qingtian
|
渠
|
Jinyun
|
渠
|
Wuyi (Liucheng)
|
渠
|
Songyang (Xiping)
|
渠
|
Yunhe
|
他, 其
|
Jingning
|
他, 渠
|
Qingyuan
|
渠
|
Longquan
|
渠
|
Quzhou
|
渠
|
Suichang
|
渠
|
Jiangshan
|
渠
|
Changshan
|
渠
|
Kaihua
|
渠
|
Longyou
|
渠, 渠儂
|
Jinhua
|
渠
|
Jinhua (Tangxi)
|
渠, 渠儂
|
Yiwu
|
渠
|
Yongkang
|
渠
|
Pujiang
|
其, 徐
|
Dongyang
|
渠
|
Wuyi
|
渠
|
Lanxi
|
渠, 渠儂
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
他
|
Loudi
|
他
|
Shuangfeng
|
他
|
Quanzhou
|
他
|
Note
|
In spoken language, Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender/animacy in the third-person pronoun; distinctions are only sometimes made in writing. 佢 is commonly used in Yue, Hakka and Pinghua, while 渠 is more common in other varieties
|
Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns
|
Person
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st
|
—
|
我 (wǒ)
|
我們/我们 (wǒmen)
|
inclusive
|
咱們/咱们 (zánmen)
|
2nd
|
male/indefinite
|
你 (nǐ)
|
你們/你们 (nǐmen)
|
female
|
妳/你 (nǐ)
|
妳們/你们 (nǐmen)
|
deity
|
祢 (nǐ)
|
祢們/祢们 (nǐmen)
|
polite
|
您 (nín)
|
你們/你们 (nǐmen) 您們/您们 (nínmen)
|
3rd
|
male/indefinite
|
他 (tā)
|
他們/他们 (tāmen)
|
female
|
她 (tā)
|
她們/她们 (tāmen)
|
deity
|
祂 (tā)
|
祂們/祂们 (tāmen)
|
animal
|
牠/它 (tā)
|
牠們/它们 (tāmen)
|
inanimate
|
它 (tā)
|
它們/它们 (tāmen)
|
- 妳/你 (nǐ, “(feminine) you”)
她
(Hyōgai kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
她: Hán Nôm readings: tha
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.