spiro

• IPA^(key): /ˈspɪɹəʊ/

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

Ultimately from Latin spīra (“coil, twist”).

spiro (uncountable)

1. (organic chemistry, attributively) A polycyclic compound or system that contains a single atom as the only common member of two rings.

spiro (uncountable)

1. (pharmacology, informal) Clipping of spironolactone.

   Coordinate terms: bica, cypro

   • 2022, Laura Erickson-Schroth, editor, Trans Bodies, Trans Selves, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 315:

     I was on estradiol tablets, finasteride, micronized progesterone, and spironolactone. I had an orchiectomy and have been taken off of progesterone and spiro. As far as changes to my body, they have been very miniscule in comparison to a person half my age. The most changes have been in my face.

   • 2022 January 31, Bella Cacciatore, “How Pregnancy and Social Media Helped Kara Nesvig’s Hormonal Acne”, in Glamour‎^[1]:

     After trying everything short of Accutane, she finally found her magic combo of spironolactone and hormonal birth control. “Birth control and spiro were my dream duo,” she says. “They knocked out my acne, my skin was flawless, but I had to have both.”

   • 2024 September 24, Beth Gillette, “I Tested Apostrophe, and I’ll Never Get Acne Meds From My Derm’s Office Again”, in Cosmopolitan‎^[2]:

     Important to keep in mind: It usually takes up to three months to see a difference with tretinoin. So don’t expect miracles in a matter of a few weeks. However! Because I had been using tret previously, it really was like I just added the tranexamic acid and topical spiro to my routine.

• Piros, sirop, spori-

• IPA^(key): [ˈspiro]
• Rhymes: -iro
• Hyphenation: spir‧o

spiro (accusative singular spiron, plural spiroj, accusative plural spirojn)

1. breath

• spiri

• IPA^(key): /ˈspi.ro/
• Rhymes: -iro
• Hyphenation: spì‧ro

spiro

1. first-person singular present indicative of spirare

• porsi, rospi

From Proto-Italic *speizō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys- (“to blow, breathe”), apparently of onomatopoeic origin.^[1] Cognate with Proto-Germanic *fīsaną (“to blow; to fart”) (for which see English fist, fise for more), Welsh ffun (“breath, gasp; spirit”), and perhaps Proto-Slavic *pīskàti (“to squeak, whistle”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈspiː.roː/, [ˈs̠piːroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈspi.ro/, [ˈspiːro]

spīrō (present infinitive spīrāre, perfect active spīrāvī, supine spīrātum); first conjugation

1. to breathe, draw breath, respire
2. to blow, breathe, burst forth
3. (intransitive, with accusative) to breathe out, exhale, emit
4. (figuratively) to breathe, live, be alive (usually in the present participle)
5. (figuratively) to be poetically inspired
6. (figuratively) to design, intend, express

Conjugation of spīrō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	spīrō	spīrās	spīrat	spīrāmus	spīrātis	spīrant
	imperfect	spīrābam	spīrābās	spīrābat	spīrābāmus	spīrābātis	spīrābant
	future	spīrābō	spīrābis	spīrābit	spīrābimus	spīrābitis	spīrābunt
	perfect	spīrāvī	spīrāvistī	spīrāvit	spīrāvimus	spīrāvistis	spīrāvērunt, spīrāvēre
	pluperfect	spīrāveram	spīrāverās	spīrāverat	spīrāverāmus	spīrāverātis	spīrāverant
	future perfect	spīrāverō	spīrāveris	spīrāverit	spīrāverimus	spīrāveritis	spīrāverint
passive	present	spīror	spīrāris, spīrāre	spīrātur	spīrāmur	spīrāminī	spīrantur
	imperfect	spīrābar	spīrābāris, spīrābāre	spīrābātur	spīrābāmur	spīrābāminī	spīrābantur
	future	spīrābor	spīrāberis, spīrābere	spīrābitur	spīrābimur	spīrābiminī	spīrābuntur
	perfect	spīrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	spīrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	spīrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	spīrem	spīrēs	spīret	spīrēmus	spīrētis	spīrent
	imperfect	spīrārem	spīrārēs	spīrāret	spīrārēmus	spīrārētis	spīrārent
	perfect	spīrāverim	spīrāverīs	spīrāverit	spīrāverīmus	spīrāverītis	spīrāverint
	pluperfect	spīrāvissem	spīrāvissēs	spīrāvisset	spīrāvissēmus	spīrāvissētis	spīrāvissent
passive	present	spīrer	spīrēris, spīrēre	spīrētur	spīrēmur	spīrēminī	spīrentur
	imperfect	spīrārer	spīrārēris, spīrārēre	spīrārētur	spīrārēmur	spīrārēminī	spīrārentur
	perfect	spīrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	spīrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	spīrā	—	—	spīrāte	—
	future	—	spīrātō	spīrātō	—	spīrātōte	spīrantō
passive	present	—	spīrāre	—	—	spīrāminī	—
	future	—	spīrātor	spīrātor	—	—	spīrantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		spīrāre	spīrāvisse	spīrātūrum esse	spīrārī	spīrātum esse	spīrātum īrī
participles		spīrāns	—	spīrātūrus	—	spīrātus	spīrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		spīrandī	spīrandō	spīrandum	spīrandō	spīrātum	spīrātū

• → Catalan: espirar
• → Icelandic: spíra
• → Italian: spirare
• → Old French: espirer, anspirer, enspirer, inspirer (some forms influenced by inspīrāre)
  • French: inspirer
  • → Middle English: enspiren, ensperen
    • English: inspire
    • Scots: enspire
• → Spanish: espirar

• “spiro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spiro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• spiro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a man's soul breathes through his writings: alicuius mens in scriptis spirat
    
• spiro in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016