pn
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
English
[edit]Preposition
[edit]pn
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of upon.
Egyptian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /pɛn/
- Conventional anglicization: pen
Determiner
[edit]| |
m sg proximal demonstrative determiner
Usage notes
[edit]This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
It forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative pf, in which pn is proximal.
In Old Egyptian this form was occasionally used in place of the plural jpn. Whether this should be interpreted as a mere summarily written variant of jpn or as a genuine use of the singular for the plural is unclear.
Inflection
[edit]Old Egyptian demonstratives
| determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
| gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
| proximal to speaker | pn |
tn |
*jpnj |
jptnj, jptntj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
| distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj, *jptftj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
| proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, p |
tj, tw |
jpwj |
jptwj, jptwtj |
jpw |
jptw, jptwt |
nw |
— |
| vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
| ||||||||
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
| masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
| determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
| possessive determiners1 | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
| definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ2 | |||
| indefinite articles | wꜥ2 |
nhꜣy2 | ||||
| ||||||
References
[edit]- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 54–55.
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964) Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, § 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN